<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest in various areas as new, non-volatile and non-flammable organic solvents, catalysts, reaction additives, ligands, drugs and other dedicated materials etc. Their general use, sometimes in bulky quantities, requires determination of their potential ecotoxicity on selected organisms. In the present work, influence of triphenylmethylphosphonium iodide (1) and triphenylhexadecylphosphonium iodide (2), introduced to soil, on germination and early stages of growth and development of superior plants was investigated using the plant growth test based on the OECD/OCDE 208/2006. In this test, the seeds of selected species, i.e. land superior plants - spring barley (<italic>Hordeum vulgare</italic>) and common radish (<italic>Raphanus sativus</italic> L. subvar. <italic>radicula</italic> Pers.) were planted in pots containing soil to which a test chemical compound had been added and in pots with control soil. To evaluate the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids 1 and 2 germination and weight (dry and fresh) of control plant seedlings were determined and compared with the germination and weight (dry and fresh) of the seedlings of plants grown in the soil watered with appropriate amounts of the test chemicals. The visual assessment of any types of damage to the test species, such as growth inhibition, chlorosis and necrosis, was also carried out and documented by digital photographs. Based on the obtained results, magnitudes of the LOEC - the lowest concentration causing observable effects in the form of reduction in growth and germination compared with the control and the NOEC - the highest concentration not causing observable, toxic effects - were also determined.</p></abstract>

Ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest in various areas as new, non-volatile and non-flammable organic solvents, catalysts, reaction additives, ligands, drugs and other dedicated materials etc. Their general use, sometimes in bulky quantities, requires determination of their potential ecotoxicity on selected organisms. In the present work, influence of triphenylmethylphosphonium iodide (1) and triphenylhexadecylphosphonium iodide (2), introduced to soil, on germination and early stages of growth and development of superior plants was investigated using the plant growth test based on the OECD/OCDE 208/2006. In this test, the seeds of selected species, i.e. land superior plants - spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) were planted in pots containing soil to which a test chemical compound had been added and in pots with control soil. To evaluate the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids 1 and 2 germination and weight (dry and fresh) of control plant seedlings were determined and compared with the germination and weight (dry and fresh) of the seedlings of plants grown in the soil watered with appropriate amounts of the test chemicals. The visual assessment of any types of damage to the test species, such as growth inhibition, chlorosis and necrosis, was also carried out and documented by digital photographs. Based on the obtained results, magnitudes of the LOEC - the lowest concentration causing observable effects in the form of reduction in growth and germination compared with the control and the NOEC - the highest concentration not causing observable, toxic effects - were also determined.

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone +48 34 361 49 18, fax +48 34 366 53 22

Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Porównanie Fitotoksyczności Wybranych Fosfoniowych Cieczy Jonowych

Ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest in various areas as new, non-volatile and non-flammable organic solvents, catalysts, reaction additives,...

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

Publié en ligne: 08 juil. 2014

Pages: 281 - 295

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0022

Mots clés
ionic liquids, phytotoxicity, land superior plants, spring barley, common radish, yield, dry weight, chlorosis, necrosis

© 2014 Robert Biczak et. al.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

Publié en ligne: 08 juil. 2014

Pages: 281 - 295

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0022

Mots clésionic liquids, phytotoxicity, land superior plants, spring barley, common radish, yield, dry weight, chlorosis, necrosis

© 2014 Robert Biczak et. al.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Mots clés
ionic liquids, phytotoxicity, land superior plants, spring barley, common radish, yield, dry weight, chlorosis, necrosis