Rural and Alpine Gentrification Impact on Lifestyle Mobilities During Covid-19: The Yayla Experience at the Taurus Mountains in Turkey

[1] Arnesen, T., Overvåg, K., Ericsson, B. and Skjeggedal, T. (2011). Recreation and the making of the multi-house home: Emergence of new relations between the urban and the rural [a workshop]. Lillehammer: Eastern Norway Research Institute. Retrieved from no/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/notat_second-homes_ostlandsforskning.pdf (accessed 16 Jan 2022). Search in Google Scholar

[2] Bakır, İ. (1995). Batı Toroslarda Göçerlerin Yerleşme ve Mekan Sorunlarının Çözümü Üzerine Bir Deneme [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Konya: Selçuk University. Search in Google Scholar

[3] Bartoš, M., Kušová, D. & Těšitel, J. (2009). Motivation and life style of the Czech amenity migrants. European Countryside, 1(3), 164–179. DOI: 10.2478/v10091-009-0014-4. Search in Google Scholar

[4] Beyaz, C. (2019). Kırsal Göçmenin Kimlik, Aidiyet ve Bağlılık Mücadelesi: Rizeli Göçmenler Üzerine Bir Çalışma [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Ankara: Hacettepe University. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Chapin, C. & Roy, S. S. (2021). A spatial web application to explore the interactions between human mobility, government policies, and COVID-19cases. Journal of Geovisualization and Spatial Analysis, 5(1), 1–8. DOI: 10.1007/s41651-021-00081-y. Search in Google Scholar

[6] Christidis, P., Ciuffo, B. & Vespe, M. (2021). Regional mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: analysis of trends and repercussions using mobile phones data across the EU. Case Studies on Transport Policy 10(1), 257–268. DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2021.12.007. Search in Google Scholar

[7] Cohen, S. A., Duncan, T. & Thulemark, M. (2015). Lifestyle mobilities: The crossroads of travel, leisure and migration. Mobilities, 10(1), 155–172. DOI: 10.1080/17450101.2013.826481. Search in Google Scholar

[8] Costello, L. (2007). Going bush: the implications of urban rural migration. Geographical Research, 45(1), 85–94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-5871.2007.00430.x. Search in Google Scholar

[9] Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Search in Google Scholar

[10] Forget, M. (2015). Territorial trajectories within a new centre for the globalised mining industry: the Andes of northern Argentina. Journal of Alpine Research 103(3). DOI: 10.4000/rga.3024. Search in Google Scholar

[11] Gallent, N. (2020). COVID-19 and the flight to second homes. Town & Country Planning, 89(4/5): 141–144. Search in Google Scholar

[12] Glorioso, R. (2006). A bioregion in jeopardy: the strategic challenge of amenity migration in Baguio, the Philippines. In Moss, L., ed., The amenity migrants and sustaining mountains and their culture (pp. 261–277). Wallingford: CABI. DOI: 10.1079/9780851990842.0261. Search in Google Scholar

[13] Glorioso, R. & Moss, L. (2012). Origin and development of the amenity migration concept. In: Martin, N., Bourdeau, P. & Daller, J.-F., eds., Migration d’agrément: Du tourisme à l´Habiter. Paris: L’Harmattan. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Gocer, O., Shrestha, P., Boyacioglu, D., Gocer, K. & Karahan, E. (2021). Rural gentrification of the ancient city of Assos (Behramkale) in Turkey, Journal of Rural Studies 87, 146–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.09.012. Search in Google Scholar

[15] Haller, A. & Branca, D. (2022). Urbanization and the Verticality of Rural–Urban Linkages in Mountains. In: Sarmiento, F. O., ed., Montology Palimpsest. Cham: Springer. DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-13298-8_8. Search in Google Scholar

[16] Hilti, N. (2009). Here, there and in-between. On the interplay of multilocal living, space and inequality. In Bergman, M., Ohnmacht, T. & Maksim, H., eds., Mobilities and Inequality (pp. 145–164). Aldershot: Ashgate. Search in Google Scholar

[17] Janoschka, M. & Haas, H. (2014). Contested spatialities, lifestyle migration and residential tourism. London: Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

[18] Joshi, R. K., Pathak, R., Rawal, R., Thakur, S., Negi, V. S. & Bhatt, I. D. (2022). Challenges and opportunities under COVID-19 on rural populace in Kailash Sacred Landscape (KSL)-India. Environmental Challenges 7, e100497. DOI: 10.1016/j.envc.2022.100497. Search in Google Scholar

[19] Kasimis, C. & Papadopoulos, A. (2013). Rural transformations and family farming in contemporary Greece. In Moragues Faus, A., Ortiz-Miranda, D., Arnalte-Alegre, E., eds., Agriculture in Mediterranean Europe: Between Old and New Paradigms (pp. 263–293). Bingley: Emerald. Search in Google Scholar

[20] Kocabıyık, C. & Loopmans, M. (2021). Seasonal gentrification and its (dis)contents: Exploring the temporalities of rural change in a Turkish small town, Journal of Rural Studies, 87, 482–493. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.09.002. Search in Google Scholar

[21] Marchant, C. & Rojas, F. (2015). Local transformations and new economic functionalities generated by amenity migration in Northern Chilean Patagonia. Exploring Malalcahuello, a Small Mountain Village. Journal of Alpine Research| Revue de géographie alpine, 103(3). DOI: 10.4000/rga.2988. Search in Google Scholar

[22] Membretti, A., Dax, T. & Krasteva, A., eds. (2022). The Renaissance of Remote Places: MATILDE Manifesto London: Routledge. DOI: 10.4324/9781003260486. Search in Google Scholar

[23] Mitchell, C., Bunting, T. & Piccioni, M. (2004). Visual artists: counter-urbanites in the Canadian countryside? The Canadian Geographer, 48(2), 152–167. DOI: 10.1111/j.0008-3658.2004.00053.x. Search in Google Scholar

[24] Moss, L., ed. (2006). The amenity migrants: Seeking and sustaining mountains and their cultures. Wallingford: CABI. Search in Google Scholar

[25] Naitthani, P. & Kainthola, S. (2015). Impact of conservation and development on the vicinity of Nanda Devi national park in the North India. Journal of Alpine Research, 103(3). DOI: 10.4000/rga.3100. Search in Google Scholar

[26] Narain, V. & Singh, A. K. (2019). Replacement or displacement? Periurbanisation and changing water access in the Kumaon Himalaya, India. Land Use Policy 82, 130–137. DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.12.004. Search in Google Scholar

[27] Nepal, S. K. & Jamal, T. B. (2011). Resort-induced changes in small mountain communities in British Columbia, Canada. Mountain Research and Development, 31(2) 89–101. DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00095.1. Search in Google Scholar

[28] Ooi, N., Laing, J. & Mair, J. (2015). Sociocultural change facing in the rocky mountain west as a result of mountain resort tourism and amenity migration. Journal of Rural Studies, 41, 59–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.07.005. Search in Google Scholar

[29] Perlik, M. (2011). Alpine gantrification: Lorsque le village de montagne devient un arrondissement métropolitain/Alpine gentrification: The mountain village as a metropolitan neighbourhood. Revue de géographie alpine, 99(1). DOI: 10.4000/rga.1370. Search in Google Scholar

[30] Perlik, M. (2019). The spatial and economic transformation of mountain regions: Landscapes as commodities. London: Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

[31] Perlik, M. (2022). Les changements des filières manufacturières en montagne avec ses répercussions socio-économiques. In: Sega, R. & Perlik, M., eds, Les Alpes productives (pp. 147–177). Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble. Search in Google Scholar

[32] Phillips, M. (1993). Rural gentrification and the processes of class colonization. Journal of Rural Studies, 9(2), 123–140. DOI: 10.1016/0743-0167(93)90026-G. Search in Google Scholar

[33] Ramachandran, V. (2021). Urban-rural mobility during COVID-19: the growth of ‘cottagecore’in Australia and Aotearoa-New Zealand. MoLab Inventory of Mobilities and Socioeconomic Changes. Halle/Saale: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology. DOI: 10.48509/MoLab.5434. Search in Google Scholar

[34] Rao, K. S., Nautiyal, N., Maikhuri, R. K. & Saxena, K. G. (2000). Management conflicts in the Nanda Devi biosphere reserve, India. Mountain Research and Development, 20(4), 320–323. DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741(2000)020[0320:MCITND]2.0CO;2. Search in Google Scholar

[35] Romero, H., Méndez, M. & Smith, P. (2012). Mining development and environmental injustice in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. Environmental Justice, 5(2), 70–76. DOI: 10.1089/env.2011.0017. Search in Google Scholar

[36] Schier, M. (2020). Multilokales Familienleben nach Trennung und Scheidung. In Danielzyk, R., Dittrich-Wesbuer, A., Hilti, N. & Tippel, C., eds, Multilokale Lebensführungen und räumliche Entwicklungen – ein Kompendium (pp. 299–307). Hannover: Akademie für Raumentwicklung. Search in Google Scholar

[37] Schuler, M., Perlik, M. & Pasche, N. (2004). Non-urbain, campagne ou périphérie – où se trouve l’espace rural aujourd’hui? Berne: Office fédéral du développement territorial. Search in Google Scholar

[38] Seraphin, H. & Dosquet, F. (2020). Mountain tourism and second home tourism as post COVID-19 lockdown placebo? Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 12(4), 485–500. DOI: 10.1108/WHATT-05-2020-0027. Search in Google Scholar

[39] Short, J. R. (2005). Imagined country: Environment, culture, and society. Syracuse University Press. Search in Google Scholar

[40] Smith, N. (2008/1984). Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space, 3^rd ed. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press. Search in Google Scholar

[41] Somuncu, M. (2010). From mountain pastures to mountain resorts. Newsletter of the Mountain Research Initiative, 5. 9–12. Search in Google Scholar

[42] Somuncu, M. (2016). Tourism and the commodification of cultural heritage in the Eastern Black Sea Mountains, Turkey. In Koulov, B. & Zhelezov, G., eds., Sustainable Mountain Regions: Challenges and Perspectives in Southeastern Europe (pp. 243–255). London-New York: Springer. Search in Google Scholar

[43] Somuncu, M., Çabuk Kaya, N., Akpınar, N., Kurum, E., Özelçi Eceral, T. (2012). Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Yaylalarında Çevresel Değişim. Çevre Sorunları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları. Search in Google Scholar

[44] Somuncu, M., Okuyucu, A., Altundal Öncü, M. (2019). Second home tourism in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey: Development issue and mobility pattern, Ankara University Journal of Environmental Sciences, 7(2), 63–82. Search in Google Scholar

[45] Steinicke, E., Čede, P. & Löffler, R. (2012). In-migration as a new process in demographic problem areas of the Alps. Ghost towns vs. amenity settlements in the alpine border area between Italy and Slovenia. Erdkunde, 66(4), 329–344. Search in Google Scholar

[46] Tekeli, İ. (2016). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de kent-kır karşıtlığı yok olurken yerleşmeler için temsil sorunları ve strateji önerileri. Ankara: İdealkent Yayınları. Search in Google Scholar

[47] Ullman, E. L. (1954). Amenities as a factor in regional growth. Geographical Review 44(1), 119–132. DOI: 10,2307/211789. Search in Google Scholar

[48] Usanmaz, D. (2021). Covid 19 Pandemi Sürecinin Türkiye’de Konut Sektörü Üzerine Etkileri. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 11(3), 1352–1365. DOI: 10.30783/nevsosbilen.983406. Search in Google Scholar

[49] Uysal, A. B. & Sakarya, I. (2018). Rural gentrification in the North Aegean Countryside (Turkey). ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning. 6(1), 99–125. DOI: 10.15320/ICONARP.2018.40. Search in Google Scholar

[50] Weichhart, P.(2015). Residential multi-locality: in search of theoretical frameworks. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 106(4), 378–391. DOI: 10.1111/tesg.12156. Search in Google Scholar

[51] Williams, D. R. & Kaltenborn, B. P. (1999). Leisure places and modernity: The use and meaning of recreational cottages in Norway and the USA. In Crouch, D., ed., Leisure/tourism geographies: practices and geographical knowledge (pp. 214–230). London: Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

[52] Wang, Y., Wu, N., Kunze, C., Long, R. & Perlik, M. (2019). Drivers of Change to Mountain Sustainability in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. In Wester, P., Mishra, A., Mukherji, A. & Shrestha, A. B., eds., The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment – Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People (pp. 17–56). Cham: Springer Nature. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_2. Search in Google Scholar

[53] Zoğal, V., Domènech, A. & Emekli, G. (2020). Stay at (which) home: second homes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Tourism Futures, 8(1), 125–133. DOI: 10.1108/JTF-06-2020-0090. Search in Google Scholar

[54] CHS (Centre d’histoire sociale du XXème siècle) (2016): Le retour à la terre – L’utopie néo-rurale en Ardèche depuis les années 1960. Retrieved from https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fchs.univ-paris1.fr%2Fspip.php%3Farticle839#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url (accessed 24 Jan 2023). Search in Google Scholar

[55] Kirmizi, M. (2022). The Green Road Project: A Mobility-led Tourism Gentrification of Turkey’s Eastern Black Sea Plateaus? [unpublished conference paper from RC21 Conference, Athens, 24–26 Aug 2022]. Search in Google Scholar

[56] Otero, A. & Rodrigo González, C. (2011). The role of the state facing amenity/lifestyle mobility processes in Argentina [unpublished paper from 2nd International Workshop on Lifestyle Migration and Residential Tourism, Madrid, 23–25 March]. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma. Retrieved from: www.congresos.cchs.csic.es/lifestyle-migration/sites/congresos.cchs.csic.es.lifestyle-migration/files/Paper%20Adriana%20Otero%20&%20Rodrigo%20Gonz%C3%A1lez.pdf (accessed 1 Aug 2017). Search in Google Scholar

[57] POPSU (Plateforme d’observation des projets et stratégies urbaines) (2022). Exode urbain? Petits flux, grands effets les mobilités résidentielles à l’ère (post-)COVID-19. Retrieved frrom: https://popsu.archi.fr/, accessed 31 Jan 2023. Search in Google Scholar

[58] SRF, Swiss Radio and Television (2022). Echo der Zeit, 12.Oct. 2022. Ostafrika: Mehr Berggorillas dank Tourismus. Author: Lemmenmeier, A. URL: https://www.srf.ch/audio/echo-der-zeit/ostafrika-mehrberggorillas-dank-tourismus?partId=12269176 (accessed 27 Jan. 2023). Search in Google Scholar

[59] TUIK GSYH Bültenleri, (2021). www.tuik.gov.tr. Search in Google Scholar