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The community of soil fungi associated with the western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don, 1824)

Marlena Baranowska
Marlena Baranowska
, 
Natalia Kartawik
Natalia Kartawik
, 
Stefan Panka
Stefan Panka
, 
Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk
Jolanta Behnke-Borowczyk
 et 
Przemysław Grześkowiak
Przemysław Grześkowiak
   | 13 mars 2023
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Article Category: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Publié en ligne: 13 mars 2023
Pages: 23 - 33
Reçu: 24 oct. 2022
Accepté: 30 janv. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0003
© 2023 Marlena Baranowska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Kościan 238/1 – stem distribution map. In the diagram, the star (No. I and II) indicates examples of sample collection sites
Kościan 238/1 – stem distribution map. In the diagram, the star (No. I and II) indicates examples of sample collection sites

Biodiversity of fungal communities determined based on the biodiversity indices in individual variants of the experiment. The lowest values are marked with light grey colour, and the highest with dark grey colour

Index Samples
natural regeneration under old stands canopy
1G 2G 5G 3G 4G 6G
D-Mg 221.862 227.483 259.862 199.153 215.932 77.592
Shannon’s diversity -H 4.723 4.445 4.711 4.364 4.550 0.667
Shannon’s evenness -E 0.603 0.565 0.589 0.566 0.584 0.096
Simpson 0.019 0.029 0.023 0.031 0.027 0.063
Berger-Parker Dominance 0.063 0.099 0.086 0.116 0.076 0.021

Frequency of taxa in the fungal community of the rhizosphere of the western red cedar, the share of which in the community exceeded 0.1%. Natural regeneration – 1G, 2G, 5G, under old stands canopy – 3G, 4G, 6G. Taxa, the share of which in the genus was dominant are given in bold. M – mycorrhizal fungus. A – antagonist forest tree pathogens. e.g. Heterobasidion or Armillaria. S – saprotroph, Y – yeast, P – pathogen, U – unknown

Taxa Trophic group Order Samples
1G 2G 3G 4G 5G 6G
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Archaeorhizomyces borealis Menkis. T.Y. James & Rosling M Archaeorhizomycetales 0.38 0.69 0.21 0.28 0.14 5.08
Arthroderma multifidum C.O. Dawson S Onygenales 0.72 0.14 0.19 0.09 0.10 0.04
Aspergillus inflatus (Stolk & Malla) Samson. Frisvad. Varga. Visagie & Houbraken A Eurotiales 0.98 1.40 1.98 0.79 0.50 1.67
Cadophora sp. P Helotiales 0.72 1.17 2.43 0.90 0.56 0.01
Cenococcum geophilum Fr. M Hysteriales 0.37 0.99 0.68 2.81 0.78 0.01
Ilyonectria destructans (Zinssm.) Rossman. L. Lombard & Crous P Hypocreales 0.75 1.01 1.38 0.63 1.37 0.47
Infundibulomyces cupulatus Plaingam. Somrith. & E.B.G. Jones S Incertae sedis 0.07 0.24 0.52 0.15 0.09 0.00
Leptodontidium sp. S Helotiales 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.56
Penicillium citreonigrum Dierckx A Eurotiales 0.78 1.37 0.40 0.89 0.41 0.00
Penicillium daleae K.W. Zaleski A Eurotiales 0.94 0.57 1.02 0.34 0.60 0.35
Penicillium nodositatum Valla A Eurotiales 0.09 0.26 0.69 0.06 0.11 0.01
Penicillium sp. A Eurotiales 0.52 0.55 0.45 0.43 0.58 0.08
Periconia pseudodigitata Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray. S Pleosporales 0.58 0.79 0.70 0.70 0.79 0.50
Phialocephala fortinii C.J.K. Wang & H.E. Wilcox P heliotiales 0.25 0.40 0.60 0.45 0.46 0.54
Pseudocamaropycnis pini Crous S Mytilinidiales 0.02 0.09 0.07 0.24 0.66 0.00
Pseudogymnoascus pannorum (Link) Minnis & D.L. Lindner S Incertae sedis 0.57 0.37 0.39 0.49 0.30 0.47
Pseudogymnoascus sp. S Incertae sedis 0.71 0.78 1.94 0.24 0.35 0.10
Trichocladium sp. A Sordariales 0.07 0.16 0.26 0.19 0.60 0.73
Frequency of Ascomycota 20.74 23.69 24.56 18.47 20.07 28.45
Aecidium sp. P Pucciniales 0.18 0.25 0.61 0.11 0.11 0.05
Ceriporiopsis mucida (Pers.) Gilb. & Ryvarden S Polyporales 0.05 0.14 0.11 0.29 1.04 0.00
Derxomyces wuzhishanensis F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang U Tremellales 0.09 0.21 0.06 0.16 0.09 0.58
Galerina unicolor (Vahl) Singer S Agaricales 0.07 0.26 0.70 0.07 0.09 0.00
Ganoderma sp. P/S Polyporales 0.37 0.38 0.58 0.31 0.35 0.08
Geminibasidium hirsutum H.D.T. Nguyen. N.L. Nick. & Seifert U Geminibasidiales 0.17 0.17 0.12 0.17 0.47 0.94
Grammatus semis (Spirin & Malysheva) H.S. Yuan & Decock S Auriculariales 0.10 0.25 0.19 0.79 0.20 0.00
Hydnum repandum L. M Cantharellales 3.32 6.60 1.84 1.74 4.44 0.13
Hydnum vagabundum Swenie. Ovrebo & Matheny M Cantharellales 0.21 0.52 0.41 0.20 0.56 0.00
Minimedusa polyspora (Hotson) Weresub & P.M. LeClair A Cantharellales 1.30 0.28 0.09 0.29 0.17 0.00
Oxyporus schizoporoides Zmitr. & Spirin P Incertae sedis 0.03 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.05 1.45
Puccinia sp. P Pucciniales 0.28 0.69 1.33 0.35 0.85 1.35
Ramariopsis crocea (Pers.) Corner S Agaricales 0.05 0.18 0.16 0.29 0.94 0.40
Ramariopsis flavescens R.H. Petersen S Agaricales 0.37 1.30 3.42 0.30 0.45 0.45
Russula amoenolens Romagn. M Russulales 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.01 11.90
Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers. M Russulales 0.47 1.40 0.98 4.36 1.03 0.00
Russula nigricans Fr. M Russulales 0.15 0.41 0.31 1.40 0.33 0.00
Russula puellaris Fr. M Russulales 1.85 4.25 0.69 0.18 0.56 1.32
Russula turci Bres. M Russulales 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.17 0.73 0.00
Saitozyma podzolica (Babeva & Reshetova) Xin Zhan Liu. F.Y. Bai. M. Groenew. & Boekhout Y Tremellales 1.52 1.38 1.37 1.23 2.32 1.11
Solicoccozyma terrea (Di Menna) Yurkov A Filobasidiales 0.20 0.59 1.74 0.19 0.33 0.12
Solicoccozyma terricola (T.A. Pedersen) Yurkov A Filobasidiales 1.78 3.20 7.67 1.25 1.77 0.73
Trechispora invisitata (H.S. Jacks.) Liberta S Trechisporales 0.67 0.12 0.06 0.14 0.09 0.00
Tylospora asterophora (Bonord.) Donk M Atheliales 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.95 0.00
Frequency of Basidiomycota 19.89 29.66 29.07 25.21 25.14 24.89
Frequency of Chytridiomycota 0.46 0.40 0.67 0.37 0.50 0.46
Frequency of Glomeromycota 0.37 0.38 0.50 0.78 0.43 0.36
Frequency of Rozellomycota 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00
Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam. S Basidiobolales 1.82 0.40 0.18 0.45 1.01 0.01
Mortierella epicladia W. Gams & Emden A Mortierellales 0.54 0.16 0.07 0.36 0.23 0.00
Mortierella gamsii Milko A Mortierellales 0.54 0.18 0.10 0.28 0.14 0.02
Mortierella humilis Linnem. A Mortierellales 2.61 1.77 1.50 1.52 2.18 0.54
Mortierella hyalina (Harz) W. Gams A Mortierellales 1.21 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.13 0.01
Mortierella longigemmata Linnem. A Mortierellales 2.05 0.29 0.11 0.08 0.19 0.03
Mortierella macrocystis W. Gams A Mortierellales 1.13 2.24 1.11 2.11 5.50 1.56
Mortierella sclerotiella Milko A Mortierellales 0.85 0.21 0.18 0.06 0.17 0.00
Mortierella sp. A Mortierellales 3.80 3.66 4.45 4.20 3.15 4.39
Schizangiella serpentis J. Dwyer. B. Burwell. Humber. C. Mcleod. M. Fleetwood & T. Johnson bis P Basidiobolales 0.75 0.19 0.12 0.15 0.28 0.13
Umbelopsis changbaiensis Y.N. Wang. X.Y. Liu & R.Y. Zheng S Mucorales 0.19 0.27 0.54 0.14 0.22 0.11
Umbelopsis dimorpha Mahoney & W. Gams S Mucorales 0.16 0.24 0.19 0.14 0.35 0.68
Umbelopsis isabellina (Oudem.) W. Gams S Mucorales 0.10 0.17 0.25 0.09 0.18 0.83
Frequency of Zygomycota 18.53 12.26 11.03 11.88 17.12 10.58
Frequency of Oomycota 0.61 0.35 0.45 0.34 0.35 0.07
Uncultured Fungi 16.64 18.60 17.31 29.41 15.39 17.45
No sequence in the UNITE database 15.33 9.97 10.77 8.96 15.64 11.61

The share of functional groups of fungi in the communities of fungi in different variants of the experiment. Natural regeneration – 1G, 2G, 5G, under old-stands canopy – 3G, 4G, 6G

Functional groups Variants of experiments
1G 2G 5G 4G 3G 6G
Pathogens 7.63 6.90 10.93 5.37 8.89 6.56
Mycorrhizal fungi 11.34 19.40 19.33 14.99 6.39 24.18
Saprotrophs 14.11 12.73 18.82 9.10 13.62 13.47
Others 66.93 60.97 50.92 70.54 71.11 55.79
Share of Ascomycota of mycorrhizal fungi [%] 9.97 11.20 8.45 23.23 14.68 26.61
Share of Basidiomycota of mycorrhizal fungi [%] 85.77 86.47 87.94 71.07 77.51 71.59
Share of Glomeromycota of mycorrhizal fungi [%] 4.26 2.33 3.61 5.69 7.81 1.80

Western red cedar experimental plots – yield characteristics of the stands

Experimental plots Area [ha] Site Age [years] Site height [m] N [trees/ha] H100 [m] D100 [cm] HG [m] DG [cm] G [m2/ha] VD [m3/ha]
238c/1 0.10 LMsw 110 24.4 310 27.3 50.9 26.5 42.1 43.24 414.9
238c/2 0.10 LMsw 110 25.0 440 27.8 55.4 27.1 44.3 67.69 654.9
217s/4 0.08 Lsw 106 26.4 612 31.6 55.7 29.0 39.0 73.32 778.2
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