Slope aspect and altitude effect on selected soil organic matter characteristics in Beskid Mountains forest soils

Karolina Staszel; Ewa Błońska; Jarosław Lasota

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Slope aspect and altitude effect on selected soil organic matter characteristics in Beskid Mountains forest soils

Karolina Staszel

Ewa Błońska

Jarosław Lasota

| 19 sept. 2021

Folia Forestalia Polonica

Édition 63 (2021): Edition 3 (September 2021)

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Article Category: Original Article

Publié en ligne: 19 sept. 2021

Pages: 214 - 224

Reçu: 09 janv. 2021

Accepté: 16 avr. 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0022

© 2021 Karolina Staszel, Ewa Błońska, Jarosław Lasota, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Diagram of principal component analysis (PCA) with projection of organic horizon properties on a plane of the first and second factors (S, N – slope aspect; 600, 800, 1000, 1200 altitude a.s.l.)

Cluster analysis grouping the soils in altitude gradient (a.s.l.); carbon and nitrogen stocks (Cs and Ns) in soil were used in the design of the diagram

Organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil of altitude gradient

Altitude (m a.s.l.)	Slope aspect	Cs	CDI	Ns	NDI
600	N	85.48±18.81^abx	0.56±0.30^ax	4.47±0.96^ax	0.48 ±0.26^ax
600	S	89.80±15.56^ax	0.84±0.40^ax	4.31±0.51^ax	0.91 ±0.60^ax
800	N	97.37±26.74^abx	0.44±0.36^ax	5.78±1.45^ax	0.31±0.28 ^ax
800	S	100.88±18.82^ax	0.48±0.27 ^ax	4.72±1.21^ax	0.44±0.26 ^ax
1000	N	118.49±7.49^ax	0.55±0.33 ^ax	6.93±0.37^ax	0.39±0.17 ^ax
1000	S	89.35±34.93^ax	0.71±0.39 ^ax	4.72±1.59^ax	0.71±0.28 ^ax
1200	N	61.40±24.32^cx	0.51±0.36 ^ax	3.98±2.29^ax	0.37 ±0.36 ^ax
1200	S	87.02±28.89^ax	2.01 ±1.53 ^by	4.45±1.51^ax	1.22±0.57 ^by

Correlations between C, N and DH activity and testing variants of averages from both levels

	C%	N%	DH
pH H₂O	–0.3674	–0.3592	–0.1612
pH KCl	–0.3717	–0.3914	–0.0779
Ca	0.8547	0.8368	0.0968
K	0.9175	0.9267	0.1653
Mg	0.9370	0.9326	0.1599
Na	0.7004	0.7365	0.1566
Y	0.9388	0.9415	0.1518
Hex	0.5506	0.5676	0.0910

Summary of GLM analysis for the carbon stock (Cs) and nitrogen stock (Ns) in soil of altitude gradient

	Cs		Ns
	F	p	F	p
Slope aspect	0.1407	0.7098	2.8117	0.0776
Altitude	4.0444	0.0152	2.9473	0.0462
Slope aspect*Altitude	1.8341	0.1466	2.1649	0.0955

Characteristics of study plots located in altitude gradient

Altitude (m.a.s.l.)	Slope	Plant community	Soil type	Parent material	Species composition
600	15–20^o	Galio-Piceetum-carpaticum	Cambisols	Flysch sandstone	90% spruce 10% fir
800	15–20^o	Galio-Piceetum-carpaticum			90% spruce 10% fir
1000	15–20^o	Galio-Piceetum-carpaticum			90% spruce 10% fir
1200	15–20^o	Plagiothecio-Piceetum			100% spruce

Vegetation characteristics of Calamagrostio-Quercetum patches surveyed in central Poland

Altitude (m a.s.l.)	Slope aspect	Horizon	pH H₂O	pH KCl	C	N	C/N	Ca	K	Mg	Na	Hex	Y	DH
600	N	Ofh	3.56±0.13^bx	2.76±0.09^ax	28.05±1.43^cx	1.32±0.06^abx	21.28±0.97^ax	2.51±0.39^ax	0.65±0.13^ax	0.61±0.07^cx	0.11±0.03^abx	13.56±2.14^ax	87.80±3.52^ax	14.14±8.44^ax
	N	Mineral horizon	3.74±0.13^abx	2.84±0.13^abx	3.63±1.25^ax	0.20±0.06^ax	18.31±1.72^ax	0.45±0.14^bx	0.14±0.04^ax	0.13±0.04^ax	0.05±0.01^ax	12.01±4.20^ax	25.62±7.54^ax	4.12±1.53^abx
	S	Ofh	3.50±0.01^ax	2.62±0.04^ay	29.91±3.39^ax	1.42±0.16^ax	21.12±0.59^ax	2.76±0.35^ax	0.62±0.19^ax	0.60±0.08^ax	0.12±0.02^ax	12.04±2.19^abx	96.60±26.97^ay	8.59±0.35^ax
	S	Mineral horizon	3.52±0.04^ay	2.72±0.11^ay	3.17±0.44^ax	0.15±0.04^ax	21.57±4.52^ax	0.35±0.06^ax	0.08±0.01^ay	0.09±0.01^ax	0.04±0.00^ax	7.09±1.22^ay	20.08±4.37^ax	7.14±0.92^ax
800	N	Ofh	3.52±0.36^abcx	2.84±0.30^ax	32.01±4.63^abcx	1.36±0.25^abx	23.74±2.31^ax	4.78±4.10^bx	0.69±0.27^ax	0.77±0.26^abcx	0.09±0.03^abx	9.45±3.28^ax	91.92±20.08^ax	5.85±4.78^ax
	N	Mineral horizon	3.70±0.12^abx	3.04±0.17^abx	4.92±2.13^ax	0.31±0.12^ax	15.46±1.85^ax	0.48±0.33^abx	0.15±0.05^ax	0.17±0.06^ax	0.04±0.02^ax	9.43±1.90^ax	27.92±7.95^ax	10.68±4.14^abx
	S	Ofh	3.48±0.08^ax	2.72±0.08^ay	33.58±5.85^ax	1.42±0.17^ax	23.53±2.08^ax	4.74±1.89^ax	0.64±0.11^ax	0.90±0.25^ax	0.10±0.04^ax	10.71±1.75^bx	102.20±13.72^ay	5.24±1.87^abx
	S	Mineral horizon	3.54±0.11^ay	2.86±0.15^ay	5.50±1.04^ax	0.27±0.08^ax	21.25±3.66^ax	0.39±0.18^ax	0.12±0.03^ay	0.15±0.05^ax	0.04±0.02^ax	10.84±3.84^ay	31.42±8.15^ax	9.36±4.18^ax
1000	N	Ofh	3.26±0.17^cx	2.68±0.08ax	^26.71±2.58^bx	1.25±0.10^bx	21.45±2.07^ax	2.02±0.87^bx	0.61±0.09^ax	0.59±0.13^bx	0.07±0.02^bx	13.48±2.81^ax	86.46±7.15^ax	9.98±7.32^ax
	N	Mineral horizon	3.56±0.09^bx	2.76±0.05^bx	5.83±0.81^ax	0.38±0.05^ax	15.27±1.06^ax	0.35±0.11^abx	0.16±0.02^ax	0.17±0.04^ax	0.03±0.01^ax	11.51±2.51^ax	30.84±4.12^ax	6.70±2.29^abx
	S	Ofh	3.38±0.13^ax	2.60±0.07^ay	32.57±5.05^ax	1.45±0.09^ax	22.50±2.81^ax	2.81±0.77^ax	0.65±0.12^ax	0.65±0.15^ax	0.12±0.07^ax	12.38±1.19^abx	102.76±10.46^ay	7.83±3.51^abx
	S	mineral horizon	3.52±0.15^ay	2.70±0.12^ay	3.96±2.60^ax	0.22±0.09^ax	17.35±7.80^ax	0.31±0.04^ax	0.12±0.05^ay	0.12±0.05^ax	0.04±0.02^ax	9.35±4.96^ay	26.20±12.21^ax	4.63±2.65^ax
1200	N	Ofh	3.72±0.04^ax	2.88±0.13^ax	38.27±2.28^ax	1.61±0.12^ax	23.85±1.57^ax	2.91±1.16^ax	1.15±0.17^ax	1.42±0.49^ax	0.15±0.05^ax	13.20±0.74^ax	101.86±9.95^ax	7.13±5.36^ax
	N	Mineral horizon	4.02±0.38^ax	3.14±0.32^ax	3.24±1.60ax	0.24±0.16^ax	15.65±3.96^ax	0.15±0.07^ax	0.09±0.05^ax	0.10±0.07^ax	0.03±0.01^ax	7.48±3.26^ax	20.12±10.29^ax	2.40±1.56^ax
	S	Ofh	3.40±0.12^ax	2.60±0.12^ay	30.41±2.03^ax	1.38±0.20^ax	22.33±2.24^ax	2.14±1.03^ax	0.57±0.09^ax	0.70±0.15^ax	0.09±0.02^ax	15.39±0.83^ax	111.38±15.07ay	2.38±3.56^bx
	S	Mineral horizon	3.68±0.29^ay	2.96±0.17^ay	3.03±1.52^ax	0.18±0.18ax	15.68±3.22^ax	0.27±0.14^ax	0.07±0.02^ay	0.11±0.03^ax	0.04±0.01^ax	5.55±1.95^ay	18.60±7.83^ax	4.13±2.43^ax

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Slope aspect and altitude effect on selected soil organic matter characteristics in Beskid Mountains forest soils

Article Category: Original Article

Publié en ligne: 19 sept. 2021

Pages: 214 - 224

Reçu: 09 janv. 2021

Accepté: 16 avr. 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0022

© 2021 Karolina Staszel, Ewa Błońska, Jarosław Lasota, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil of altitude gradient

Correlations between C, N and DH activity and testing variants of averages from both levels

Summary of GLM analysis for the carbon stock (Cs) and nitrogen stock (Ns) in soil of altitude gradient

Characteristics of study plots located in altitude gradient

Vegetation characteristics of Calamagrostio-Quercetum patches surveyed in central Poland