Elements of the paradigm | The “old paradigm” of heliospheric research missions | Anomalies and other factors influencing the paradigm shift | The “new” paradigm of heliospheric research missions |
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Traditional Based on theoretical data Scientific discussion on current models of the heliosphere |
Voyager probes reaching heliospheric boundary and real data availability The development of artificial intelligence |
Modern Based on theoretical and empirical data Building or verification and testing of models as part of space missions and using modern technologies, such as artificial intelligence |
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Designing space probe missions to ensure the greatest possible number of measurements and data Single missions for which individual support systems are built (logistics, engineering, research, and management team) |
Serious social and environmental problems on Earth (pandemic, climate crisis, social crisis, social inequalities) Growing ecological awareness of the society and social pressure for sustainable development Criticism of high spending on research projects by the public, decision-makers as well as among scientists |
Sustainable interstellar missions with mainly scientific goals, but also environmental, social, and economic goals Campaign missions that use available mission management systems, including logistics systems |
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The research teams are mainly composed of scientists in the fields of physics, astrophysics, and astronomy, as well as engineers | The growing interest of scientists from other fields in space exploration Increasing complexity of space missions Pressure on the effectiveness of research projects |
Research teams are interdisciplinary They are composed of scientists from various fields who support the mission and benefit from its effects, integrating heliosphere research into the achievements of their fields |
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Communication of research projects with the social environment reduced to short media information or information provided by government agencies (such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration) on their websites Little public transparency of research projects No social involvement |
Development of communication technologies The overabundance of data and information available on the web, making it difficult for the public to focus on research projects related to interstellar missions The very long duration of interstellar missions and their high cost and risk Intensive promotional activities for space projects within the three bodies (Earth, Moon, Mars) and focusing on social attention in this area |
Creating information and image campaigns and broad promotion of research projects Including social and environmental goals in research projects Building intellectual capital for future missions High transparency of research projects and open access to data High social involvement |