Changes in pharyngeal airway space and hyoid bone position after Bionator treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions
, et | 08 sept. 2023
À propos de cet article
Publié en ligne: 08 sept. 2023
Pages: 71 - 81
Reçu: 01 févr. 2023
Accepté: 01 juil. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2023-0028
© 2023 Mioko Tanaka et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Results of craniofacial morphological measurements in groups T and C
| Treatment group (T) | Control group (C) | Two-way ANOVA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement | Time | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Group×Time | Group | Time |
| SNA (°) | T0 | 81.6 | 4.3 | 81.0 | 3.7 | NS | NS | <0.05 |
| T1 | 82.2 | 3.5 | 81.6 | 3.0 | ||||
| SNB (°) | T0 | 75.4 | 3.0 | 77.7 | 3.1 | <0.05 | T0: <0.05 | T: <0.01 |
| T1 | 77.7 | 3.0 | 78.8 | 3.1 | T1: NS | C:<0.01 | ||
| ANB (°) | T0 | 6.2 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 1.6 | <0.05 | T0: <0.01 | T: <0.01 |
| T1 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 1.6 | T1: <0.05 | C: NS | ||
| Hi-VR (mm) | T0 | 9.1 | 5.8 | 8.8 | 5.4 | NS | NS | NS |
| T1 | 10.5 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 6.3 | ||||
| Hi-HR (mm) | T0 | 87.4 | 6.9 | 88.9 | 8.4 | NS | NS | <0.05 |
| T1 | 97.9 | 7.2 | 97.1 | 7.8 | ||||
| SN-OPT (°) | T0 | 100.2 | 8.7 | 102.2 | 7.1 | NS | NS | NS |
| T1 | 101.0 | 8.0 | 101.3 | 8.1 | ||||
| SN-CVT (°) | T0 | 106.5 | 8.4 | 107.0 | 6.3 | NS | NS | NS |
| T1 | 108.7 | 7.3 | 108.1 | 6.6 | ||||
Changes in measurements of phaiyngeal airway (T1–T0) in Groups T and C
| Treatment | Control | ||||
| Measurement | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Significance |
| PNS-R (mm) | 3.8 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.0 | NS |
| PNS-PPW1 (mm) | 2.0 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 2.3 | NS |
| P-PPW2 (mm) | 2.1 | 3.0 | 0.1 | 3.5 | <0.05 |
| APW3-PPW3 (mm) | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 3.4 | <0.05 |
| Nasopharyngeal area (mm2) | 70.4 | 57.0 | 49.5 | 49.0 | NS |
| Oropharyngeal area (mm2) | 60.3 | 57.6 | 47.4 | 43.7 | NS |
| Hypopharyngeal area (mm2) | 106.3 | 111.6 | 33.1 | 93.2 | <0.05 |
Definitions of measurements
| Measurement | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| SNA (°) | 1 | Prognathism of the maxillary alveolar bone, angle formed by S, N, and A |
| SNB (°) | 2 | Prognathism of the mandibular alveolar bone, angle formed by S, N, and B |
| ANB (°) | 3 | Sagittal jaw relationship angle, angle formed by A, N, and B |
| Hi-VR (mm) | 4 | Horizontal position of the hyoid bone, distance from Hi to VR |
| Hi-HR (mm) | 5 | Vertical position of the hyoid bone, distance from Hi to HR |
| SN-OPT (°) | 6 | Odontoid process angulation, angle formed by SN and OPT |
| SN-CVT (°) | 7 | Cervical vertebrae angulation, angle formed by SN and CVT |
| PNS-R (mm) | 8 | Length of upper nasopharyngeal airway, distance from PNS to R |
| PNS-PPW1 (mm) | 9 | Length of lower nasopharyngeal airway, distance from PNS to PPW1 |
| P-PPW2 (mm) | 10 | Length of lower oropharyngeal airway, distance from P to PPW2 |
| APW3-PPW3 (mm) | 11 | Length of lower hypopharyngeal airway, distance from P to PPW3 |
| Nasopharyngeal (mm2) | 12 | Area of nasopharyngeal airway, airway area PNS-R and PNS-PPW1 line |
| Oropharyngeal (mm2) | 13 | Area of oropharyngeal airway, airway area PNS-PPW1 and P-PPW2 line |
| Hypopharyngeal (mm2) | 14 | Area of nasopharyngeal airway, airway area P-PPW2 and Cv3-PPW3 line |
Changes in measurements of craniofacial morphology (T1-T0) in groups T and C
| Treatment | Control | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Significance |
| SNA (°) | 0.5 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.5 | NS |
| SNB (°) | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 1.6 | <0.05 |
| ANB (°) | –1.7 | 1.5 | –0.5 | 1.4 | <0.05 |
| Hi-VR (mm) | 1.4 | 5.6 | 1.3 | 4.3 | NS |
| Hi-HR (mm) | 10.5 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 6.9 | NS |
| SN-OPT (°) | 1.2 | 5.3 | –0.9 | 5.3 | NS |
| SN-CVT (°) | 3.0 | 6.2 | 0.9 | 6.7 | NS |
Results of phaiyngeal airway measurements in groups T and C
| Treatment | Control | Two-way ANOVA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurement | Time | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Group×Time | Group | Time |
| PNS-R (mm) | T0 | 42.7 | 2.9 | 42.8 | 2.9 | NS | NS | <0.05 |
| T1 | 46.5 | 3.6 | 45.5 | 3.2 | ||||
| PNS-PPW1 (mm) | T0 | 22.4 | 3.9 | 22.2 | 2.9 | NS | NS | <0.05 |
| T1 | 24.3 | 4.6 | 23.8 | 2.7 | ||||
| P-PPW2 (mm) | T0 | 10.4 | 2.4 | 12.5 | 3.3 | <0.05 | T0: <0.05 | T: <0.01 |
| T1 | 12.5 | 3.3 | 12.6 | 2.7 | T1: NS | C: NS | ||
| APW3-PPW3 (mm) | T0 | 9.4 | 2.5 | 11.0 | 2.3 | <0.05 | T0: <0.05 | T: <0.01 |
| T1 | 11.9 | 2.8 | 11.6 | 3.4 | T1: NS | C: NS | ||
| Nasopharyngeal area (mm2) | T0 | 167.9 | 79.2 | 185.7 | 56.1 | NS | NS | <0.05 |
| T1 | 238.3 | 92.3 | 235.2 | 79.2 | ||||
| Oropharyngeal area (mm2) | T0 | 165.2 | 39.1 | 184.4 | 49.3 | NS | NS | <0.05 |
| T1 | 225.4 | 63.7 | 231.8 | 47.3 | ||||
| Hypopharyngeal area (mm2) | T0 | 248.9 | 104.6 | 337.4 | 90.6 | <0.05 | T0: <0.05 | T: <0.01 |
| T1 | 355.2 | 105.4 | 370.5 | 113.4 | T1: NS | C: NS | ||
Mean ages at T0 and T1 and mean treatment/observation time
| Treatment group | Control group | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Both sexes | Male | Female | Both sexes | |||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Age at T0 | 10y3m | 1y5m | 10y0m | 2y1m | 10y1m | 1y9m | 9y9m | 1y5m | 9y8m | 1y6m | 9y8m | 1y5m |
| Age at T1 | 13y10m | 1y7m | 13y10m | 1y5m | 13y10m | 1y5m | 13y5m | 1y3m | 13y5m | 1y3m | 13y5m | 1y6m |
| Treatment/observation time | 3y7m | 0y11m | 3y10m | 1y4m | 3y8m | 1y2m | 3y8m | 1y5m | 3y9m | 1y5m | 3y9m | 1y4m |
Definitions of the reference points and lines used
| Definition | |
|---|---|
| Reference point | |
| S | Sella turcica |
| N | Nasion |
| A | Subspinale |
| B | Supramentale |
| PNS | Posterior nasal spine |
| P | Tip of the soft plate |
| R | Midpoint of the distance between S and PNS |
| Cv3 | Anteroinferior point of the third cervical vertebra |
| PPW1 | Intersection of the posterior pharyngeal wall and the line parallel to HR through PNS |
| PPW2 | Intersection of the posterior pharyngeal wall and the line parallel to HR through P |
| PPW3 | Intersection of the posterior pharyngeal wall and the line parallel to HR through Cv3 |
| APW3 | Intersection of the anterior pharyngeal wall and the line parallel to HR through Cv3 |
| Hi | Anterior point of the hyoid bone |
| Reference lines | |
| SN | S-N plane, line thorough S and N |
| HR | Horizontal reference plane, line 7° to S-N plane |
| VR | Vertical reference plane, line perpendicular to HR through S |
| CVT | Cervical vertebrae tangent, tangential line along the cervical vertebrae |
| OPT | Odontoid process tangent, tangential line along the cervical vertebrae |