Spruce and Barley Elemental and Stochiometric Analysis Affected by the Impact of Pellet Production and Torrefaction

ADAMS, P. W. R. – SHIRLEY, J. E. J. – McMANUS, M. C. 2015. Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of wood pellet production with torrefaction. In Applied Energy, vol. 138, pp. 367–380.10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.002 Search in Google Scholar

ARIAS, B. – PEVIDA, C. – FERMOSO, J. – PLAZA, M. G. – RUBIERA, F. – PIS, J. J. 2008. Influence of torrefaction on the grindability and reactivity of woody biomass. In Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 169–175.10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.09.002 Search in Google Scholar

BATES, R. B. – GHONIEM, A. F. 2012. Biomass torrefaction: Modelling of volatile and solid product evolution kinetics. In Bioresource Technology, vol. 124, pp. 460–469.10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.018 Search in Google Scholar

CZECH NATIONAL PLAN. 2019. Available at: https://www.mpo.cz/cz/energetika/strategicke-a-koncepcni-dokumenty/verejna-konzultace-k-vnitrostatnimu-planu-ceske-republiky-v-oblasti-energetiky-a-klimatu--250509/ (In Czech: Vnitrostátní plán České republiky v oblasti energetiky a klimatu). Search in Google Scholar

GARCÍA, R. – GIL, M. V. – RUBIERA, F. – PEVIDA, C. 2019. Pelletization of wood and alternative residual biomass blends for producing industrial quality pellets. In Fuel, vol. 251, pp. 739–753.10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.141 Search in Google Scholar

GENDEK, A. – ANISZEWSKA, M. – MALAŤÁK, J. – VELEBIL, J. 2018. Evaluation of selected physical and mechanical properties of briquettes produced from cones of three coniferous tree species. In Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 117, 173–179.10.1016/j.biombioe.2018.07.025 Search in Google Scholar

GÜRDIL, G. A. K. – SELVI, K. C. – MALAŤÁK, J. – PINAR, Y. 2009. Biomass utilization for thermal energy. In AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 2009, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 80–85. Search in Google Scholar

GLOBAL CARBON PROJECT. Available at: https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/ Search in Google Scholar

ISO 18134-3:2015 Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture content – Oven dry method – Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample. Search in Google Scholar

ISO 18122:2015 Solid biofuels – Determination of ash content. Search in Google Scholar

ISO 16993:2016 Solid biofuels – Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another. Search in Google Scholar

KALIYAN, N. – VANCE MOREY, R. 2009. Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products. In Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 337–359.10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.08.005 Search in Google Scholar

KAŽIMÍROVÁ, V. – KUBÍK, L. – MIHINA, Š. 2020. Evaluation of properties of pellets made of swine manure. In Acta Technologica Agriculturae, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 137–143.10.2478/ata-2020-0022 Search in Google Scholar

KUČEROVÁ, V. – KAČÍKOVÁ, D. – KAČÍK, F. 2011. Alterations of extractives and cellulose macromolecular characteristics after thermal degradation of spruce wood. In Acta Facultatis Xylologiae, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 77–83. Search in Google Scholar

MALAŤÁK, J. – GENDEK, A. – ANISZEWSKA, M. – VELEBIL, J. 2020a. Emissions from combustion of renewable solid biofuels from coniferous tree cones. In Fuel, vol. 276, article no. 118001.10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118001 Search in Google Scholar

MALAŤÁK, J. – VELEBIL, J. – BRADNA, J. – GENDEK, A. – TAMELOVÁ, B. 2020b. Evaluation of CO and NO_x emissions in real-life operating conditions of herbaceous biomass briquettes combustion. In Acta Technologica Agriculturae, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 53–59.10.2478/ata-2020-0009 Search in Google Scholar

MALAŤÁK, J. – VACULÍK, P. 2008. Biomass for Energy. Prague : Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 206 pp. ISBN 9788021318106. (In Czech: Biomasa pro výrobu energie). Search in Google Scholar

MONEDERO, E. – PORTERO, H. – LAPUERTA, M. 2015. Pellet blends of poplar and pine sawdust: Effects of material composition, additive, moisture content and compression die on pellet quality. In Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 132, pp. 15–23.10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.12.013 Search in Google Scholar

PIMCHUAI, A. – DUTTA, A. – BASU, P. 2010. Torrefaction of agriculture residue to enhance combustible properties. In Energy and Fuels, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 4638–4645.10.1021/ef901168f Search in Google Scholar

POUDEL, J. – OHM, T. I. – OH, S. C. 2015. A study on torrefaction of food waste. In Fuel, vol. 140, pp. 275–281.10.1016/j.fuel.2014.09.120 Search in Google Scholar

REJDAK, M. – CZARDYBON, A. – IGNASIAK, K. – ROBAK, J. 2019. Utilization of waste forest biomass: Pelletization studies of torrefied sawmill wood chips. In E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 100, no. 1, article no. 00068.10.1051/e3sconf/201910000068 Search in Google Scholar

Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action. Available at: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1999/oj. Search in Google Scholar

RUDOLFSSON, M. – STELTE, W. – LESTANDER, T. A. 2015. Process optimization of combined biomass torrefaction and pelletization for fuel pellet production – A parametric study. In Applied Energy, vol. 140, pp. 378–38410.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.041 Search in Google Scholar

SKANDEROVÁ, K. – MALAŤÁK, J. – BRADNA, J. 2015. Energy use of compost pellets for small combustion plants. In Agronomy Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 413–419. Search in Google Scholar

SOUČEK, J. – JASINSKAS, A. – SILLINGER, F. – SZALAY, K. 2019. Determination of mechanical and energetic properties of reed canary grass pellets production, In Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 757–762.10.11118/actaun201967030757 Search in Google Scholar

STELTE, W. – CLEMONS, C. – HOLM, J. K. – SANADI, A. R. – AHRENFELDT, J. – SHANG, L. – HENRIKSEN, U. B. 2011. Pelletizing properties of torrefied spruce. In Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 4690–469810.1016/j.biombioe.2011.09.025 Search in Google Scholar

STUPAVSKÝ, V. 2012. Super-pellet production by torrefaction. In: TZB-info [online]. 2012 [cit. 2016-01-14]. Available at: http://oze.tzb-info.cz/peletky/8655-vyroba-super-pelet-metodou-torrefakce (In Czech: Výroba „super-pelet“ metodou torrefakce). Search in Google Scholar

TAMELOVÁ, B. – MALAŤÁK, J. – VELEBIL, J. – GENDEK, A. – ANISZEWSKA, M. 2021. Energy utilization of torrefied residue from wine production. In Materials, vol. 14, no. 7, article no. 1610.10.3390/ma14071610 Search in Google Scholar

WILK, M. – MAGDZIARZ, A. – KALEMBA, I. – GARAP, P. 2016. Carbonisation of wood residue into charcoal during low temperature process. In Renewable Energy, vol. 85, pp. 507–513.10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.072 Search in Google Scholar