The Transition of Son Preference: Evidence from Southeast Asian Countries

Abrevaya, J. (2009). Are there missing girls in the United States? Evidence from birth data. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(2), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.2.110.1257/app.1.2.1 Search in Google Scholar

Alesina, A., Giuliano, P., & Nunn, N. (2013). On the origins of gender roles: Women and the plough. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(2), 469–530.10.1093/qje/qjt005 Search in Google Scholar

Almond, D., & Edlund, L. (2008). Son-biased sex ratios in the 2000 United States Census. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(15), 5681–5682. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.080070310510.1073/pnas.0800703105 Search in Google Scholar

Almond, D., Edlund, L., & Milligan, K. (2013). Son Preference and the Persistence of Culture: Evidence from South and East Asian Immigrants to Canada. Population and Development Review, 39(1), 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00574.x10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00574.x Search in Google Scholar

Altindag, O. (2016). Son Preference, Fertility Decline, and the Nonmissing Girls of Turkey. Demography, 53(2), 541–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0455-010.1007/s13524-016-0455-0 Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, S. (2007). The economics of dowry and brideprice. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(4), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.21.4.15110.1257/jep.21.4.151 Search in Google Scholar

Andersson, G., Hank, K., Rønsen, M., & Vikat, A. (2006). Gendering family composition: Sex preferences for children and childbearing behavior in the Nordic countries. Demography, 43(2), 255–267. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2006.001010.1353/dem.2006.0010 Search in Google Scholar

Arnold, F., Choe, M. K., & Roy, T. K. (1998). Son preference, the family-building process and child mortality in india. Population Studies, 52(3), 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/003247203100015048610.1080/0032472031000150486 Search in Google Scholar

Asadullah, M. N., Mansoor, N., Randazzo, T., & Wahhaj, Z. (2021). Is son preference disappearing from Bangladesh? World Development, 140, 105353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.10535310.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105353 Search in Google Scholar

Azimi, E. (2015). The effect of children on female labor force participation in urban Iran. IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 4(1), 5.10.1186/s40175-015-0030-x Search in Google Scholar

Baker, M., & Milligan, K. (2010). Evidence from maternity leave expansions of the impact of maternal care on early child development. Journal of Human Resources, 45(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.45.1.110.3368/jhr.45.1.1 Search in Google Scholar

Baker, M., & Milligan, K. (2016). Boy-girl differences in parental time investments: Evidence from three countries. Journal of Human Capital, 10(4), 399–441. https://doi.org/10.1086/68889910.1086/688899 Search in Google Scholar

Barcellos, S. H., Carvalho, L. S., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2014). Child gender and parental investments in india: Are boys and girls treated differently? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 6(1 A), 157–189. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.6.1.15710.1257/app.6.1.157 Search in Google Scholar

Bauer, P., & Riphahn, R. T. (2007). Heterogeneity in the intergenerational transmission of educational attainment: evidence from Switzerland on natives and second-generation immigrants. Journal of Population Economics, 20(1), 121–148.10.1007/s00148-005-0056-5 Search in Google Scholar

Bhalotra, S., Brulé, R., & Roy, S. (2020). Women’s inheritance rights reform and the preference for sons in India. Journal of Development Economics, 146, 102275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.08.00110.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.08.001 Search in Google Scholar

Bhalotra, S., & Rawlings, S. (2013). Gradients of the intergenerational transmission of health in developing countries. Review of Economics and Statistics, 95(2), 660–672. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_0026310.1162/REST_a_00263 Search in Google Scholar

Bharadwaj, P., & Lakdawala, L. K. (2013). Discrimination begins in the womb: Evidence of sex-selective prenatal investments. Journal of Human Resources, 48(1), 71–113. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.48.1.7110.3368/jhr.48.1.71 Search in Google Scholar

Bhaskar, V. (2011). Sex selection and gender balance. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 3(1), 214–244. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.3.1.21410.1257/mic.3.1.214 Search in Google Scholar

Blau, F. D., Kahn, L. M., Brummund, P., Cook, J., & Larson-Koester, M. (2020). Is there still son preference in the United States? Journal of Population Economics, 33(3), 709–750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-019-00760-710.1007/s00148-019-00760-7 Search in Google Scholar

Boserup, E., Kanji, N., Tan, S. F., & Toulmin, C. (2013). Woman’s role in economic development. In Woman’s Role in Economic Development. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/978131506589210.4324/9781315065892 Search in Google Scholar

Carranza, E. (2012). Islamic Inheritance Law, Son Preference and Fertility Behavior of Muslim Couples in Indonesia. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-597210.1596/1813-9450-5972 Search in Google Scholar

Chai Bin Park, & Nam-Hoon Cho. (1995). Consequences of son preference in a low-fertility society: imbalance of the sex ratio at birth in Korea. Population & Development Review, 21(1), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/213741310.2307/2137413 Search in Google Scholar

Chakraborty, T., & Kim, S. (2010). Kinship institutions and sex ratios in India. Demography, 47(4), 989–1012. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0321373610.1007/BF03213736 Search in Google Scholar

Chen, Y., Li, H., & Meng, L. (2013). Prenatal sex selection and missing girls in China: Evidence from the diffusion of diagnostic ultrasound. Journal of Human Resources, 48(1), 36–70. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.48.1.3610.3368/jhr.48.1.36 Search in Google Scholar

Choi, E. J., & Hwang, J. (2020). Transition of Son Preference: Evidence From South Korea. Demography, 57(2), 627–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00863-x10.1007/s13524-020-00863-x Search in Google Scholar

Choi, E. J., & Hwang, J. (2015). Child gender and parental inputs: No more son preference in Korea? American Economic Review, 105(5), 638–643. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.p2015111810.1257/aer.p20151118 Search in Google Scholar

Dahl, G. B., & Moretti, E. (2008). The Demand for Sons. Review of Economic Studies, 75(4), 1085–1120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2008.00514.x10.1111/j.1467-937X.2008.00514.x Search in Google Scholar

Das Gupta, M., Jiang, Z., Li, B., Xie, Z., Woojin, C., & Bae, H. O. (2003a). Why is son preference so persistent in East and South Asia? A cross-country study of China, India and the Republic of Korea. Journal of Development Studies, 40(2), 153–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022038041233129380710.1080/00220380412331293807 Search in Google Scholar

Das Gupta, M., Jiang, Z., Li, B., Xie, Z., Woojin, C., & Bae, H. O. (2003b). Why is son preference so persistent in East and South Asia? A cross-country study of China, India and the Republic of Korea. Journal of Development Studies, 40(2), 153–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022038041233129380710.1080/00220380412331293807 Search in Google Scholar

Doepke, M., & Tertilt, M. (2009). Women’s Liberation: What’s in It for Men? *. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(4), 1541–1591. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2009.124.4.154110.1162/qjec.2009.124.4.1541 Search in Google Scholar

Dribe, M., Breschi, M., Gagnon, A., Gauvreau, D., Hanson, H. A., Maloney, T. N., Mazzoni, S., Molitoris, J., Pozzi, L., Smith, K. R., & Vézina, H. (2017). Socio-economic status and fertility decline: Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America. Population Studies, 71(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2016.125385710.1080/00324728.2016.1253857 Search in Google Scholar

Duan, H., & Hicks, D. L. (2020). New evidence on son preference among immigrant households in the United States. IZA Journal of Development and Migration, 11(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2020-001410.2478/izajodm-2020-0014 Search in Google Scholar

Dubuc, S., & Coleman, D. (2007). An Increase in the Sex Ratio of Births to India-born Mothers in England and Wales: Evidence for Sex-Selective Abortion. Population and Development Review, 33(2), 383–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00173.x10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00173.x Search in Google Scholar

Dyson, T., & Moore, M. (1983). On kinship structure, female autonomy, and demographic behavior in India. Population & Development Review, 9(1), 35–60. https://doi.org/10.2307/197289410.2307/1972894 Search in Google Scholar

Ebenstein, A., & Leung, S. (2010). Son Preference and Access to Social Insurance: Evidence from China’s Rural Pension Program. Population and Development Review, 36(1), 47–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00317.x10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00317.x Search in Google Scholar

Fernández, R. (2013). Cultural change as learning: The evolution of female labor force participation over a century. American Economic Review, 103(1), 472–500. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.1.47210.1257/aer.103.1.472 Search in Google Scholar

Fernandez, R., & Fogli, A. (2009). Culture: An empirical investigation of beliefs, work, and fertility. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 1(1), 146–177.10.1257/mac.1.1.146 Search in Google Scholar

Fernández, R., & Fogli, A. (2006). Fertility: The role of culture and family experience. Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(2–3), 552–561.10.1162/jeea.2006.4.2-3.552 Search in Google Scholar

Forbes, K. J. (2000). A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth. American Economic Review, 90(4), 869–887. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.4.86910.1257/aer.90.4.869 Search in Google Scholar

Foroutan, Y., & Ashkaran, R. (2019). Demographic and Socio-Cultural Study of Gender Preference in Iran. In Journal of Applied Sociology (Vol. 29, Issue 72). University of Isfahan. https://doi.org/10.22108/JAS.2018.104836.1134 Search in Google Scholar

Greenwood, J., Seshadri, A., & Yorukoglu, M. (2005). Engines of Liberation. The Review of Economic Studies, 72(1), 109–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.0032610.1111/0034-6527.00326 Search in Google Scholar

Guo, R., & Zhang, J. (2020). The Effects of Children’s Gender Composition on Filial Piety and Old- Age Support*. The Economic Journal, 130(632), 2497–2525. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaa02710.1093/ej/ueaa027 Search in Google Scholar

Hamoudi, A., & Nobles, J. (2014). Do Daughters Really Cause Divorce? Stress, Pregnancy, and Family Composition. Demography, 51(4), 1423–1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-014-0305-x10.1007/s13524-014-0305-x Search in Google Scholar

Human Development Reports. (2020). Gender Inequality Index (GII) | Human Development Reports. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/gender-inequality-index-gii Search in Google Scholar

Hussain, R., Fikree, F. F., & Berendes, H. W. (2000). The role of son preference in reproductive behaviour in Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(3), 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862000000300014 Search in Google Scholar

Ichino, A., Lindström, E. A., & Viviano, E. (2014). Hidden consequences of a first-born boy for mothers. Economics Letters, 123(3), 274–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.03.00110.1016/j.econlet.2014.03.001 Search in Google Scholar

Jayachandran, S. (2015). The Roots of Gender Inequality in Developing Countries. Annual Review of Economics, 7(1), 63–88. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-11540410.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115404 Search in Google Scholar

Jayachandran, S., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2009). Life Expectancy and Human Capital Investments: Evidence from Maternal Mortality Declines *. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(1), 349–397. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2009.124.1.34910.1162/qjec.2009.124.1.349 Search in Google Scholar

Junhong, C. (2001). Prenatal sex determination and sex-selective abortion in rural central China. Population and Development Review, 27(2), 259–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2001.00259.x10.1111/j.1728-4457.2001.00259.x Search in Google Scholar

Kabeer, N., Huq, L., & Mahmud, S. (2014). Diverging Stories of “Missing Women” in South Asia: Is Son Preference Weakening in Bangladesh? Feminist Economics, 20(4), 138–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2013.85742310.1080/13545701.2013.857423 Search in Google Scholar

Kashyap, R., & Villavicencio, F. (2016). The Dynamics of Son Preference, Technology Diffusion, and Fertility Decline Underlying Distorted Sex Ratios at Birth: A Simulation Approach. Demography, 53(5), 1261–1281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0500-z10.1007/s13524-016-0500-z Search in Google Scholar

Kaushal, N., & Muchomba, F. M. (2018). Missing time with parents: son preference among Asians in the USA. Journal of Population Economics, 31(2), 397–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-017-0668-610.1007/s00148-017-0668-6 Search in Google Scholar

Khan, M. A., & Sirageldin, I. (1977). Son preference and the demand for additional children in pakistan. Demography, 14(4), 481–495. https://doi.org/10.2307/206059110.2307/2060591 Search in Google Scholar

Kim, S., & Lee, S. H. (2020). Son Preference and Fertility Decisions: Evidence From Spatiotemporal Variation in Korea. Demography, 57(3), 927–951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00875-710.1007/s13524-020-00875-7 Search in Google Scholar

Kishore, A., & Spears, D. (2014). Having a Son Promotes Clean Cooking Fuel Use in Urban India: Women’s Status and Son Preference. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 62(4), 673–699. https://doi.org/10.1086/67633010.1086/676330 Search in Google Scholar

Koolwal, G. B. (2007). Son Preference and Child Labor in Nepal: The Household Impact of Sending Girls to Work. World Development, 35(5), 881–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.01.00110.1016/j.worlddev.2007.01.001 Search in Google Scholar

Kureishi, W., & Wakabayashi, M. (2009). Son preference in Japan. Journal of Population Economics 2009 24:3, 24(3), 873–893. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00148-009-0282-310.1007/s00148-009-0282-3 Search in Google Scholar

Kureishi, W., & Wakabayashi, M. (2011). Son preference in Japan. Journal of Population Economics, 24(3), 873–893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-009-0282-310.1007/s00148-009-0282-3 Search in Google Scholar

Lei, X., Shen, Y., Smith, J. P., & Zhou, G. (2017). Sibling gender composition’s effect on education: evidence from China. Journal of Population Economics, 30(2), 569–590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-016-0614-z10.1007/s00148-016-0614-z Search in Google Scholar

Li, X., Chan, M. W. L., Spencer, B. G., & Yang, W. (2016). Does the marriage market sex ratio affect parental sex selection? Evidence from the Chinese census. Journal of Population Economics, 29(4), 1063–1082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-016-0599-710.1007/s00148-016-0599-7 Search in Google Scholar

Lundberg, S. (2005). Sons, Daughters, and Parental Behaviour. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 21(3), 340–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/gri02010.1093/oxrep/gri020 Search in Google Scholar

Malak, N., Rahman, M. M., & Yip, T. A. (2019). Baby bonus, anyone? Examining heterogeneous responses to a pro-natalist policy. Journal of Population Economics, 32(4), 1205–1246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-019-00731-y10.1007/s00148-019-00731-y Search in Google Scholar

Milazzo, A. (2014). Son Preference, Fertility and Family Structure: Evidence from Reproductive Behavior among Nigerian Women. The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-686910.1596/1813-9450-6869 Search in Google Scholar

Milazzo, A. (2018). Why are adult women missing? Son preference and maternal survival in India. Journal of Development Economics, 134, 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.00910.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.06.009 Search in Google Scholar

Miller, B. D. (1987). Female Infanticide and Child Neglect in Rural North India. In Child Survival (pp. 95–112). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3393-4_510.1007/978-94-009-3393-4_5 Search in Google Scholar

Minnesota Population Center. (2020). Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.3 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.2 Search in Google Scholar

Mitra, A. (2014). Son Preference in India: Implications for Gender Development. In Journal of Economic Issues (Vol. 48, Issue 4, pp. 1021–1037). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624480408 Search in Google Scholar

Muchomba, F. M., & Chatterji, S. (2020). Disability among children of immigrants from India and China: Is there excess disability among girls? Population Studies, 74(2), 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.176291110.1080/00324728.2020.1762911 Search in Google Scholar

Noghani, F., & Noghanibehambari, H. (2019). Product Market Competition, Corporate Governance, And Managerial Slack: Evidence from Trade Liberalization. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.33423/jlae.v16i4.237210.33423/jlae.v16i4.2372 Search in Google Scholar

NoghaniBehambari, H., Noghani, F., & Tavassoli, N. (2020). Early Life Income Shocks and Old-Age Cause-Specific Mortality. Economic Analysis, 53(2), 1–19. Search in Google Scholar

Noghanibehambari, H., & Rahnamamoghadam, M. (2020). Is income inequality reflected in consumption inequality in Iran? Middle East Development Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/17938120.2020.177048810.1080/17938120.2020.1770488 Search in Google Scholar

Noghanibehambari, Hamid, Noghani, F., & Tavassoli, N. (2020). Child Support Enforcement and Child Mortality. Applied Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.186915710.1080/13504851.2020.1869157 Search in Google Scholar

Noghanibehambari, Hamid, & Salari, M. (2020). Health benefits of social insurance. Health Economics, 29(12), 1813–1822. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.417010.1002/hec.4170 Search in Google Scholar

Noghanibehambari, Hamid, Tavassoli, N., & Noghani, F. (2020a). Intergenerational Transmission of Culture among First- and Second-Generation Immigrants: The Case of Age at First Birth and Nonmarital Childbirth. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.12738.40641 Search in Google Scholar

Noghanibehambari, Hamid, Tavassoli, N., & Noghani, F. (2020b). Intergenerational transmission of culture among immigrants: Gender gap in education among first and second generations. Journal of Economics and Political Economy, 7(4), 284–318. https://doi.org/10.1453/JEPE.V7I4.2145 Search in Google Scholar

Odimegwu, C. O., Akinyemi, J. O., & De Wet, N. (2017). Premarital birth, children’s sex composition and marital instability among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Population Research, 34(4), 327–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-017-9193-410.1007/s12546-017-9193-4 Search in Google Scholar

Osmani, S., & Sen, A. (2003). The hidden penalties of gender inequality: Fetal origins of ill-health. Economics and Human Biology, 1(1), 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-677X(02)00006-010.1016/S1570-677X(02)00006-0 Search in Google Scholar

Oswald, A. J., & Powdthavee, N. (2010). Daughters and left-wing voting. Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(2), 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.2010.1143610.1162/rest.2010.11436 Search in Google Scholar

Palloni, G. (2017). Childhood health and the wantedness of male and female children. Journal of Development Economics, 126, 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.11.00510.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.11.005 Search in Google Scholar

Pollmann-Schult, M. (2017). Sons, Daughters, and the Parental Division of Paid Work and Housework. Journal of Family Issues, 38(1), 100–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X1559357710.1177/0192513X15593577 Search in Google Scholar

Qian, N. (2008). Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China: The Effect of Sex-Specific Earnings on Sex Imbalance *. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(3), 1251–1285. https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.3.125110.1162/qjec.2008.123.3.1251 Search in Google Scholar

Rao, V. (1993). The rising price of husbands: a hedonic analysis of dowry increases in rural India. Journal of Political Economy, 101(4), 666–677. https://doi.org/10.1086/26189210.1086/261892 Search in Google Scholar

Read, J. G., & Gorman, B. K. (2010). Gender and Health Inequality. Annual Review of Sociology, 36(1), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.10253510.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102535 Search in Google Scholar

Salari, M., Javid, R. J., & Noghanibehambari, H. (2021). The nexus between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in the U.S. Economic Analysis and Policy, 69, 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2020.12.00710.1016/j.eap.2020.12.007 Search in Google Scholar

Seguino, S. (2000). Gender inequality and economic growth: A cross-country analysis. World Development, 28(7), 1211–1230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00018-810.1016/S0305-750X(00)00018-8 Search in Google Scholar

Seguino, S. (2011). Gender inequality and economic growth: A reply to schober and winter-ebmer. World Development, 39(8), 1485–1487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.00210.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.002 Search in Google Scholar

Suarez, P. A. (2018). Child-bride marriage and female welfare. European Journal of Law and Economics, 45(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-017-9562-710.1007/s10657-017-9562-7 Search in Google Scholar

Sun, A., Zhang, C., & Hu, X. (2019). Boys, Girls, and Grandparents: The Impact of the Sex of Preschool-Aged Children on Family Living Arrangements and Maternal Labor Supply. Demography, 56(3), 813–833. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-019-00783-510.1007/s13524-019-00783-5 Search in Google Scholar

Toranji, M., Noghanibehambari, H., Noghani, F., & Tavassoli, N. (2020). A Game Theoretic Approach in Bidding Strategy in Iran Wholesale Electricity Market. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 22(11). https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v22i11.374910.33423/jabe.v22i11.3749 Search in Google Scholar

Wang, S.-C., Sung, W.-W., Kao, Y.-L., Hsieh, T.-Y., Chen, W.-J., Chen, S.-L., & Chang, H.-R. (2017). The gender difference and mortality-to-incidence ratio relate to health care disparities in bladder cancer: National estimates from 33 countries. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 4360.10.1038/s41598-017-04083-z Search in Google Scholar

World Bank. (2020). GDP per capita (current US$) | Data. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD Search in Google Scholar

Yamamura, E. (2013). Effects of sex preference and social pressure on fertility in changing Japanese families. Journal of Socio-Economics, 46, 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2013.08.00210.1016/j.socec.2013.08.002 Search in Google Scholar

Yoo, S. H., Hayford, S. R., & Agadjanian, V. (2017). Old Habits Die Hard? Lingering Son Preference in an Era of Normalizing Sex Ratios at Birth in South Korea. Population Research and Policy Review, 36(1), 25–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-016-9405-110.1007/s11113-016-9405-1 Search in Google Scholar

Zaidi, B., & Morgan, S. P. (2016). In the Pursuit of Sons: Additional Births or Sex-Selective Abortion in Pakistan? Population and Development Review, 42(4), 693–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.1200210.1111/padr.12002 Search in Google Scholar