[
Aharoni R, Schottlender N, Bar-Lev DD, Eilam R, Sela M, Tsoory M, Arnon R. Cognitive impairment in an animal model of multiple sclerosis and its amelioration by glatiramer acetate. Sci Rep 9, 1–15, 2019.10.1038/s41598-019-40713-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Amato MP, Prestipino E, Bellinvia A, Niccolai C, Razzolini L, Pasto L, Fratangelo R, Tudisco L, Fonderico M, Mattiolo PL. Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: An exploratory analysis of environmental and lifestyle risk factors. PloS One 14, e0222929, 2019.10.1371/journal.pone.0222929
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bartalucci A, Ferrucci M, Fulceri F, Lazzeri G, Lenzi P, Toti L, Serpiello FR, La Torre A, Gesi M. High-intensity exercise training produces morphological and biochemical changes in adrenal gland of mice. Histol Histopathol 27, 753–769, 2012.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bermudez-Rattoni F. Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging, Boca Raton (FL), CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, 2007.10.1201/9781420008418
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bernardes D, Brambilla R, Bracchi-Ricard V, Karmally S, Dellarole A, Carvalho-Tavares J, Bethea JR. Prior regular exercise improves clinical outcome and reduces demyelination and axonal injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 136, 63–73, 2016.10.1111/jnc.13354
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Burfeind KG, Yadav V, Marks DL. Hypothalamic dysfunction and multiple sclerosis: implications for fatigue and weight dysregulation. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 16, 1–11, 2016.10.1007/s11910-016-0700-3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Buuck RJ, Tharp GD. Effect of chronic exercise on adrenocortical function and structure in the rat. J Appl Physiol 31, 880–883, 1971.10.1152/jappl.1971.31.6.880
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Buuck RJ, Tharp GD, Brumbaugh J. Effects of chronic exercise on the ultrastructure of the adrenocortical cells in the rat. Cell Tiss Res 168, 261–270, 1976.10.1007/BF00215882
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Caliskan H, Akat F, Tatar Y, Zaloglu N, Dursun AD, Bastug M, Ficicilar H. Effects of exercise training on anxiety in diabetic rats. Behav Brain Res 376, 112084, 2019.10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112084
]Search in Google Scholar
[
D’Intino G, Paradisi M, Fernandez M, Giuliani A, Aloe L, Giardino L, Calza L. Cognitive deficit associated with cholinergic and nerve growth factor down-regulation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. Proc Nat Acad Sci 102, 3070–3075, 2005.10.1073/pnas.0500073102
]Search in Google Scholar
[
De Kloet ER, Oitzl MS, Joels M. Stress and cognition: are corticosteroids good or bad guys? Trends Neurosci 22, 422–426, 1999.10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01438-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Donia M, Mangano K, Quattrocchi C, Fagone P, Signorelli S, Magro G, Sfacteria A, Bendtzen K, Nicoletti F. Specific and strain-independent effects of dexamethasone in the prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rodents. Scand J Immunol 72, 396–407, 2010.10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02451.x21039734
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dos Santos N, Novaes LS, Dragunas G, Rodrigues JR, Brandao W, Camarini R, Peron JPS, Munhoz CD. High dose of dexamethasone protects against EAE-induced motor deficits but impairs learning/memory in C57BL/6 mice. Sci Rep 9, 1–13, 2019.10.1038/s41598-019-43217-3649162031040362
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gjerstad JK, Lightman SL, Spiga F. Role of glucocorticoid negative feedback in the regulation of HPA axis pulsatility. Stress 21, 403–416, 2018.10.1080/10253890.2018.1470238622075229764284
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Glassman G. Understanding CrossFit. East Valley Crossfit Newsletter 1, 1–115, 2010.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gold SM, Sasidhar MV, Lagishetty V, Spence RD, Umeda E, Ziehn MO, Krieger T, Schulz K-H, Heesen C, Hewison M. Dynamic development of glucocorticoid resistance during autoimmune neuroinflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Met 97, E1402–E1410, 2012.10.1210/jc.2012-1294341026522659246
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hayes K, Sprague S, Guo M, Davis W, Friedman A, Kumar A, Jimenez DF, Ding Y. Forced, not voluntary, exercise effectively induces neuroprotection in stroke. Acta Neuropathol 115, 289–296, 2008.10.1007/s00401-008-0340-z266864518210137
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Heesen C, Gold S, Huitinga I, Reul J. Stress and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function in experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis – a review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32, 604–618, 2007.10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.05.00217602841
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kim EJ, Pellman B, Kim JJ. Stress effects on the hippocampus: a critical review. Learning Memory 22, 411–416, 2015.10.1101/lm.037291.114456140326286651
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kim TW, Sung YH. Regular exercise promotes memory function and enhances hippocampal neuroplasticity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Neuroscience 346, 173–181, 2017.10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.01628108255
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kinni H, Guo M, Ding JY, Konakondla S, Dornbos IIID, Tran R, Guthikonda M, Ding Y. Cerebral metabolism after forced or voluntary physical exercise. Brain Res 1388, 48–55, 2011.10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.07621396919
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kurkowska-Jastrzebska I, Swiatkiewicz M, Zaremba M, Cudna A, Piechal A, Pyrzanowska J, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E, Czlonkowska A. Neurodegeneration and inflammation in hippocampus in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced in rats by one–time administration of encephalitogenic T cells. Neuroscience 248, 690–698, 2013.10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.02523806721
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kyrou I, Tsigos C. Stress mechanisms and metabolic complications. Horm Metab Res 39, 430–438, 2007.10.1055/s-2007-981462
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J, MacPherson K, Rockwood K. Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol 58, 498–504, 2001.10.1001/archneur.58.3.498
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mandolesi G, Grasselli G, Musumeci G, Centonze D. Cognitive deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: neuroinflammation and synaptic degeneration. Neurol Sci 31, 255–259, 2010.10.1007/s10072-010-0369-3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mandolesi L, Polverino A, Montuori S, Foti F, Ferraioli G, Sorrentino P, Sorrentino G. Effects of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and wellbeing: biological and psychological benefits. Front Psychol 9, 509, 2018.10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McGaugh JL. The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences. Ann Rev Neurosci 27, 1–28, 2004.10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144157
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McIntyre CK, Roozendaal B. Chapter 13. Adrenal Stress Hormones and Enhanced Memory for Emotionally Arousing Experiences. In: Bermudez-Rattoni F (Ed.). Neural Plasticity and Memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging. Boca Raton (FL), CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2007.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Miler D. A closure looks on mechanism of corticosteroids. Ann Clin Lab Res 6, 64, 2021.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rahn EJ, Iannitti T, Donahue RR, Taylor BK. Sex differences in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis: neuropathic pain behavior in females but not males and protection from neurological deficits during proestrus. Biology Sex Differ 5, 1–18, 2014.10.1186/2042-6410-5-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Reder AT, Makowiec RL, Lowy MT. Adrenal size is increased in multiple sclerosis. Archives Neurol 51, 151–154, 1994.10.1001/archneur.1994.00540140057015
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ring GC, Bosch M, Lo CS. Effects of exercise on growth, resting metabolism, and body composition of Fischer rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 133, 1162–1165, 1970.10.3181/00379727-133-34645
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Roozendaal B, Barsegyan A, Lee S. Adrenal stress hormones, amygdala activation, and memory for emotionally arousing experiences. Progr Brain Res 167, 79–97, 2007.10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67006-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rossi S, Furlan R, De Chiara V, Musella A, Giudice TL, Mataluni G, Cavasinni F, Cantarella C, Bernardi G, Muzio L. Exercise attenuates the clinical, synaptic and dendritic abnormalities of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurobiol Dis 36, 51–59, 2009.10.1016/j.nbd.2009.06.01319591937
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Smith SM, Vale WW. The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress. Dial Clin Neurosci 8, 383, 2006.10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.4/ssmith
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Stults-Kolehmainen MA, Sinha R. The effects of stress on physical activity and exercise. Sports Med 44, 81–121, 2014.10.1007/s40279-013-0090-5389430424030837
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sun JJ, Ren QG, Xu L, Zhang ZJ. LINGO-1 antibody ameliorates myelin impairment and spatial memory deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. Sci Rep 5, 1–12, 2015.10.1038/srep14235458563926383267
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tong L, Shen H, Perreau VM, Balazs R, Cotman CW. Effects of exercise on gene-expression profile in the rat hippo-campus. Neurobiol Dis 8, 1046–1056, 2001.10.1006/nbdi.2001.042711741400
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wootla B, Eriguchi M, Rodriguez M. Is multiple sclerosis an autoimmune disease? Autoimmune Dis 2012, 969657, 2012.10.1155/2012/969657336199022666554
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ziehn MO, Avedisian AA, Tiwari-Woodruff S, Voskuhl RR. Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE. Lab Invest 90, 774–786, 2010.10.1038/labinvest.2010.6303377220157291
]Search in Google Scholar
