Innovation, Spatial Loyalty, and ICTs as Locational Determinants of Rural Development in the Catalan Pyrenees

[1] Addison, T. & Heshmati, A. (2003). The New Global Determinants of FDI Flows to Developing Countries: The Importance of ICT and Democratization [WIDER Discussion Papers No.2003/45]. Helsinki: World Institute for Development Economics.Search in Google Scholar

[2] Anderson, C. & Bell, M. (2003). The Devil of Social Capital: a Dilemma of American Rural Sociology. In Cloke, P., ed., Country Visions (pp. 232–243). Harlow: Pearson.Search in Google Scholar

[3] Atchoarena, D. & Gasperini, L., eds. (2004). Education for Rural Development: Towards New Policy Responses. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Search in Google Scholar

[4] Barnes, T. J. (2003). The Place of Locational Analysis: A Selective and Interpretative History. Progress in Human Geography 27(1), 69–95. DOI: 10.1191/0309132503ph419oa.10.1191/0309132503ph419oaOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[5] Barrachina, M. & Tulla, A. F. (2010). Els canvis socioambientals al Pirineu català: la Vall Fosca com a escenari representatiu de les mutacions en les economies tradicionals de muntanya. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 56(3), 557–572.Search in Google Scholar

[6] Best, S. (1989). The Commodification of Reality and the Reality of Commodification: Jean Baudrillard and Post-Modernism. Current Perspectives in Social Theory 19, 23–51.Search in Google Scholar

[7] Blanco, R. (2004). Catalunya i els factors de localització davant la nova economía. Nota d’Economia, 78, 115–134.Search in Google Scholar

[8] Bock, B. B. (2010). Personal and Social Development of Women in Rural Areas of Europe. Brussels: European Parliament.Search in Google Scholar

[9] Cheng, Yi-Li; Lin, Yuan-Hsu (2012). Performance Evaluation of Technological Innovation Capabilities in Uncertainty. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 287–314. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.193.10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.193Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[10] Christ, J. P. (2009). New Economic Geography Reloaded: Localized Knowledge Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation [FZID Discussion Paper 01-2009]. Stuttgart: University of Hohenheim.Search in Google Scholar

[11] Copus, A., Hall, C., Barnes, A., Dalton, G., Cook, P., Weingarten, P., Baum, S., Stange, H., Lindner, Ch., Hill, A., Eiden, G., McQuaid, R., Grieg, M. & Johansson, M. (2006). Study on Employment in Rural Areas. Brussels: European Commission.Search in Google Scholar

[12] Elbersen, B. (2005). Combining Nature Conservation and Residential Development in the Netherlands, England and Spain. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 48(1), 37–63. DOI: 10.1080/0964056042000308148.10.1080/0964056042000308148Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[13] Esparcia, J. (2000). The LEADER Programme and the Rise of Rural Development in Spain. Sociologia Ruralis, 40 (2), 200–207. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9523.00142.10.1111/1467-9523.00142Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[14] Flora, C. B., Flora, J. L. & Frey, S. (2008). Rural Communities: Legacy and Change, 3^rd edition. Boulder: Westview.Search in Google Scholar

[15] Ganyet, J. & Tulla, A. F., eds. (1993). Mab-6 Alt Pirineu (Urgellet-Baridà). Síntesis del Programa. Madrid: Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Transporte.Search in Google Scholar

[16] Gascón, C. (2015). Cadí, 100 anys de cooperativa. La Seu d’Urgell: Societat Cooperativa del Cadí.Search in Google Scholar

[17] Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic Action and Social Structure: the Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology 91(3), 481–493.10.1086/228311Search in Google Scholar

[18] Grau Trullàs, J. I. (2006). Modelo Catalán: Banda ancha rural de Catalunya. Sevilla: Tecnimap.Search in Google Scholar

[19] Greenhut, M. L. (1956). Plant location in theory and in practice: the economics of space. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Search in Google Scholar

[20] Gurrera, J. (1988). El transport public de viatgers. Mab 6 Alt Pirineu. La Seu d’Urgell: Gráficas Fornesa.Search in Google Scholar

[21] Hägerstrand, T. (1965). On Monte Carlo Simulation of Diffusion. European Journal of Sociology, 6(1), 43–67. DOI: 10.1017/S0003975600001132.10.1017/S0003975600001132Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[22] Hartshorne, R. (1926). The significance of lake transportation to the grain traffic of Chicago. Economic Geography, 2(2), 274–291. DOI: 10.2307/140869.10.2307/140869Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[23] Hess, S., Kolosy, K., O’Hara, E., Paneva, V. & Solo, P. (2018). Smart Villages Revitalising Rural Services. Luxembourg: Publ. Office of the EU.Search in Google Scholar

[24] Hidalgo, A. Vizán, A. & Torres, M. (2008). Los factores clave de la innovación tecnológica: claves de la competitividad empresarial. Dirección y Organización 36, 5–22.10.37610/dyo.v0i36.67Search in Google Scholar

[25] Ifinedo, P. (2011). An Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Internet/e-business Technologies Adoption by SMEs in Canada, Journal and International Technology and Decision Making 10(4), 19–28. DOI: 10.1142/S0219622011004543.10.1142/S0219622011004543Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[26] Jordá-Borrella, R. M., López-Oterob, J. & Contreras-Cabrerac, G. (2018). Factores de mayor incidencia en la adopción de innovaciones tic a escala de pais. Importancia de las relaciones directas e indirectas entre factores. In Sá Marques, T., Helder Santos & Pilar Alonso, M., eds., VIII Jornadas de Geografía Económica: La Geografía de las Redes Económicas y la Geografía Económica en Rede (pp. 91–99). Porto: Universidade do Porto.Search in Google Scholar

[27] Kelly, K. (1998). New Rules for the New Economy. New York: Viking.Search in Google Scholar

[28] Kitchen, L. & Marsden, T. (2009). Creating Sustainable Rural Development through Stimulating the Eco-Economy: Beyond the Eco-Economic Paradox? Sociologia Ruralis, 49(3), 273–94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9523.2009.00489.x.10.1111/j.1467-9523.2009.00489.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

[29] Knox, P., Agnew, J. & McCarthy, L. (2003). The Geography of the World Economy: An Introduction to Economic Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

[30] Kock Exterckoter, R., Tulla, A. F. & Azevedo, C. (2016). Análisis bibliométrico del concepto de resiliencia aplicado al desarrollo regional. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica 62(2), 275–298.10.5565/rev/dag.318Search in Google Scholar

[31] Landry, R., Amara, N. & Lamari, M. (2002). Does Social Capital Determine Innovation? To What Extent? Technological Forecasting and Social Change 69(7), 681–701. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00170-6.10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00170-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[32] Laursen, K. & Salter, A. (2006). Open for Innovation: The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance among UK Manufacturing Firms. Strategic Management Journal 27(2), 131–150. DOI: 10.1002/smj.507.10.1002/smj.507Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[33] Levin, R. C. & Reiss, P. C. (1988). Cost-reducing and Demand-creating R&D with Spillovers. Rand Journal of Economics 19(4), 538–556. DOI: 10.2307/2555456.10.2307/2555456Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[34] Loo, S. van der, Chen, L., Edwards, P., Holden, J. A., Karamperidis, M. J., Kollingbaum, A. C., Marqui, J. D., Nelson, T. J., Norman, M., Piecyk, M. & Pignotti, E. (2015). Development of a Digital Tool to Overcome the Challenges of Rural Food SMEs. Scottish Geographical Journal 131(3–4), 212–219. DOI: 10.1080/14702541.2014.994673.10.1080/14702541.2014.994673Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[35] Lundvall, B. (1992). National Innovation System of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London: Printer Publisher.Search in Google Scholar

[36] Malecki, E. J. (2003). Digital development in rural areas: potentials and pitfalls. Journal of Rural Studies 19(2), 201–214. DOI: 10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00068-2.10.1016/S0743-0167(02)00068-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[37] Mateu i Llevadot, X. (1988). El marc local I la prestació dels serveis municipals a l’àrea MAB-6 ALT PIRINEU. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica 12, 163–177.Search in Google Scholar

[38] Mármol Cartañá, C. (2016). Muntanyes de formatge. Transformacions productives I patrimonialització a l’Urgellet i el Baridà. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.Search in Google Scholar

[39] Mayer-Schönberger, V. & Cukier, K. (2013). Big data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work, and Think. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.Search in Google Scholar

[40] Nieto-Antolín, M. & González-Álvarez, N. (2011). Estructura de la industria, entorno institucional y actividad innovadora en la empresa industrial Española. ICE: Revista de Economía 860, 57–71.Search in Google Scholar

[41] Noguera Tur, J. & Copus, A. (2016). A Proposal for Classification of Non-Urban Regions in the European Union. Cuadernos Geográficos 55(1), 92–124.Search in Google Scholar

[42] Pallarès-Barberà, M. (2003). Geografia econòmica i localització industrial. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica 42, 171–182.Search in Google Scholar

[43] Pallarès-Barberà, M., Tulla, A. F. & Vera, A. (2004). Spatial Loyalty and Territorial Embeddedness in the Multi-Sector Clustering of the Berguedà Region in Catalonia (Spain). Geoforum 35(5), 635–649. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.03.004.10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.03.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[44] Pallarès-Blanch, M., Tulla, A. F. & Vera, A. (2015). Environmental Capital and Women’s Entrepreneurship: A Sustainable Local Development Approach. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 10(3), 133–146.Search in Google Scholar

[45] Paneva, V., Soto, P., Zapres, K., Nieto, E., Coto, M., Eldridge, J., Hess, S., Jonasson, Y., Kok, M., Kolosy, K., Mueller, T., Norrby, T., Porta, M., Rinne, P. & Slee, B. (2018) Digital and Social Innovation in Rural Services. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the EU.Search in Google Scholar

[46] Perkins, H. C. (2006). Commodification: Re-resourcing Rural Areas. In Cloke, P., Marsden, T. & Mooney, P., eds., Handbook of Rural Studies (pp 243–257). London: Sage.Search in Google Scholar

[47] Philip, L. & Williams, F. (2019). Remote rural home based businesses and digital inequalities: Understanding needs and expectations in a digitally underserved community. Journal of Rural Studies 68, 306–318. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.09.011.10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.09.011Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[48] Piore, M. J. & Sabel, C. F. (1984). The Second Industrial Divide. Possibilities for Prosperity. New York: Basic Books.Search in Google Scholar

[49] Ploeg, J. D. van, Renting, H., Brunori, G., Knickel, K., Mannion, J., Marsden, T., De Roest, K., Sevilla-Guzmán, E. & Ventura, F. (2000). Rural Development: From Practices and Policies towards Theory. Sociologia Ruralis 40(4), 391–408. DOI: 10.1111/1467-9523.00156.10.1111/1467-9523.00156Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[50] Prados, M. J. (2009). Conceptual and Methodological Framework of Naturbanization. In Prados, M. J., ed., Naturbanization: New Identities and Processes for Rural-Natural Areas (pp. 11–28). London: Taylor & Francis.Search in Google Scholar

[51] Pred, A. (1967). Behaviour and location: foundations for a geographic and dynamic location theory, Part I. The Royal University of Lund.Search in Google Scholar

[52] Pred, A. (1969). Behaviour and location: foundations for a geographic and dynamic location theory, Part II. The Royal University of Lund.Search in Google Scholar

[53] Rawstron, E. M. (1958). Three principles of industrial location. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 25, 132–142. DOI: 10.2307/621183.10.2307/621183Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[54] Ray, C. (1999). Endogenous Development in the Era of Reflexive Modernity. Journal of Rural Studies 15(3), 257–67. DOI: 10.1016/S0743-0167(98)00072-2.10.1016/S0743-0167(98)00072-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[55] Renner, G. T. (1947). Geography of Industrial Localization. Economic Geography 23(3), 167–189.10.2307/141510Search in Google Scholar

[56] Renner, G. T. (1950). Some Principles and Laws of Economic Geography. Journal of Geography 49(1), 14–22. DOI: 10.1080/00221345008982427.10.1080/00221345008982427Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[57] Roberts, E., Anderson, B. A., Skerratt, S. & Farrington, J. (2017). A review of the rural-digital policy agenda from a community resilience perspective. Journal of Rural Studies 54, 372–385. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.03.001.10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.03.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[58] Sabel, C. (1989). Flexible Specialization and Re-emergence of Regional Economies. In Hirst, P. & Zeitlin, P., eds., Reversing Industrial Decline? Industrial Structure and Policy in Britain and Her Competitors (pp. 17–71). Oxford: Beig Publishers.Search in Google Scholar

[59] Salemink, K., Strijker, D. & Bosworth, G. (2017). Rural development in the digital age: A systematic literature review on unequal ICT availability, adoption, and use in rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies 54, 360–371. DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.001.10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.09.001Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[60] Smith, D. M. (1966). A theoretical framework for geographical studies of industrial location. Economic Geography 42(2), 95–113. DOI: 10.2307/141912.10.2307/141912Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[61] Solana, A. M. (2008). El encanto de lo rural, los términos del debate sobre la emigración hacia áreas rurales desde la geografía británica y las contribuciones españolas. Un estado de la cuestión. Revista bibliográfica de Geografía y ciencias sociales 13(776).Search in Google Scholar

[62] Solé, A., Guirado, C. & Solana, A. M. (2012). Cambios en la dinámica demográfica y migratoria del Pirineo catalán. Análisis sociolaboral de la población extranjera. AGER, Revista de estudios sobre despoblación y desarrollo rural 12, 51–90.Search in Google Scholar

[63] Taylor, P. J. (1989). The Error of Developmentalism in Human Geography. In Gregory, D. & Walford, R., eds., Horizons in Human Geography (pp. 303–319). London: Macmillan. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-19839-9_16.10.1007/978-1-349-19839-9_16Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[64] Tirado, J. G. (2017). La funcionalidad turística de los espacios rurales: conceptualización y factores de desarrollo. Cuadernos Geográficos 56(3), 312–332.Search in Google Scholar

[65] Tulla, A. F. (1983). El modelo de difusión de T. Hägestrand. Una aplicación a la ganadería del Pirineo Catalán. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica 2, 69–160.Search in Google Scholar

[66] Tulla, A. F., Pallarès-Barberà, M. & Vera, A. (2009). Naturbanization and Local Development in the Mountain areas of Catalan Pyrenees. In Prados, J. M., ed., Naturbanization: New Identities and Processes for Rural-Natural Areas (pp. 75–92). London: Taylor & Francis.Search in Google Scholar

[67] Tulla, A. F., Stoica, I. V., Pallarès-Blanch, M. & Zamfir, D. (2017). Can Naturbanization Promote Environmentally Friendly Built-Up Areas? A Comparison between Cadí-Moixeró (Catalonia, Spain) and Comana (Romania) Natural Parks. European Countryside 9(4), 679–708. DOI: 10.1515/euco-2017-0039.10.1515/euco-2017-0039Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[68] Tulla, A. F., Vera, A., Valldeperas, N. & Guirado, C. (2018). Social Return and Economic Viability of Social Farming in Catalonia: A Case-Study Analysis. European Countryside 10(3), 398–428. DOI: 10.2478/euco-2018-0023.10.2478/euco-2018-0023Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[69] Tulla, A. F. (2019). Sustainable Rural Development Requires Value-Added Activities Linked with Comparative Advantage: The Case of the Catalan Pyrenees. European Countryside 11(2), 229–256. DOI: 10.2478/euco-2019-0012.10.2478/euco-2019-0012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

[70] Ventura, F., Milone, P. & Van der Ploeg, J. D. (2010). Understanding Rural Development Dynamics. In Milone, P. & Ventura, F., eds., Networking the Rural. The Future of Green Regions in Europe (pp. 1–29). Assen: Royal Van Gorcum.Search in Google Scholar

[71] Vera, A., Badia, A. & Pallarès-Barberà, M. (2003). La adopción de internet en la red de empresas y la percepción de la nueva economía en comarcas semi-remotas de tradición industrial de Catalunya. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles 36, 129–147.Search in Google Scholar

[72] Vera, A., Badia, A. & Tulla, A. F. (2011). Desarrollo local en el Pirineo Catalán: impulso económico y sostenible del territorio. Finisterra 92, 5–23.Search in Google Scholar

[73] Wilson, G. A. (2007). Multifunctional Agriculture: A Transition Theory Perspective. Wallingford: CAB international.Search in Google Scholar

[74] Alt Urgell Fibra Óptica (2019). https://www.alturgellfibra.cat/index.php/clients/.Search in Google Scholar

[75] Action for Smart Villages (2018). https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sites/agriculture/files/rural-development-2014-2020/looking-ahead/rur-dev-small-villages_en.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

[76] Diari El Segre (2018). https://www.segre.com/es/noticias/lleida/2018/09/07/acuerdo_para_instalar_500_de_fibra_optica_dar_banda_ancha_cada_pueblo_55592_1092.html.Search in Google Scholar

[77] Dones i Món Rural: Neix l’Associació de Dones del Món Rural, Pageses i Ramaderes (2018). https://www.viurealspirineus.cat/articulo/associacions/neix-l-associacio-dones-mon-rural-pageses-i-ramaderes-catalunya/20190121132359013252.html.Search in Google Scholar

[78] Dones ramaderes a Catalunya (2018). https://www.facebook.com/pg/Ramaderescat-787838001413853/posts/?ref=page_internal.Search in Google Scholar

[79] ENRD Publications (2018). https://enrd.ec.europa.eu and http://bookdhop.europa.eu.Search in Google Scholar

[80] Fundació Observatori per la Societat de la Informació de Catalunya (2004). Encuesta sobre la penetración de las tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación en las empresas de 10 o más trabajadores de Catalunya (2003). Generalitat de Catalunya.Search in Google Scholar

[81] Fundació Observatori per la Societat de la Informació de Catalunya (2010). Encuesta sobre el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y del comercio electrónico en las empresas de Catalunya 2005–2009. Generalitat de Catalunya.Search in Google Scholar

[82] Government of Catalonia (2017). Baròmetre de la Innovació a Catalunya 2014 a 2017. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.Search in Google Scholar

[83] Ganaderas en Red (2017). https://www.facebook.com/GanaderasenRed/.Search in Google Scholar

[84] Grifone – Tèxtil La Seu S.A. http://www.grifone.eu (Consulta 15/05/2012).Search in Google Scholar

[85] Grifone, nueva etapa (2018). https://www.modaes.es/empresa/grifone-nueva-etapa-dosex-directivos-de-la-empresa-compran-la-marca-para-convertirla-en-el-nuevo-moncler.html.Search in Google Scholar

[86] Heraldo de Aragón (2018). https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/huesca/2018/11/26/benasque-activa-proyecto-europeo-para-uso-drones-economia-montana-1279732-2261127.html (consulted 14/03/2019).Search in Google Scholar

[87] Idescat (2012). Uso de TIC y del comercio electrónico en las empresas. http://www.idescat.cat/es/economia/tice.html (Consulta 15/05/2012).Search in Google Scholar

[88] Institut per al desenvolupament I la promoció de l’Alt Pirineu i Aran (2009). Primeres jornades econòmiques de l’Alt Pirineu i Aran. L’economia pirinenca avui: oportunitats en temps de crisi. Talarn – 3 de diciembre de 2009.Search in Google Scholar

[89] Instituto de Estadística de España (2016a). Encuesta sobre el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (ICT). Madrid: INE.Search in Google Scholar

[90] Instituto de Estadística de España (2016b). Comercio electrónico en las empresas para el año 2016. Madrid: INE.Search in Google Scholar

[91] Informe Brundtland (1987) Informe de la Comisión Mundial sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo. Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, 4-08-1987.Search in Google Scholar

[92] Oficina de marques del Principat d’Andorra. Bases de dades OMPA (2002). http://www.ompa.ad (Consulta 15/05/2012).Search in Google Scholar

[93] Ogilvy in the Seu d’Urgell (2018). https://www.ara.cat/economia/Ogilvy-installa-Urgell-contracta-desenvolupadors_0_2070992898.html.Search in Google Scholar

[94] Rural Development Programmes (2018). https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/policy-in-action/rural-development-policy-figures/rdp-summaries_en.Search in Google Scholar

[95] Smart Villages (2018). https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/enrd-thematic-work/smart-and-competitive-rural-areas_en.Search in Google Scholar

[96] RuralNet (2003). https://www.computerworld.es/archive/ruralnet-dara-acceso-de-bandaancha-al-alto-pirineo-catalan.Search in Google Scholar