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Point-of-Care Diagnostics: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Nanomaterials for Enhanced Biosensor Selectivity and Transduction

Daniel J. Denmark
Daniel J. Denmark
, 
Subhra Mohapatra
Subhra Mohapatra
 et 
Shyam S. Mohapatra
Shyam S. Mohapatra
   | 21 oct. 2020
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Article Category: Review
Publié en ligne: 21 oct. 2020
Pages: 184 - 206
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2020-0023
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© 2020 Daniel J. Denmark, Subhra Mohapatra, Shyam S. Mohapatra, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

(a) Publications per year for the phrase “molecularly imprinted polymer.” Since the maximum set size for the number of citations exceeded 10,000, Web of Science could not generate that data. (b) Publications per year for the phrase “molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle.” The inset shows the citations per year for the same search. (c) Publications per year for the phrase “molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle” and the term “sensor.” The inset shows the citations per year for the same search. (d) Relative occurrence of the transduction strategy of the sensors tabulated in this review. This data was extracted from Web of Science on July 14, 2020.
(a) Publications per year for the phrase “molecularly imprinted polymer.” Since the maximum set size for the number of citations exceeded 10,000, Web of Science could not generate that data. (b) Publications per year for the phrase “molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle.” The inset shows the citations per year for the same search. (c) Publications per year for the phrase “molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle” and the term “sensor.” The inset shows the citations per year for the same search. (d) Relative occurrence of the transduction strategy of the sensors tabulated in this review. This data was extracted from Web of Science on July 14, 2020.

Figure 2

(a) Many MIPNP conformations assume a core-shell configuration, where the core NP composition varies depending on the intended function. The shell is often a nano-thin MIP layer for selective binding. Here, the template analyte is retained during polymerization. (b) Later, the analyte can be removed via elution, leaving binding sites complementary to the target analyte. (c) Selectivity can be enhanced by designing two different MIPNPs, as in (a) and (b), each for distinct parts of the analyte, thus realizing a sandwich immunoassay. (d) For homogeneous biosensing, a nano-thin MIP layer like an electrode, wave guide, or piezoelectric cantilever, can be deposited on the relevant substrate for selective binding.
(a) Many MIPNP conformations assume a core-shell configuration, where the core NP composition varies depending on the intended function. The shell is often a nano-thin MIP layer for selective binding. Here, the template analyte is retained during polymerization. (b) Later, the analyte can be removed via elution, leaving binding sites complementary to the target analyte. (c) Selectivity can be enhanced by designing two different MIPNPs, as in (a) and (b), each for distinct parts of the analyte, thus realizing a sandwich immunoassay. (d) For homogeneous biosensing, a nano-thin MIP layer like an electrode, wave guide, or piezoelectric cantilever, can be deposited on the relevant substrate for selective binding.

Figure 3

(a) A near-future magnetic transduction strategy can deposit a nano-thin MIP layer onto a ferromagnetic substrate for magnetoresistance sensor operation. (b) Many optical transduction strategies monitor changes in light after it interacts with aqueous MIPNPs bound to analyte. (c) In some ECM transduction strategies, nano-thin MIPs are layered onto electrodes. (d) Some gravimetric transduction strategies monitor the characteristic frequency of an oscillating cantilever to determine the analyte’s concentration.
(a) A near-future magnetic transduction strategy can deposit a nano-thin MIP layer onto a ferromagnetic substrate for magnetoresistance sensor operation. (b) Many optical transduction strategies monitor changes in light after it interacts with aqueous MIPNPs bound to analyte. (c) In some ECM transduction strategies, nano-thin MIPs are layered onto electrodes. (d) Some gravimetric transduction strategies monitor the characteristic frequency of an oscillating cantilever to determine the analyte’s concentration.

Summary of the case studies highlighted in this review and organized according to the adopted nanobiosensor transduction strategy.

Summary of the case studies highlighted in this review and organized according to adopted nanomaterial.

MIP versus antibody performance. The first three columns demonstrate typical LOD decreases when antibodies are replaced with MIPs. The last four columns demonstrate robust MIP potential for regeneration, which is not possible when fragile antibodies are used.

Alphabetized list of acronyms used in this review.

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