Exposure of children to allergenic trees near primary schools in Mila city, Northeastern Algeria

Urban trees play a crucial role in providing ecosystem services and promoting mental and physical health, particularly among urban populations. However, certain tree species, such as allergenic trees, can exacerbate airway diseases in local populations, especially in vulnerable groups such as children. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine the extent to which children in primary schools in Mila city are exposed to allergenic tree species. Exposure was assessed by examining the proximity of primary schools to allergenic trees and their species diversity within 100, 200 and 300 m buffer zones around these schools. Based on the results, Mila city is estimated to have 968 allergenic trees of 27 species and belonging to12 botanical families. Citywide, 10 primary schools with a total enrollment of 2,770 students were located within 100 m of allergenic tree species; 6 primary schools were within a distance of 100-200 m and only one primary school was at a distance greater than 200 m. Considering the allergenic potential of the tree species, 38 trees, representing 82.6% of all trees within the 100 m buffer zone, exhibited a high to very high allergenic potential, whereas only 8 trees (17.4%) had low allergenicity. The results of this study should inform a comprehensive decision-making process, guide policies and interventions to mitigate allergen exposure in schools and promote a healthier environment for children in Mila city.