Adipocyte “Fatty Acid Binding Protein” Gene Polymorphisms (rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) in Jordanians with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Demographic and clinical laboratory characteristics of subjects enrolled in the study_

Characteristic		Group 1 (Obese or overweight diabetics) (n=98)	Group 2 (Diabetics with normal weight) (n=103)	Group 3 (Nondiabetic but overweight or obese) (n=102)	Group 4 (Normal weight and nondiabetics) (n=94)	p-value
Mean age ± SDa (years)		57.6 ± 9.8	52.5 ±16.1	47.8 ± 12.4	34.5 ± 14.8	0.00b
Gender	Male	46	64	83	59	0.00c
	Female	52	39	19	35
Mean TG ± SD (mg/dL)		184.7 ± 158.9	174.5 ± 136.0	223.05 ± 184.1	110.1 ± 66.1	0.00b
Mean TC ± SD (mg/dL)		187.3 ± 43.3	189.1 ± 44.6	197.6 ± 36.8	181.9 ± 44.4	0.00b
Mean LDL ± SD (mg/dL)		123.3 ± 36.4	121.8 ± 37.8	128.5 ± 33.8	108.2 ± 36.2	0.00b
Mean HDL ± SD (mg/dL)		43.5 ± 12.3	45.6 ± 19.4	39.3 ± 13.8	44.6 ± 11.4	0.016b
Mean HbA1C ± SD (%)		8.8 ± 8.8	7.8 ± 2.1	5.07 ± 0.39	4.8 ± 0.44	0.00b
Mean BMI ± SD (Kg/m2)		33.8 ± 6.5	22.1 ± 2.1	31.3 ± 4.6	21.5 ± 2.09	0.00b

Genotypes and allele frequencies of rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187 SNPs among all groups combined_

rs1054135
Genotype		Number of subjects	Frequency
Homozygous major allele	GG	348	0.877
Heterozygous	GA	44	0.111
Homozygous minor allele	AA	5	0.013
Total		397	1.0
	Allele	Number of copies	Frequency
	G	740	0.932
	A	54	0.068
	Total	794	1.0
rs16909196
Genotype		Number of subjects	Frequency
Homozygous major allele	AA	259	0.652
Heterozygous	AT	116	0.292
Homozygous minor allele	TT	22	0.055
	Total	397	1.0
	Allele	Number of copies	Frequency
	A	634	0.798
	T	160	0.202
	Total	794	1.0
rs16909187
Genotype		Number of subjects	Frequency
Homozygous major allele	CC	261	0.657
Heterozygous	CT	114	0.287
Homozygous minor allele	TT	22	0.055
	Total	397	1.0
	Allele	Number of copies	Frequency
	C	636	0.801
	T	158	0.199
	Total	794

Genotype distribution of FABP4 SNPs rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187 among the four study groups_

SNPs		rs1054135			rs16909196			rs16909187
Genotypes		GG	GA	AA	AA	AT	TT	CC	CT	TT
Group 1 n=98		88	8	2	62	29	7	63	28	7
Group 2 n=103		90	12	1	68	28	7	68	28	7
Group 3 n=102		91	11	0	76	24	2	76	24	2
Group 4 n=94		79	13	2	53	35	6	54	34	6
Groups 1 vs 4	Z score	1.176	1.245	0.042	0.972	1.123	0.21	0.971	1.124	0.210
	P value	0.24	0.21	0.97	0.33	0.26	0.83	0.33	0.2	0.83
	Odds ratio	1.67(0.71-3.93)	0.55(0.22-1.40)	0.96(0.13-6.95)	1.33(0.75-2.38)	0.71(0.39-1.29)	1.13(0.36-3.49)	1.33(0.75-2.38)	0.71(0.38-1.30)	1.13(0.36-3.49)
Groups 2 vs 4	Z score	0.668	0.458	0.646	1.385	1.506	0.117	1.236	1.353	0.117
	P value	0.50	0.65	0.52	0.17	0.13	0.91	0.22	0.18	0.91
	Odds ratio	1.31(0.59-2.93)	0.82(0.36-1.90	0.45(0.04-5.06)	1.5(0.84-2.68)	0.63(0.34-1.15)	1.07(0.35-3.3)	1.44(0.81-2.56)	0.66(0.36-1.20)	1.07(0.35-3.30)
Groups 3 vs 4	Z score	1.061	0.650	1.100	2.649	2.080	1.479	2.505	1.926	1.479
	P value	0.29	0.52	0.27	0.01	0.04	0.14	0.01	0.05	0.14
	Odds ratio	1.57(0.68-3.62)	0.75(0.32-1.77)	0.18(0.01-3.81)	2.26(1.24-4.14)	0.52(0.28-0.96)	0.29(0.06-1.49)	2.17(1.18-3.96)	0.54(0.29-1.01)	0.29(0.06-1.49)

Linkage disequilibrium of FABP4 genetic variants (rs1054135, rs16909187, and rs16909196) in the four study groups using the Haploview program_

Study Group	FABP4 Gene Variants	D′ (Linkage disequilibrium parameter)	R2 (Correlation Coefficient)
Group 1:(Obese or overweight diabetics)	rs1054135 and rs16909187	0.046	0.0
	rs1054135 and rs16909196	0.084	0.0
	rs16909187 and rs16909196	1.0	0.97
Group 2:(Diabetics with normal weight)	rs1054135 and rs16909187	1.0	0.019
	rs1054135 and rs16909196	1.0	0.019
	rs16909187 and rs16909196	0.97	0.94
Group 3:Nondiabetic but overweight or obese)	rs1054135 and rs16909187	1.0	0.009
	rs1054135 and rs16909196	1.0	0.009
	rs16909187 and rs16909196	1.0	1.0
Group 4:(Control) (Normal weight nondiabetics)	rs1054135 and rs16909187	1.0	0.03
	rs1054135 and rs16909196	1.0	0.03
	rs16909187 and rs16909196	1.0	0.97

Assessment of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of the three SNPs in the study sample as a whole and in the control group (group 4) alone_

SNP	Genotypes	The whole studied group (n=397)		X* parameter	Control group (n=94)		X* parameter
			Observed	Expected		Observed	Expected
rs1054135	GG	0.8770	0.8687	- 3.8245	0.8400	0.8263	- 3.8140
	GA	0.1110	0.1276		0.1380	0.1654
	AA	0.0130	0.0047		0.0220	0.0083
rs16909196	AA	0.6520	0.6374	- 3.8333	0.5740	0.5700	- 3.8410
	AT	0.2920	0.3211		0.3620	0.3670
	TT	0.0550	0.0404		0.0640	0.0600
rs16909187	CC	0.6570	0.6414	- 3.8319	0.5640	0.5625	- 3.8414
	CT	0.2870	0.3181		0.3720	0.3750
	TT	0.0550	0.0394		0.064	0.0625

Comparison of (rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187) haplotypes between control group and other groups_

rs1054135, rs16909196, and rs16909187 haplotypes		GAC	GTT	AAC
Group 1 (Obese or overweight diabetics)		0.732	0.202	0.049
Group 2 (Diabetics with normal weight)		0.723	0.199	0.068
Group 3 (Non-diabetic but overweight or obese)		0.809	0.137	0.054
Group 4 (Control) (Normal weight nondiabetics)		0.660	0.245	0.090
Groups 1 vs 4	z score	1.085	-0.716	-1.12
	p value	0.28	0.47	0.26
Groups 2 vs 4	z score	0.958	-0.777	-0.574
	p value	0.34	0.44	0.57
Groups 3 vs 4	z score	2.369	-1.93	-0.979
	p value	0.02	0.05	0.33