Changes in Snowbed Vegetation in the Western Carpathians Under Changing Climatic Conditions and Land Use in the Last Decades

Abeli, T., Rossi, G., Gentili, R., Mondoni, A. & Cristofanelli P. (2012). Response of alpine plant flower production to temperature and snow cover fluctuation at the species range boundary. Plant Ecol., 213, 1–13. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-011-0001-5.10.1007/s11258-011-0001-5Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Austrheim, G., Mysterud, A., Hassel, K., Evju, M. & Okland R.H. (2007). Interactions between sheep, rodents, graminoids, and bryophytes in an oceanic alpine ecosystem of low productivity. Ecoscience, 14, 178–187. DOI:10.2980/1195-6860(2007)14[178:IBSRGA]2.0.CO;2.10.2980/1195-6860(2007)14[178:IBSRGA]2.0.CO;2Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Balabukh, V.O. & Lukianets O.I. (2015). Zmina klimatu ta yoho naslidky u Rakhivskomu rayoni Zakarpatskoyi oblasti. Hydrol. Hydrochem. Hydroecol., 37, 132–148.Search in Google Scholar

Baur, B., Cremene, C., Groza, G., Schileyko, A.A., Baur, A. & Erhardt A. (2007). Intensified grazing affects endemic plant and gastropod diversity in alpine grasslands of the Southern Carpathian mountains (Romania). Biologia (Bratislava), 62, 438−445. DOI: 10.2478/s11756-007-0086-4.10.2478/s11756-007-0086-4Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bohuš, I. (1966). History of Liptov Tatras (in Slovak). Tatranská Lomnica: ŠL Tanap-u.Search in Google Scholar

Braun-Blanquet, J. (1964). Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. Wien & New York: Springer Verlag.10.1007/978-3-7091-8110-2Search in Google Scholar

Britton, A.J., Beale, C.M., Towers, W. & Hewison R.L. (2009). Biodiversity gains and losses: evidence for homogenisation of Scottish alpine vegetation. Biol. Conserv., 142, 1728–1739. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.010.10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.010Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bruelheide, H. (2003). Translocation of a montane meadow to simulate the potential impact of climate change. Appl. Veg. Sci., 6, 23−24. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2003.tb00561.x.10.1111/j.1654-109X.2003.tb00561.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Cannone, N., Sgorbati, S. & Guglielmin M. (2007). Unexpected impacts of climate change on alpine vegetation. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5, 360–364. DOI : 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[360:UIOCCO ]2.0.CO;2.10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[360:UIOCCO]2.0.CO;2Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Carbognani, M., Tomaselli, M. & Patraglia A. (2014). Current vegetation changes in an alpine late snowbed community in the south-eastern Alps (N-Italy). Alpine Botany, 124, 105–113. DOI: 10.1007/s00035-014-0135-x.10.1007/s00035-014-0135-xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Catorci, A., Gatti, R. & Cesaretti S. (2012). Effect of sheep and horse grazing on species and functional composition of sub-Mediterranean grasslands. Appl. Veg. Sci., 15, 459–469. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2012.01197.x.10.1111/j.1654-109X.2012.01197.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Coldea, G. (2003). The alpine flora and vegetation of the southeastern Carpathians. In L. Nagy, G. Grabherr, Ch. Korner & D.B.A. Thompson (Eds.), Alpine biodiversity in Europe (pp. 65–73). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Cook, W. (1966). Factors affecting utilization of mountain slopes by cattle. J. Range Manag., 19, 200−204. DOI: 10.2307/3895647.10.2307/3895647Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Crofts, A. & Jefferson R.G. (Eds.) (1999). The lowland grassland management. Peterborough: English Nature/The Wildlife Trusts.Search in Google Scholar

Czortek, P., Kapfer, J., Delimat, A., Eycott, A.M., Grytnes, J.-A., Orczewska, A., Ratyńska, H., Zieba, A. & Jaroszewicz B. (2018). Plant species composition shifts in the Tatra Mts as a response to environmental change: a resurvey study after 90 years. Folia Geobot., 53, 333−348. DOI: 10.1007/s12224-018-9312-9.10.1007/s12224-018-9312-9Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Čepčeková, E. (2013). Atmospheric precipitation and storms (in Slovak). In S. Bičárová (Ed.), Observatory of SAS at Skalnaté pleso. 70 years of meteorological measurements (pp. 37–42). Stará Lesná: Geofyzikálny ústav SAV.Search in Google Scholar

Dahl, E. (1998). The phytogeography of Northern Europe: British Isles, Fennoscandia, and Adjacent Areas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511565182Search in Google Scholar

Daniēls, F.J.A., Molenaar, J.G., Chytrý, M. & Tichý L. (2011). Vegetation change in Southeast Greenland? Tasiilaq revisited after 40 years. Appl. Veg. Sci., 14, 230–241. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-109X.2010.01107.x.10.1111/j.1654-109X.2010.01107.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

DeCáceres, M. & Legendre P. (2009). Associations between species and groups of sites: indices and statistical inference. Ecology, 90, 3566–3574. DOI: 10.1890/08-1823.1.10.1890/08-1823.120120823Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ditsch, D.C., Schwab, G., Green, J.D., Johns, J.T., Coleman, R., Hutchens, T. & Piercy L. (2006). Managing steep terrain for livestock forage production. Lexington: College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky.Search in Google Scholar

Dúbravcová, Z. (1976). Subalpine and alpine vegetation in Kamenistá and Gáborova dolina valleys (Western Tatras) (in Slovak). Msc, PhD thesis, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava.Search in Google Scholar

Dúbravcová, Z. (2007). Salicetea herbaceae (in Slovak). In J. Kliment & M. Valachovič (Eds.), Plant communities of Slovakia. 4. Alpine vegetation (pp. 251–282). Bratislava: Veda, vydavateľstvo SAV.Search in Google Scholar

Dye, D.G. (2002). Variability and trends in the annual snow-cover cycle in Northern Hemisphere land areas, 1972-2000. Hydrol. Process., 16, 3065–3077. DOI: 10.1002/hyp.1089.10.1002/hyp.1089Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Ellenberg, H., Weber, H.E., Dull, R., Wirth, W., Werner, W. & Paulissen D. (1992). Zeigerwerte von pflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Scripta Geobotanica, 18, 1–258.Search in Google Scholar

Elmendorf, S.C., Henry, G.H.R., Hollister, R.D., Bjork, R.G., Bjorkman, A.D., Callaghan, T.V., Collier, L.S., Cooper, E.J., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Day, T.A., Fosaa, A.M., Gould, W.A., Gretarsdottir, J., Harte, J., Luise, H., Hik, D.S., Hofgaard, A., Jarrad, F., Jonsdottir, I.S., Keuper, F., Klanderud, K., Klein, J.A., Koh, S., Kudo, G., Lang, S.I., Loewen, V., May, J.L., Mercado, J., Michelsen, A., Molau, U., Myers-Smith, I.H., Oberbauer, S.F., Pieper, S., Post, E., Rixen, Ch., Robinson, C.H., Schmidt, N.M., Shaver, G.R., Stenstrom, A., Tolvanen, A., Totland, O., Troxler, T., Wahren, C.-H., Webber, P.J., Welker, J.M. & Wookey P.A. (2012). Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time. Ecol. Lett., 15, 164–175. DOI : 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x.10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01716.x22136670Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Elumeeva, T.G., Onipchenko, V.G., Egorov, A.V., Khubiev, A.B., Tekeev, D.K., Soudzilovskaia, N.A. & Cornelissen J.H.C. (2013). Long-term vegetation dynamic in the Northwestern Caucasus: which communities are more affected by upward shifts of plant species? Alpine Botany, 123, 77–85. DOI: 10.1007/s00035-013-0122-7.10.1007/s00035-013-0122-7Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Engler, R., Randin, C.F., Thuiller, W., Dullinger, S., Zimmermann, N.E., Araujo, M.B., Pearman, P.B., Le Lay, G., Piedallu, C., Albert, C.H., Choler, P., Coldea, G., De Lamo, X., Dirnböck, T., Gégout, J.-C., Gómez-García, D., Grytnes, J.-A., Heegaard, E., Høistad, F., Nogués-Bravo, D., Normand, S., Puşcaş, M., Sebastiá, M.-T., Stanisci, A., Theurillat, J.-P., Trivedi, M.R., Vittoz, P. & Guisan A. (2011). 21st century climate change threatens mountain flora unequally across Europe. Glob. Change Biol., 17, 2330–2341. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02393.x.10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02393.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Erschbamer, B., Unterluggauer, P., Winkler, E.& Mallaun M. (2011). Changes in plant species diversity revealed by long-term monitoring on mountain summits in the Dolomites (northern Italy). Preslia, 83, 387–401.Search in Google Scholar

Fabiszewski, J. & Wojtuń B. (2001). Contemporary floristic changes in the Karkonosze Mts. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol., 70, 237–245. DOI: 10.5586/asbp.2001.031.10.5586/asbp.2001.031Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Gellman, A. & Hill J. (2007). Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Grytnes, J.-A., Kapfer, J., Jurasinski, G., Birks, H.H., Henriksen, H., Klanderud, K., Odland, A., Ohlson, M., Wipf, S. & Birks H.J.B. (2014). Identifying the driving factors behind observed elevational range shifts on European mountains. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 23, 876–884. DOI : 10.1111/geb.12170.10.1111/geb.12170Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hebák, P., Hustopecký, J., Pecáková, I., Plašil, M., Průša, M., Řezanková, H., Vlach, P. & Svobodová A. (2007). Multivare statistical methods (3) (in Czech). Praha: Informatorium.Search in Google Scholar

Hegedüšová, K. (2007). Central database of phytosociological samples (CDF) in Slovakia (in Slovak). Bulletin Slovenskej Botanickej Spoločnosti, 29, 124–129.Search in Google Scholar

Hennekens, S. & Schaminée J.H.J. (2001). TURBOVEG, a comprehensive data base management system for vegetation data. J.Veg.Sci., 12. 589–591. DOI: 10.2307/3237010.10.2307/3237010Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hill, M.O. (1973). Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology, 54, 427–432. DOI: 10.2307/1934352.10.2307/1934352Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Hill, M.O., Evans, D.F. & Bell S.A. (1992). Long-term effects of excluding sheep from hill pastures in north Wales. J. Ecol., 80, 1–13. DOI: 10.2307/2261058.10.2307/2261058Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Holzinger, B., Hülber, K., Camenisch, M., Grabherr G. (2008). Changes in plant species richness over the last century in the eastern Swiss Alps: elevational gradient, bedrock effects and migration rates. Plant Ecol., 195, 179–196. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-007-9314-9.10.1007/s11258-007-9314-9Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Horák, J. (1970). Geobiocoenosis of timber line. Part I. – Western Tatras, Jamnická and Račková dolina valleys (in Czech). Brno: University of Agriculture.Search in Google Scholar

Hulme, P.D., Pakeman, R.J., Torvell, L., Fischer, J.M. & Gordon I.J. (1999). The effects of controlled sheep grazing on the dynamics of upland Agrostis-Festuca grassland. J. Appl. Ecol., 36, 886–900. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00452.x.10.1046/j.1365-2664.1999.00452.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jarolímek, I., Šibík, J., Hegedüšová, K., Janišová, M., Kliment, J., Kučera, P., Majeková, J., Michalková, D., Sadloňová, J., Šibíková, J., Škodová, I., Uhlířová, J., Ujházy, K., Ujházyová, M., Valachovič, M. & Zaliberová M. (2008). A list of vegetation units of Slovakia. In I. Jarolímek & J. Šibík (Eds.), Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of higher vegetation units of Slovakia (pp. 295−329). Bratislava: Veda, vydavateľstvo SAVSearch in Google Scholar

Jurasinski, G. & Kreyling J. (2007). Upward shift of alpine plants increases floristic similarity of mountain summits. J. Veg. Sci., 18, 711–718. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02585.x.10.1111/j.1654-1103.2007.tb02585.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kanka, R., Barančok, P. & Krajčí J. (2011). Research of the vascular plants diversity in alpine belt of the Tatry Mts. as a platform for monitoring of the climate changes (in Slovak). Životné Prostredie, 45, 89−92.Search in Google Scholar

Kapfer, J., Virtanen, R. & Grytnes J.-A. (2012). Changes in arctic vegetation on Jan Mayen Island over 19 and 80 years. J. Veg. Sci., 23, 771–781. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01395.x.10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01395.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Klanderud, K. & Birks H. (2003). Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants. Holocene, 13, 1–6. DOI : 10.1191/0959683603hl589ft.10.1191/0959683603hl589ftOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Klein, J.A., Harte, J. & Zhao X.Q. (2004). Experimental warming causes large and rapid species loss, dampened by simulated grazing, on the Tibetan Plateau. Ecol. Lett., 7, 1170–1179. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00677.x.10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00677.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kliment, J. & Valachovič M. (Eds.) (2007). Plant communities of Slovakia. 4. Alpine vegetation (in Slovak). Bratislava: Veda, vydavateľstvo SAV.Search in Google Scholar

Kobiv, Y. & Nesteruk Y. (2001). Pedicularis oederi (Scrophulariaceae) in the Chornohora Mts (Ukrainian Carpathians): distribution, biology, ecology and threat. Polish Bot. J., 46, 241–250.Search in Google Scholar

Kobiv, Y. (2014). Response of rare plant species to current changes of vegetation in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Forum Carpaticum 2014: local responses to global challenges (pp. 56–58). Lviv.Search in Google Scholar

Kobiv, Y. (2016). Saxifraga aizoides (Saxifragaceae) in Ukraine. Polish Bot. J., 61, 65–71. DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2016-0004.10.1515/pbj-2016-0004Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kobiv, Y. (2017). Response of rare alpine plant species to climate change in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Folia Geobot., 52, 217–226. DOI: 10.1007/s12224-016-9270-z.10.1007/s12224-016-9270-zOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kobiv, Y. (2018). Trends in population size of rare plant species in the alpine habitats of the Ukrainian Carpathians under climate change. Diversity, 10(3), 62. DOI: 10.3390/d10030062.10.3390/d10030062Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kollár, J., Kanka, R. & Barančok P. (2016). Sites of the GLORIA Initiative in Slovakia Included into LTER Network (in Slovak). Životné Prostredie, 50, 51–53.Search in Google Scholar

Korzeniak, J. (2016). Mountain Nardus stricta grasslands as a relic of past farming – the effects of grazing abandonment in relation to elevation and spatial scale. Folia Geobot., 51, 93–113. DOI : 10.1007/s12224-016-9246-z.10.1007/s12224-016-9246-zOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Krajina, V. (1933). Die Pflanzengesellschaften des Mlynica-Tales in den Vysoké Tatry (Hohe Tatra). Beih. Bot. Centralbl., 51, 774−957.Search in Google Scholar

Kucharzyk, S. & Augustyn M. (2010). Stability of mountain glades in the Bieszczady National Park (in Polish). Roczniki Bieszczadzkie, 18, 45–58.Search in Google Scholar

Kudernatsch, T., Beck, S., Krenzer, M., Fischer, A., Bernhardt, M., Franz, H., Vogel, M. & Abs C. (2005). Recent changes in species composition and species richness of alpine grasslands in Berchtesgaden biosphere reserve and national park. 2nd and 3rd GLOCHAMORE workshops (pp. 103–115). L’Aquila.Search in Google Scholar

Kudo, G., Amagai, Y., Hoshino, B. & Kaneko M. (2011). Invasion of dwarf bamboo into alpine snow-meadows in northern Japan: pattern of expansion and impact on species diversity. Ecology and Evolution, 1, 85–96. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9.10.1002/ece3.9328737922393485Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kyyak, V., Bilonoha, V., Dmytrach, R., Gynda, L., Nesteruk, Y. & Shtupun V. (2014). Changes in plant population pattern under the natural and man-induced ecosystem transformations of high mountain zone of Ukrainian Carpathians. Forum Carpaticum 2014: local responses to global challenges (pp. 58–60). Lviv.Search in Google Scholar

Marhold, K. & Hindák F. (Eds.) (1998). Checklist of non-vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia. Bratislava: Veda, vydavateľstvo SAV.Search in Google Scholar

Matteodo, M., Wipf, S., Stöckli, W., Rixen, C. & Vittoz P. (2013). Elevation gradient of successful plant traits for colonizing alpine summits under climate change. Environmental Research Letters, 8, 024043. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024043.10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024043Search in Google Scholar

Matteodo, M., Ammann, K., Verrecchia, E.P. & Vittoz P. (2016). Snowbeds are more affected than other subalpine-alpine plant communities by climate change in the Swiss Alps. Ecology and Evolution, 6, 6969 – 6982. DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2354.10.1002/ece3.2354551322428725374Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Micu, D. (2009). Snow pack in the Romanian Carpathians under changing climatic conditions. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 105, 1–16. DOI: 10.1007/s00703-009-0035-6.10.1007/s00703-009-0035-6Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Nemčok, J. (1994). Geological bedrock (in Slovak). In I. Vološčuk (Ed.), Tatras National Park. Biosphere Reserve (pp. 14–24). Martin: GRADUS.Search in Google Scholar

Norton, L.R., Murphy, J., Reynolds, B., Marks, S. & Mackey E.C. (2009). Countryside survey: Scotland results from 2007. Battleby: NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology & The Scottish Government, Scottish Natural Heritage.Search in Google Scholar

Odland, A., Høitomt, T. & Olsen S.L. (2010). Increasing vascular plant richness on 13 high mountain summits in southern Norway since the early 1970s. Arcti. Antarct. Alp. Res., 42, 458–470. DOI: 10.1657/1938-4246-42.4.458.10.1657/1938-4246-42.4.458Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Oksanen, J., Guillaume Blanchet, F., Friendly, M., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., McGlinn, D., Minchin, P.R., O´Hara, R.B., Simpson, G.L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M.H.H., Szoecs, E. & Wagner H. (2017). Vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 2.4-4.Search in Google Scholar

Olsen, S.L. & Klanderud K. (2014). Biotic interactions limit species richness in an alpine plant community, especially under experimental warming. Oikos, 123, 71–78. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00336.x.10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00336.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pakeman, R.J. (2004). Consistency of plant species and trait responses to grazing along a productivity gradient: A multi-site analysis. J. Ecol., 92, 893–905. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00928.x.10.1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00928.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Palaj, A. & Kollár J. (2017). Contribution to the knowledge of the alpine vegetation of the Western Tatras (in Slovak). Phytopedon, 16(1), 9–13.Search in Google Scholar

Palaj, A. & Kollár J. (2018). Changes in alpine vegetation over 50 years in the Western Tatras (Slovakia). Ekológia (Bratislava), 37(2), 122−133. DOI: 10.2478/eko-2018-0012.10.2478/eko-2018-0012Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Patsias, K. & Bruelheide H. (2013). Climate change – Bad news for montane forest herb layer species? Acta Oecol., 50, 10−19. DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.02.004.10.1016/j.actao.2013.02.004Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pauli, H., Gottfried, M., Reiter, K., Klettner, C. & Grabherr G. (2007). Signals of range expansions and contractions of vascular plants in the high Alps: observations (1994–2004) at the GLORIA master site Schrankogel, Tyrol, Austria. Global Change Biology, 13, 147–156. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01282.x.10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01282.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pauli, H., Gottfried, M., Dullinger, S., Abdaladze, O., Akhalkatsi, M., Alonso, J.L.B., Coldea, G., Dick, J., Erschbamer, B., Calzado, F.R., Ghosn, D., Holten, J.I., Kanka, R., Kazakis, G., Kollar, J., Larsson, P., Moiseev, P., Moiseev, D., Molau, U., Mesa, J.M., Nagy, L., Pelino, G., Puşcaş, M., Rossi, G., Stanisci, A., Syverhuset, A.O., Theurillat, J.P., Tomaselli, M., Unterluggauer, P., Villar, L., Vittoz, P. & Grabherr G. (2012). Recent plant diversity changes on Europe’s Mountain Summits. Science, 336(6079), 353–355. DOI : 10.1126/science.1219033.10.1126/.1219033Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pickering, C., Green, K., Barros, A.A. & Venn S. (2014). A resurvey of late-lying snow patches reveals changes in both species and functional composition across snowmelt zones. Alpine Botany, 124, 93–103. DOI: 10.1007/s00035-014-0140-0.10.1007/s00035-014-0140-0Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Pielou, E.C. (1966). The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. J. Theor. Biol., 13, 131–144. DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(66)90013-0.10.1016/0022-5193(66)90013-0Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Plesník, P. (1974). Physical geography (in Slovak). In M. Konček (Ed.), Tatras climate (pp. 17–26). Bratislava: Veda, vydavateľstvo SAV.Search in Google Scholar

Press, M.C., Potter, J.A., Burke, M.J.W., Callaghan, T.V. & Lee J.A. (1998). Responses of a subarctic dwarf shrub heath community to simulated environmental change. J. Ecol., 86, 315–327. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00261.x.10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00261.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

QGIS Development Team (2019). QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http://qgis.osgeo.orgSearch in Google Scholar

R Core Team (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (online). Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.gbif.org/tool/81287/r-a-language-and-environment-for-statistical-computingSearch in Google Scholar

Ross, L.C., Woodin, S.J., Hester, A.J., Thompson, D.B.A. & Birks H.J.B. (2012). Biotic homogenization of upland vegetation: patterns and drivers at multiple spatial scales over five decades. J. Veg. Sci., 23, 755–770. DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01390.x.10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01390.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sammul, M., Kull, K., Oksanen, L. & Veromann P. (2000). Competition intensity and its importance: results of field experiments with Anthoxanthum odoratum. Oecologia, 125, 18-25. DOI: 10.1007/PL00008887.10.1007/PL0000888728308218Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sandvik, S.M. & Odland A. (2014). Changes in alpine snowbed-wetland vegetation over three decades in northern Norway. Nord. J. Bot., 32, 377–384. DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00249.x.10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00249.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Speed, J.D.M., Martinsen, V., Mysterud, A., Mulder, J., Holand, O. & Austrheim G. (2014). Long-term increase in aboveground carbon stocks following exclusion of grazers and forest establishment in an alpine ecosystem. Ecosystems, 17, 1138–1150. DOI : 10.1007/s10021-014-9784-2.10.1007/s10021-014-9784-2Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Stöckli, V., Wipf, S., Nilsson, C. & Rixen C. (2011). Using historical plant surveys to track biodiversity on mountain summits. Plant Ecol. Divers, 4, 415–425. DOI: 10.1080/17550874.2011.651504.10.1080/17550874.2011.651504Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Šibík, J. (2012). Slovak vegetation database. In J. Dengler, J. Oldeland, F. Jansen, M. Chytry, J. Ewald, M. Finckh, F. Glockler, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, R.K. Peet & J.H.J. Schaminee (Eds.), Vegetation databases for the 21st century. Bio-diversity & Ecology, 4(1), 429–429. DOI : 10.7809/b-e.00216.10.7809/b-e.00216Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tichý, L. (2002). JUIC E, software for vegetation classification. J. Veg. Sci., 13, 451–453. DOI : 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002. tb02069.x.10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02069.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Tilman, D. (1988). Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Turečková, J. (1974). Subalpine and alpine vegetation of Jamnícka dolina valley (Western Tatras) (in Slovak). Diploma work (msc.), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava.Search in Google Scholar

Vanneste, T., Michelsen, O., Graae, B.J., Kyrkjeeide, M.O., Holien, H., Hassel, K., Lindmo, S., Kapas, R.E. & De Frenne P. (2017). Impact of climate change on alpine vegetation of mountain summits in Norway. Ecol. Res., 32, 579–593. DOI : 10.1007/s11284-017-1472-1.10.1007/s11284-017-1472-1Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Vassilev, K., Pedashenko, H., Nikolov, S.C., Apostolova, I. & Dengler J. (2011). Effect of land abandonment on the vegetation of upland semi-natural grasslands in the Western Balkan Mts., Bulgaria. Plant Biosyst., 145, 654–665. DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2011.601337.10.1080/11263504.2011.601337Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Velev, N. & Apostolova I. (2008). Successional changes of Nardus stricta communities in the Central Balkan Range (Bulgaria). Phytol. Balc., 14(1),75–84.Search in Google Scholar

Virtanen, R., Eskelinen, A. & Gaare E. (2003). Long-term changes in alpine plant communities in Norway and Finland. In L. Nagy, G. Grabherr, Ch. Korner & D.B.A. Thompson (Eds.), Alpine biodiversity in Europe (pp. 411–422). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.Search in Google Scholar

Vittoz, P., Bodin, J., Ungricht, S., Burga, C. & Walther G. R. (2008). One century of vegetation change on Isla Persa, a nunatak in the Bernina massif in the Swiss Alps. J. Veg. Sci., 19, 671–680. DOI: 10.3170/2008-8-18434.10.3170/2008-8-18434Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Vittoz, P., Randin, C., Dutoit, A., Bonnet, F. & Hegg O. (2009). Low impact of climate change on subalpine grasslands in the Swiss Northern Alps. Glob. Change Biol., 15, 209–220. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01707.x.10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01707.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Weselovska, M. (2009). Changes in meadow vegetation of the Western Tatra Mts and their foreland in the last half century (in Polish). In M. Guzik (Ed.), Long-term changes in nature and management of Tatra National Park (pp. 91−104). Zakopane: Wydawnictwa Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego.Search in Google Scholar

Wickham, H. (2007). Reshaping data with the reshape package. Journal of Statistical Software, 21(12), 1−20. http://www.jstatsoft.org/10.18637/jss.v021.i12Search in Google Scholar

Wilcox, B.P. & Wood K.M. (1988). Hydrologic impacts of sheep grazing on steep slopes in semiarid rangelands. J. Range Manag., 41(4), 303−306. DOI: 10.2307/3899383.10.2307/3899383Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wilson, S. & Nilsson C. (2009). Arctic alpine vegetation change over 20 years. Glob. Change Biol., 15, 1676–1684. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01896.x.10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01896.xOuvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Windmaißer, T. & Reisch C. (2013). Long-term study of an alpine grassland: local constancy in times of global change. Alpine Botany, 123, 1–6. DOI: 10.1007/s00035-013-0112-9.10.1007/s00035-013-0112-9Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar

Winter, B. (2013). Linear models and linear mixed effects models in R with linguistic applications. arXiv:1308.5499. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.5499.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

• Assessment of the Current Condition of Populations of the Red List Species Salvia submutica Botsch. & VVED. (Lamiaceae Lindl.) In Nuratau Mountain Ridge, Uzbekistan
• Climate Change Impact on Potential Distribution of an Endemic Species Abies marocana Trabut
• Assessing the Water Quality of Akwa Ibom State North-West District, Nigeria, using Water Quality Indices and Palmer Pollution Index
• Gis-Based Assessment of Risk for Drinking Water Contamination to Children’s Health in Rural Settlements
• Evaluation of the Vranov Reservoir Functions
• Proposals to Promote Ecological Stability and Landscape Biodiversity Conditions in the Land Consolidation Project: A Case Study of Horný Vinodol, Slovakia
• Evolution of Land Cover in the Traras MTS. Region Between 1984 and 2020 by Remote Sensing and Gis (Northwest Algeria)
• Assessment of Parectopa robiniella Clemens (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) Effect on Biochemical Parameters of Robinia pseudoacacia Under Conditions of an Industrial City in Steppe Ukraine
• External Abnormalities and Body Deformities of Noble Crayfish (Malacostraca, Astacidae: Astacus astacus) of West Carpathian Massive (Slovakia): Possible Causes for this Phenomenon