Accès libre

Between incrementalism and punctuated equilibrium: the case of budget in Poland, 1995–2018

Lukasz Wordliczek
Lukasz Wordliczek
   | 02 sept. 2021
Central European Journal of Public Policy's Cover Image
À propos de cet article
Article précédent
Article suivant
Citez
Publié en ligne: 02 sept. 2021
Pages: 14 - 30
Reçu: 05 mai 2020
Accepté: 23 janv. 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2021-0007
Mots clés
© 2021 Lukasz Wordliczek, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Annual percent changes across budget functions, 1996–2018
Annual percent changes across budget functions, 1996–2018

Fig. 2

Fiscal years and number of outliers based on the Median Absolute Deviation test
Fiscal years and number of outliers based on the Median Absolute Deviation test

Fig. 3

Annual percent changes across budget functions, 1996–2018, standardized values
Annual percent changes across budget functions, 1996–2018, standardized values

Fig. 4

Bands for cross-category and over-time standardized distributionNote: Shaded area indicates bands for 90 percentile point below and above zero.
Bands for cross-category and over-time standardized distributionNote: Shaded area indicates bands for 90 percentile point below and above zero.

Thresholds defining incremental and punctuated budget changes

Author(s) Range cut-off points
Dezhbakhsh et al., 2003 40 and 45 percentile point below/above zero
Sebők & Berki, 2017 40% below/above zero
Flink, 2017; Flink & Robinson, 2020; Robinson, Caver, Meier, & O’Toole, 2007; Robinson, Flink, & King, 2014 {+35.5%; −33%} ±5% margin
M. M. Jordan, 2003 {+35%; −25%}
Bailey & O’Connor, 1975; Wildavsky, 1964 30%
Gist, 1974 20%
Jones et al., 1998 {+20%; −15%}
Fenno, 1966 {10%; −10%} and {20%; −20%}
Kemp, 1982; Wanat, 1974 10%
Baumgartner & Epp, 2013; Kanter, 1972 5%

Budget major functions crosswalk

Budget major functions, 1995–2000 Budget major functions, 2001–2018
Industry Mining and quarrying+Manufacturing
Construction
Agriculture Agriculture and hunting
Forestry Forestry
Transportation Transport and telecommunication
Communication
Trade: domestic Trade
Trade: foreign
Miscellaneous material services Services
Municipal services Communal services and environmental protection
Housing economy and intangible municipal services Dwelling economy (housing)
Science Science
Education Education + educational care
Higher education Higher education
Culture and art Culture and national heritage
Health care Health care
Social welfare* Social assistance and other social policy issues
Physical education and sport Physical education and sport
Tourism and recreation Tourism
State administration Public administration
Administration of justice and public prosecutor's office Administration of justice
Public safety Public safety and fire care
Finance Public debt servicing
Social security Compulsory social security
National defense National defense

Budget major categories: a comprehensive coverage

Budget major code Number of minor categories Budget category
010 42 Agriculture and hunting
020 9 Forestry
050 15 Fishing and fisheries
100 12 Mining and quarrying
150 21 Industrial processing
400 10 Production and distribution of electrical energy, gas, and water
500 11 Trade
550 9 Hotel and restaurant services
600 31 Transport and communication
630 9 Tourism services
700 19 Dwelling economy (housing economy)
710 25 Services
720 7 Information technology
730 14 Science
750 48 Public administration
751 18 Offices of supreme bodies of the central government, control and protection of law and judiciary
752 24 National defense
753 17 Compulsory social security
754 26 Public safety and fire protection
755 16 Administration of justice
756 37 Revenue from legal persons, natural persons, and other units without legal personality, and expenses related to its collection
757 5 Public debt service
758 31 Other transfers and settlements
801 35 Education
803 13 Higher education
851 34 Health care
852 27 Welfare (social assistance)
853 23 Other social policy issues
854 23 Educational care (educational social services)
900 29 Communal economy and environmental protection
921 28 Culture and protection of national heritage
925 10 Botanical and zoological gardens, nature sites, and nature reserves
926 10 Physical education and sports

Budget categories and number of outliers based on the Median Absolute Deviation test

Budget category No. of cases Pooled data Cross-function
No. of outliers % of outliers No. of outliers % of outliers
Trade 23 12 52.17% 6 26.01%
Physical education and sport 23 10 43.48% 4 17.39%
Mining and quarrying + manufacturing 23 9 39.13% 4 17.39%
Transport and telecommunication 23 9 39.13% 3 13.04%
Education + educational care 23 8 34.78% 5 21.74%
Communal services and environmental protection 23 8 34.78% 6 26.01%
Forestry 23 7 30.43% 3 13.04%
Tourism 23 7 30.43% 7 30.43%
Dwelling economy (housing)* 22 5 22.73% 4 18.18%
Agriculture and hunting 23 5 21.74% 5 21.74%
Culture and national heritage 23 5 21.74% 4 17.39%
Health care 23 4 17.39% 7 30.43%
Social assistance and other social policy issues 23 3 13.04% 9 39.13%
Services 23 2 8.69% 2 8.69%
National defense 23 1 4.35% 3 13.04%
Public debt servicing 23 1 4.35% 1 4.35%
Science 23 0 0% 3 13.04%
Public administration 23 0 0% 2 8.69%
Public safety and fire protection 23 0 0% 4 17.39%
Administration of justice 23 0 0% 2 8.69%
Higher education 23 0 0% 7 30.43%
Compulsory social security 23 0 0% 0 0%
Total 505 96 19% 91 18%

Distribution of outliers across categories and fiscal years

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 TOTAL
Mining and quarrying + Manufacturing * * * * * * * * 8
Agriculture and hunting * * 2
Forestry * * * * * 5
Trade * * * * * * * * * 9
Transport and telecommunication 0
Tourism * * 2
Dwelling economy (housing) * * * * * 5
Services * * 2
Science 0
Public administration 0
National defense * 1
Compulsory social security * 1
Public safety and fire protection 0
Administration of justice * 1
Public debt servicing * * 2
Education + Educational care * * * * * * 6
Higher education * 1
Health care * 1
Social assistance and other social policy issues * * * * 4
Communal services and environmental protection * * * * * 5
Culture and national heritage * * 2
Physical education and sport * * * * * * * * * 9
Total 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

Major and minor codes: public debt service

Major code Minor code Budget function: public debt service
757 75701 Servicing of foreign debt, debtors, and other foreign transactions
75702 Servicing of securities, credits, and loans of local government units
75703 Servicing of national Treasury securities and other financial instruments on the domestic market
75704 Settlements under sureties and guarantees provided by the State Treasury or local government units
75705 Servicing of domestic entities’ credits of other public finance sector units
eISSN:
1802-4866
Langue:
Anglais
Périodicité:
2 fois par an
Sujets de la revue:
Business and Economics, Political Economics, Public Finance and Fiscal Theory, Business Management, Industries, Public Sector, Public Private Partnerships, Public Administration, Social Sciences, Sociology, Social Policy, Social Work, Development Aid, Political Science, other
RSS Feed de la revue