This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Krishnan V, Davidovitch Z. Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;129:469.e1-469.e32.Search in Google Scholar
Proffit WR. Contemporary orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2007. p. 331-8.Search in Google Scholar
Grimm FM. Bone bending, a feature of orthodontic tooth movement, Am J Orthod 1972;62:384-93.Search in Google Scholar
Zengo AN, Pawluk RJ, Bassett CAL. Stress-induced bioelectric potentials in the dentoalveolar complex. Am J Orthod 1973;64:17-7.Search in Google Scholar
Davidovitch Z, Finkelson MD, Steigman S, Shanfield JL, Montgomery PC, Korostoff E. Electric currents, bone remodelling, and orthodontic tooth movement. II. Increase in rate of tooth movement and periodontal cyclic nucleotide levels by combined force and electric current. Am J Orthod 1980;77:14-32.Search in Google Scholar
Shapiro E, Roeber FW, Klempner LS. Orthodontic movement using pulsating force-induced piezoelectricity. Am J Orthod 1979;76:59-66.Search in Google Scholar
Kopher RA, Mao JJ. Suture growth modulated by the oscillatory component of micromechanical strain. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:521-8.Search in Google Scholar
Peptan AI, Lopez A, Kopher RA, Mao JJ. Responses of intramembranous bone and sutures upon in vivo cyclic tensile and compressive loading. Bone 2008;42:432-8.Search in Google Scholar
Vij K, Mao JJ. Geometry and cell density of rat craniofacial sutures during early postnatal development and upon in vivo cyclic loading. Bone 2006;38:722-30.Search in Google Scholar
Braun S, Bluestein M, Moore BK, Benson G. Friction in perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115:619-27.Search in Google Scholar
O’Reilly D, Dowling PA, Lagerstrom L, Swartz ML. An ex-vivo investigation into the effect of bracket displacement on the resistance to sliding. Br J Orthod 1999;26:219-27.Search in Google Scholar
Liew CF, Brockhurst P, Freer TJ. Frictional resistance to sliding archwires with repeated displacement. Aust Orthod J 2002;18:71-5.Search in Google Scholar
Swartz ML. Fact or friction: the clinical relevance of in vitro steady-state friction studies. J Clin Orthod 2007;41:427-32.Search in Google Scholar
Nishimura M, Chiba M, Ohashi T, Sato M, Shimizu Y, Igarashi K et al. Periodontal tissue activation by vibration: intermittent stimulation by resonance vibration accelerates experimental tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133:572-83.Search in Google Scholar
Shimizu Y. Movement of the lateral incisors of the Macaca fuscata as loaded by a vibrating force. Nihon Kyosei Shika Gakkai Zasshi 1986;45:56-72.Search in Google Scholar
Darendeliler MA, Zea A, Shen G, Zoellner H. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field vibration on tooth movment induced by magnetic and mechanical forces: a preliminary study. Aust Dent J 2007;52:282-7.Search in Google Scholar
Kau CH. A novel device in orthodontics. Aesthetic dentistry today 2009; 3: 42-3.Search in Google Scholar
Kau CH, Nguyen JT, English JD. The clinical evaluation of a novel cyclical force generating device in orthodontics. Orthodontic Practice 2010:1.Search in Google Scholar
Ottoson D, Ekblom A, Hansson P. Vibratory stimulation for the relief of pain of dental origin. Pain 1981;10:37-45.Search in Google Scholar
Lundeberg T, Nordemar R, Ottoson D. Pain alleviation by vibratory stimulation. Pain 1984;20:25-44.Search in Google Scholar
Staud R, Robinson ME, Goldman CT, Price DD. Attentuation of experimental pain by vibro-tactile stimulation in patients with chronic local or widespread musculoskeletal pain. Eur J Pain 2011;15:836-42.Search in Google Scholar
Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, for the CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010;340:c332.Search in Google Scholar
Little RM. The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod 1975;68:554-63.Search in Google Scholar
Duncan GH, Bushnell MC, Lavigne GJ. Comparison of verbal and visual analogue scales for measuring the intensity and unpleasantness of experimental pain. Pain 1989;37:295-303.Search in Google Scholar
Kehoe MJ, Cohen SM, Zarrinnia K, Cowan A. The effect of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and misoprostol on prostaglandin E2 synthesis and the degree and rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod 1996; 66: 339-49.Search in Google Scholar
Southard KA. Reader’s Forum: Ask Us. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:18A.Search in Google Scholar
Miles PG. SmartClip versus conventional twin brackets for initial alignment: is there a difference? Aust Orthod J 2005; 21:123-7.Search in Google Scholar
Ong E, Ho C, Miles P. Alignment efficiency and discomfort of three orthodontic archwire sequences: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthod 2011;38:32-9.Search in Google Scholar
Rinchuse DJ, Rinchuse DJ, Karam JR. Consecutive treatments and the ‘random walk’. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133:792-5.Search in Google Scholar
