Distance Education and Burnout Syndrome among Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Authors / Year / Country	Sample	Study Design	Variables	Measure	Findings
Magdalinou et al. (2022), Greece⁽²⁾	63 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Student's perceptions and preferences and preferences	Online Questionnarie for students	Student's perceptions and preferences are positive regarding distance learning. Interactive methods, proper design of online courses and technical support are closely to improve distance learning experience.
D'Souza et al. (2023), India⁽³⁾	982 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Student's perception	Online Survey	Most of the students preferred remote learning during the pandemic. There are negative association between clinical skills, less motivation and difficulties with getting tired due to the constant use of mobile phones...
Liu et al. (2023), China⁽⁵⁾	653 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Academic burnout Influencing factors	- Academic Burn-out Scale - Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale - Impact of Event Scale-6 - Patient Health Questionnaire-2 - Professional Identity Scale	Nursing students had a high degree of academic burnout. There are positive correlation with academic year, satisfaction with specialty, satisfaction with online learning, professional identity, and psychological resilience.
Wang et al. (2021), China⁽¹⁶⁾	733 nursing students	Cross-sectional	- Academic burnout - Academic engagement - Psychological capital	- Academic Burn-out Scale - Positive Psychological Capital Scale - Academic Engagement Scale	Academic engagement and psychological capital were negatively correlated with academic burnout. Psychological capital was positively correlated with academic engagement.
Zhu et al. (2023), China⁽¹⁷⁾	227 nursing students	Cross-sectional	- Learning burnout - Academic self efficacy - Anxiety - Depression	- College Students’ Learning Burnout Questionnaire - Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale - Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale	Academic self-efficacy has a significant predictive effect on learning burnout. It was positively correlated with anxiety and depression and negatively correlated with academic self-efficacy.
Chen et al. (2023), China⁽¹⁸⁾	3051 nursing studnets	Cross-sectional	- Academic burnout - Self-directed learning - Self-efficacy	- Self-directed learning readiness scale - Academic burnout scale - General Self-Efficacy Scale	Self-directed learning ability, self-efficacy and academic burnout were at the high level. Self-directed learning ability and self-efficacy were negatively correlated with academic burnout..
Rohmani & Adriani (2021), Indonesia⁽¹⁹⁾	69 nursing students	Cross-sectional	- Academic burnout - Academic Self-efficacy	Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey	Academic self-efficacy showed a strong negative association with burnout. Exhaustion was the burnout dimension most closely associated with academic self-efficacy.
Atashinsdaf et al. (2024), Iran⁽²⁰⁾	228 nursing studnets	Cross-sectional	Student's abilities, attitudes, challenges, and preferences	Questionnary for students	There are positive student satisfaction with E-learning but still far from students preferences.
Kim & Park (2021), South Korea⁽²¹⁾	310 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Learning flow and out-comes Distance learning Social-evaluative anxiety	- Learning flow scale - Learning satisfaction tool - Social Avoidance and Distress scale	Distance education mediated the association be-tween learning flow and learning outcomes. Social-evaluative anxiety was negative correlated with distance education effect.
Alghtany et al. (2024), Australia⁽²²⁾	198 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Academic burnout Professional self-concept Professional efficacy	- Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey - NurseSelf-Concept Instrument	Professional self-concept was a key predictor of the academic burnout subscales professional efficacy and cynicism. Total professional self-concept was above average with different variability in the students' emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy.
Durmus et al. (2022), Turkey⁽²³⁾	361 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Digital burnout	Digital Burnout Scale	There are high levels of digital burnout levels, which were affected by the average time spent online per day, stress level, physical and psychological health, and economic status.
Karaaslan et al. (2022), Turkey⁽²⁴⁾	454 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Student's success in distance education Student's experience	Distance Education Assessment Questionnaire for Nursing Students	Distance Education are significant Preliminary information, proficiency level in using technological softwear and devices, economic, asynchronous teaching method...
Kartsoni et al. (2023), Greece⁽²⁵⁾	20 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Psychosocial adaptation Distance learning	Individual and focus groups interviews	Rapid transition to online learning was correlated with previous experience in distance learning and using new technologies, adequacy of resources, limited interaction with teachers. Negative correlation was founded in emotional state of students (negative emotions dominated - unproductive, no creativity, permanent fatige, no motivation, sleep disorders) and fear of volunteering and future.
Baudewyns et al. (2023), Belgium⁽²⁶⁾	2275 nursing students and midwives	Cross-sectional	Academic burnout Associatded factors	- Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey - Academic Burnout Inventory	There are high prevalence of overall academic burnout risk. Factors significantly associated with higher risk of academic burnout were: having a child, job, the level of academic training, working overtime, insufficient personal protective equipment.
Svavarsdottir et al. (2023), Iceland⁽²⁷⁾	638 nursing students and midwives	Cross-sectional	Personal burnout Academic burnout Stress level	- Copenhagen Burnout Inventory - Perceived Stress Scale	Students' support, stress and educational level predicted the nursing students' burnout symptoms. Academic burnout was negative correlated with students' learning ability, health, and wellbeing, quality of care and intention to leave the profession postgraduation.
Manuli et al. (2022), Italy⁽²⁸⁾	521 nursing students	Cross-sectional	Distance learning Anxiety Stress Depression	- Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 - System Usability Scale	High satisfaction with the use of e-learning leads to low levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and mental distress.

Langue:: Anglais

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Sujets de la revue:: Médecine, Médecine clinique, Médecine clinique, autres

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Distance Education and Burnout Syndrome among Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Marijana Dabic

Verica Trbovic

Catégorie d'article: Review Paper

Publié en ligne: 03 sept. 2025

Reçu: 28 mai 2025

Accepté: 01 août 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/eabr-2025-0012

Mots clésDistance learning, burnout, nursing students, COVID-19 pandemic

© 2025 Marijana Dabic et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Summary of selected studies

Mots clés
Distance learning, burnout, nursing students, COVID-19 pandemic