[
Abbas M.T., Arif M., Saeed M., Reyad-ul-Ferdous M., Hassan M.A., Arain M.A., Rehman A. (2016). Emulsifier effect on fat utilization in broiler chicken. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 11:158-167. doi: 10.3923/ajava.2016.158.167.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Abdulla N.R., Loh T.C., Akit H., Sazili A.Q., Foo H.L. (2016). Effects of dietary oil sources and calcium: phosphorus levels on growth performance, gut morphology and apparent digestibility of broiler chickens. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 46:42-42. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v46i1.6.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Abdulla N.R., Loh T.C., Foo H.L., Alshelmani M.I., Akit H. (2019). Influence of dietary ratios of n-6: n-3 fatty acid on gene expression, fatty acid profile in liver and breast muscle tissues, serum lipid profile, and immunoglobulin in broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 28:454-469. doi: 10.3382/japr/pfz008.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Abudabos A.M. (2014). Effect of fat source, energy level and enzyme supplementation and their interactions on broiler performance. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 44:280-287. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v44i3.10.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Aguilar Y.M., Becerra J.C., Bertot R.R., Peláez J.C., Liu G., Hurtado C.B. (2013). Growth performance, carcass traits and lipid profile of broiler chicks fed with an exogenous emulsifier and increasing levels of energy provided by palm oil. J. Food Agri. Environ., 11:629-633.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ahmadi-Sefat A.A., Taherpour K., Ghasemi H.A., Gharaei M.K., Shirzadi H., Rostami F. (2022). Effects of an emulsifier blend supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and muscle fatty acid profile of broiler chickens fed with different levels of energy and protein. Poult. Sci., 101:102145. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102145.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Akporhuarho P.O., Okpara O., Oridje S.O. (2015). Performance and blood indices of finisher broilers given graded level of crude oil contaminated water. J. Biol. Agric. Healthc., 5:54-59.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Al-Marzooqi W., Leeson S. (1999). Evaluation of dietary supplements of lipase, detergent, and crude porcine pancreas on fat utilization by young broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 78:1561-1566.10.1093/ps/78.11.1561
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Al-Marzooqi W., Leeson S. (2000). Effect of dietary lipase enzyme on gut morphology, gastric motility, and long-term performance of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 79:956–960. doi: 10.1093/ps/79.7.956.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Allahyari-Bake S., Jahanian R. (2017). Effects of dietary fat source and supplemental lysophosphatidylcholine on performance, immune responses, and ileal nutrient digestibility in broilers fed corn/soybean meal or corn/wheat/soybean meal based diets. Poult. Sci., 96:1149-1158. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew330.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Alshelmani M.I., Abdalla E.A., Kaka U., Basit M.A. (2021). Non-traditional feedstuffs as an alternative in poultry feed. In advances in poultry nutrition research, IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.95946.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Alzawqari M., Moghaddam H.N., Kermanshahi H., Raji A. (2011). The effect of desiccated ox bile supplementation on performance, fat digestibility, gut morphology and blood chemistry of broiler chickens fed tallow diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 39:169-174. doi:10.1080/09712119.2011.580999.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Alzawqari M.H., Al-Baadani H.H., Alhidary I.B., Al-Owaimer A.N., Abudabos A.M. (2016). Effect of taurine and bile acid supplementation and their interaction on performance, serum components, ileal viscosity and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 46:448-457. doi: 10.4314/sajas.v46i4.13.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
An J.S., Yun W., Lee J.H., Oh H.J., Kim T.H., Cho E.A., Kim G.M., Kim K.H., Lee S.D., Cho J.H. (2020). Effects of exogenous emulsifier supplementation on growth performance, energy digestibility and meat quality in broilers. J. Anim. Sci. Technol., 62:43-51. doi: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.43.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Anderson D.P. (2006). Rendering operations, Pages 31-52 in Essential Rendering, ed. by David L. Meeker, The National Renderers Association, Virginia.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Applegate T.J., Angel R. (2014). Revision For Nutrient Requirements. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 23:567–575.10.3382/japr.2014-00980
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Arshad M.A., Bhatti S.A., Hassan I., Rahman M.A., Rehman M.S. (2020). Effects of bile acids and lipase supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance, fat digestibility and meat quality in broiler chickens. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 22:1-8.10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1258
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ayed H.B., Attia H., Ennouri M. (2016). Effect of oil supplemented diet on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chickens. J. Adv. Tech. Bio. Med., 4:1-5.10.4172/2379-1764.1000156
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bacha B.A., Frikha F., Djemal I., Fendri A., Miled N., Gargouri Y., Mejdoub H. (2006). Biochemical and structural comparative study between bird and mammal pancreatic colipases. J. Lipid Res., 47:2701-2711.10.1194/jlr.M600242-JLR200
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Baião N., Lara L. (2005). Oil and fat in broiler nutrition. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 7:129-141.10.1590/S1516-635X2005000300001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Balevi T., Coskun B. (2000). Effects of some dietary oils on performance and fatty acid composition of eggs in layers. Vet. Medi. J., 151:847-854.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bauer E., Jakob S., Mosenthin R. (2005). Principles of physiology of lipid digestion. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 18:282-295. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2005.282.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Blair R. (2008). Elements of poultry nutrition. Pages 23-56 in Nutrition and feeding of Organic Poultry, ed. by R. Blair, Cabi, Wallingford, UK.10.1079/9781845934064.0023
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boontiam W., Jung B., Kim Y.Y. (2017). Effects of lysophospholipid supplementation to lower nutrient diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and blood metabolites in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 96:593–601. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew269.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Brautigan D.L., Li R., Kubicka E., Turner S.D., Garcia J.S., Weintraut M.L., Wong E.A. (2017). Lysolecithin as feed additive enhances collagen expression and villus length in the jejunum of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 96:2889–2898. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex078.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Brenes A., Centeno C., Viveros A., Arija I. (2008). Effect of enzyme addition on the nutritive value of high oleic acid sunflower seeds in chicken diets. Poult. Sci., 87:2300-2310.10.3382/ps.2008-00130
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brown A.W., Hang J., Dussault P.H., Carr T.P. (2010). Plant sterol and stanol substrate specificity of pancreatic cholesterol esterase. J. Nutr. Biochem., 21:736-740.10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.04.008
]Search in Google Scholar
[
BTPS. (2017). Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine. Feedstuff composition and nutritional requirements. 4th ed. H. S. Rostagno (ed). Department of Animal Science, UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Burlikowska K., Piotrowska A., Szymeczko R. (2010). Effect of dietary fat type on performance, biochemical indices and fatty acids profile in the blood serum of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 19:440-451.10.22358/jafs/66308/2010
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Carulli N., Bertolotti M., Carubbi F., Concari M., Martella P., Carulli L., Loria P. (2000). Review article: effect of bile salt pool composition on hepatic and biliary functions. Aliment. Pharm. Ther., 14:14-18.10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.014s2014.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chen C., Jung B., Kim W.K. (2019). Effects of lysophospholipid on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal development, and bone quality in broilers. Poult. Sci., 98:3902–3913. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez111.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Cho J.H., Zhao P., Kim I.H. (2012). Effects of emulsifier and multi-enzyme in different energy densitydiet on growth performance, blood profiles, and relative organ weight in broiler chickens. J. Agri. Sci., 4:161-168. doi: 10.5539/jas.v4n10p161.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Crespo N., Esteve-Garcia E. (2003). Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce insulin and very low density lipoprotein levels in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 82:1134-1139.10.1093/ps/82.7.1134
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dabbou S., Schiavone A., Gai F., Martinez S., Madrid J., Hernandez F., Martinez Marin A.L., Soglia D., Sartore S., Kalmare I.D., Gascof L., Nery J. (2019). Effect of dietary globin, a natural emulsifier, on the growth performance and digestive efficiency of broiler chickens. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 18:530–537. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2018.1547127.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Dada S.O. (2003). Effect of varying levels of palm oil sludge in broiler finisher rations. East Afr. Agric. For. J., 68:213-216.10.4314/eaafj.v68i4.1799
]Search in Google Scholar
[
De Witt F., Els S., Van der Merwe H., Hugo A., Fair M. (2009). Effect of dietary lipid sources on production performance of broilers. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 39:45-48.10.4314/sajas.v39i1.61174
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Degolier T.F., Brown D.R., Duke G.E., Palmer M.M., Swenson J.R., Carraway R.E. (2013). Neurotensin and cholecystokinin contract gallbladder circular muscle in chickens. Poult. Sci., 92:2156-2162.10.3382/ps.2013-03079
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Denbow D.M. (2000). Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. Pages 299-325 in Sturkie’s Avian Physiology, fifth edithion. ed. by G. C. Whittow. Academic Press, Massachussets.10.1016/B978-012747605-6/50013-4
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dierick N.A., Decuypere J.A. (2004). Influence of lipase and/or emulsifier addition on the ileal and faecal nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed diets containing 4% animal fat. J. Sci. Food Agri., 84:1443-1450.10.1002/jsfa.1794
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Donato K., Hegsted D.M. (1985). Efficiency of utilization of various sources of energy for growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 82:4866-4870.10.1073/pnas.82.15.4866
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Donohue M., Cunningham D. (2009). Effects of grain and oilseed prices on the costs of US poultry production. J. App. Poult. Res., 18:325-337.10.3382/japr.2008-00134
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dorra T.M., Hamady G.A.A., Abdel-Moneim M.A. (2014). The use of recovered frying oil in broiler chicken diets: Effect on performance, meat quality and blood parameters. Res. J. Anim. Vet. Fishery Sci., 2:11-15.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fascina V.B., Carrijo A.S., Souza K.M.R., Garcia A.M.L., Kiefer C., Sartori J.R. (2009). Soybean oil and beef tallow in starter broiler diets. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 11:249-256.10.1590/S1516-635X2009000400006
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fendri A., Frikha F., Mosbah H., Miled N., Zouari N., Bacha A.B., Sayari A., Mejdoub H., Gargouri Y. (2006). Biochemical characterization, cloning, and molecular modelling of chicken pancreatic lipase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 451:149-159.10.1016/j.abb.2006.04.018
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Firman J.D., Kamyab A., Leigh H. (2008). Comparison of fat sources in rations of broilers from hatch to market. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7:1152-1155.10.3923/ijps.2008.1152.1155
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Firman J.D., Remus J.C. (1994). Fat additions increase digestibility of meat and bone meal. J. App. Poult. Res., 3:80-82.10.1093/japr/3.1.80
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fouad A.M., El-Senousey H.K. (2014). Nutritional factors affecting abdominal fat deposition in poultry: A review. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 27:1057-1068.10.5713/ajas.2013.13702
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fujita Y., Matsuoka H., Hirooka K. (2007). Regulation of fatty acid metabolism in bacteria. Mol. Microbiol., 66:829-839.10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05947.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gajda A.M., Storch J. (2015). Enterocyte fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs): Different functions of liver and intestinal FABPs in the intestine. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 93:9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.10.001.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Ghasemi H.A., Shivazad M., Mirzapour Rezaei S.S., Karimi Torshizi M.A. (2016). Effect of synbiotic supplementation and dietary fat sources on broiler performance, serum lipids, muscle fatty acid profile and meat quality. Br. Poult. Sci., 57:71-83. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1098766.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Ghazalah A., Abd-Elsamee M., Ali A. (2008). Influence of dietary energy and poultry fat on the response of broiler chicks to heathermt Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7:355-359.10.3923/ijps.2008.355.359
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Glatz J.F.C. (2014). Lipids and lipid binding proteins: A perfect match. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 93:45-49.10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.011
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gole M., Manwar S., Khose K., Rathod P., Kumar D., Kotagiri R., Ganguly B. (2022). Efficacy evaluation of a poultry feed emulsifier in broiler chicken. J. Pharm. Innov., 11:1119-1123.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gonçalves I., Edsfeldt A., Ko N.Y., Grufman H., Berg K., Björkbacka H., Nitulescu M., Persson A., Nilsson M., Prehn C., Adamski J., Nilsson J. (2012). Evidence supporting a key role of Lp-PLA2-generated lysophosphatidylcholine in human atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 32:1505-1512.10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.249854
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gu X., Li G. (2003). Fat nutrition and metabolism in piglets: A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 109:151-170.10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00171-8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hammond E.G., Johnson L.A., Su C., Wang T., White P.J. (2003). Soybean Oil, Pages 577-654 in Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Sixth Edition, ed. by F. Shahidi., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hemati Matin H., Shariatmadari F., Torshizi M.K., Chiba L. (2016). In vitro bile acid-binding capacity of dietary fibre sources and their effects with bile acid on broiler chicken performance and lipid digestibility. Br. Poult. Sci., 57:348-357. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1163522.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Holmes R.S. (2012). Comparative studies of vertebrate platelet glycoprotein 4 (CD36). Biomolecules, 2:389-414.10.3390/biom2030389
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hosseini-Mansoub N., Bahrami Y. (2011). Influence of dietary fish oil supplementation on humoral immune response and some selected biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. J. Agrobiol., 28:67–77.10.2478/v10146-011-0008-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hosseini S.M., Nourmohammadi R., Nazarizadeh H., Latshaw D. (2018). Effects of lysolecithin and xylanase supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and lipogenic gene expression in broilers fed low-energy wheat-based diets. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 102:1564-1573.10.1111/jpn.12966
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hu Y.D., Lan D., Zhu Y., Pang H.Z., Mu X.P., Hu X.F. (2018). Effect of diets with different energy and lipase levels on performance, digestibility and carcass trait in broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 31:1275-1284. doi: 10.5713/ajas.17.0755.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Huang J., Yang D., Gao S., Wang T. (2008). Effects of soy-lecithin on lipid metabolism and hepatic expression of lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. Livest. Sci., 118:53-60.10.1016/j.livsci.2008.01.014
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jaapar M.S., Alshelmani M., Humam A.M., Loh T.C., Foo H.L., Akit H. (2020). Effect of feeding prilled palm fat with Lyso-Lecithin on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid profile, carcass, and meat quality. Poult. Sci. J., 8:43-50. doi: 10.22069/psj.2020.17319.1522.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Jansen M., Nuyens F., Buyse J., Leleu S., Van C.L. (2015). Interaction between fat type and lysolecithin supplementation in broiler feeds. Poult. Sci., 94:2506-2515. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev181.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Joshi A., Paratkar S.G., Thorat B.N. (2006). Modification of lecithin by physical, chemical and enzymatic methods. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech., 108:363-373.10.1002/ejlt.200600016
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kaczmarek S.A., Bochenek M., Samuelsson A.C., Rutkowski A. (2015). Effects of glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate on nutrient utilisation and performance of broiler chickens. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 69:285-296.10.1080/1745039X.2015.1061722
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kamel A.E., EL-Eraky W., Razik W.A., Metwally A.E. (2022). Impact of using emulsifier with different calcium and soybean oil levels on broilers performance and minerals deposition. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 12:618-633.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kamran J., Mehmood S., Mahmud A., Saima. (2020). Effect of fat sources and emulsifier levels in broiler diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass parameters. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 22:1-10. doi: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1158.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Kang H.K., Kim C.M. (2016). Effects of dietary supplementation with rice bran oil on the growth performance, blood parameters, and immune response of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci. Technol., 58:1-7. doi: 10.1186/s40781-016-0092-6.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Karcher D.M., Applegate T. (2008). Survey of enterocyte morphology and tight junction formation in the small intestine of avian embryos. Poult. Sci., 87:339-350.10.3382/ps.2007-00342
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kareem K.Y., Abdulla N.R., Foo H.L., Mohd A.N., Zamri N.S., Loh T.C., Alshelmani M.I. (2018). Effect of feeding larvae meal in the diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in broiler chicken. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 88:1180-1185.10.56093/ijans.v88i10.84155
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Karray A., Zarai Z., Gargouri Y., Verger R., Bezzine S. (2011). Kinetic properties of pancreatic and intestinal sPLA2 from chicken and mammals using the monomolecular film technique. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 363:620-625.10.1016/j.jcis.2011.07.041
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kaur N., Chugh V., K. G.A. (2014). Essential fatty acids as functional components of foods-a review. J. Food Sci. Technol., 51:2289–2303. doi: 10.1007/s13197-012-0677-0.419020425328170
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Khatun J., Loh T.C., Akit H., Foo H.L., Mohamad R. (2018). Influence of different sources of oil on performance, meat quality, gut morphology, ileal digestibility and serum lipid profile in broilers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 46:479-485. doi: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1337580.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Khonyoung D., Yamauchi K., Suzuki K. (2015). Influence of dietary fat sources and lysolecithin on growth performance, visceral organ size, and histological intestinal alteration in broiler chickens. Livest. Sci., 176:111-120.10.1016/j.livsci.2015.03.011
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kim E., Purswell J., Davis J., Loar R., Karges K. (2013). Live production and carcass characteristics of broilers fed a blend of poultry fat and corn oil derived from distillers dried grains with solubles. Poult. Sci., 92:2732-2736.10.3382/ps.2012-02954
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kulkarni R.C., Dingore A.D., Durge S.M., Dinani O.P., Amrutkar S.A. (2019). Supplementation of different emulsifiers on performance of broilers. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 7:25-29.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kwak M., Choi S., Choi Y., Lee H., Park M., Whang K. (2022). Effects of sophorolipid on growth performance, organ characteristics, lipid digestion markers and gut functionality and integrity in broiler chickens. Animals, 12:635-646. doi: 10.3390/ani12050635.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Lai W., Cao A., Li J., Zhang W., Zhang L. (2018a). Effect of high dose of bile acids supplementation in broiler feed on growth performance, clinical blood metabolites and organ development. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 27:532-539. doi: 10.3382/japr/pfy040.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Lai W., Huang W., Dong B., Cao A., Zhang W., Li J., Wu H., Zhang L. (2018b). Effects of dietary supplemental bile acids on performance, carcass characteristics, serum lipid metabolites and intestinal enzyme activities of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 97:196-202. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex288.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Lairon D. (2009). Digestion and absorption of lipids, Pages 68-93 in Designing functional foods, ed. by McClements J and Decker E. Sawston, Cambridge.10.1533/9781845696603.1.66
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lamichhane S., Sahtout K., Smillie J., Scott T.A. (2015). Vacuum coating of pelleted feed for broilers: Opportunities and challenges. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 200:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.11.015.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Langhans W., Leitner C., Arnold M. (2011). Dietary fat sensing via fatty acid oxidation in enterocytes: possible role in the control of eating. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 300:554-565.10.1152/ajpregu.00610.2010
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Latshaw J.D. (2008). Daily energy intake of broiler chickens is altered by proximate nutrient content and form of the diet. Poult. Sci., 87:89-95.10.3382/ps.2007-00173
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lavi S., McConnell J.P., Rihal C.S., Prasad A., Mathew V., Lerman L.O., Lerman A. (2007). Local production of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and lysophosphatidylcholine in the coronary circulation: association with early coronary atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in humans. Circulation, 115:2715-2721.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.671420
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Leeson S., Summers J. (2001). Scoot’s Nutrition of the Chicken. 4th ed., University of Guelph, Canada.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lesson S., Semmers J.D. (2005). Commercial poultry nutrition, third edition. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, England. Pp.1-5.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liu W., Pedram R., Javandel F., Nasabian S., Seidavi A. (2017). The effects of different levels of dietary fish oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil on performance and immunity related parameters of broiler chicken. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 27:384-388.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liu X., Yoon S.B., Kim I.H. (2020). Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, excreta microbial counts, meat quality and organ weight on broilers fed with de-oiled lecithin emulsifier. Animal, 10:1-12. doi: 10.3390/ani10030478.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Long S., Xu Y., Wang C., Li C., Liu D., Piao X. (2018). Effects of dietary supplementation with a combination of plant oils on performance, meat quality and fatty acid deposition of broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 31:1773-1780. doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0056.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Lundbaek J.A. (2006). Regulation of membrane protein function by lipid bilayer elasticity: a single molecule technology to measure the bilayer properties experienced by an embedded protein. J. Phys., 18:1305-1344.10.1088/0953-8984/18/28/S13
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mahmood F., Nawaz H., Khan S.H., Yousaf M., Iqbal J. (2022). Impact of supplemental exogenous lysolecithin on performance, fat digestibility and lipid metabolites responses in broilers. Adv. Life Sci., 9:41-48.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maingret F., Patel A.J., Lesage F., Lazdunski M., Honore E. (2000). Lysophospholipids open the two-pore domain mechanogated K (+) channels TREK-1 and TRAAK. J. Biol. Chem., 275:10128-10133. doi: 10.1074/jbc.275.14.10128.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Maisonnier S., Gomez J., Brée A., Berri C., Baéza E., Carré B. (2003). Effects of microflora status, dietary bile salts and guar gum on lipid digestibility, intestinal bile salts, and histomorphology in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 82:805-814. doi: 10.1093/ps/82.5.805.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Maldonado-Valderrama J., Wilde P., Macierzanka A., Mackie A. (2011). The role of bile salts in digestion. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 165:36-46.10.1016/j.cis.2010.12.002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Melegy T., Khaled N., El-Bana R., Abdellatif H. (2010). Dietary fortification of a natural biosurfactant, lysolecithin in broiler. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 5:2886-2892.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Meng X., Slominski B.A., Guenter W. (2004). The effect of fat type, carbohydrase, and lipase addition on growth performance and nutrient utilization of young broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poult. Sci., 83:1718-1727. doi: 10.1093/ps/83.10.1718.15510559
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Mohammadigheisar M., Kim H.S., Kim I.H. (2018). Effect of inclusion of lysolecithin or multi-enzyme in low energy diet of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 46:1198-1201. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1484358.10.1080/09712119.2018.1484358
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mohammed H.A., Horniaková E. (2012). Effect of using saturated and unsaturated fats in broiler diet on carcass performance. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 45:21-29.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Monfaredi A., Rezaei M., Sayyahzadeh H. (2011). Effect of supplemental fat in low energy diets on some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 41:24-32.10.4314/sajas.v41i1.66036
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mu H., Høy C. (2004). The digestion of dietary triacylglycerols. Prog. Lipid Res., 43:105-133.10.1016/S0163-7827(03)00050-X
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nagargoje S.B., Dhumal M., Nikam M., Khose K. (2016). Effect of crude soy lecithin with or without lipase on performance and carcass traits, meat keeping quality and economics of broiler chicken. Int. J. Livest. Res., 6:46-46. doi: 10.5455/ijlr.20161218124154.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Nasrin M., Siddiqi M.N.H., Masum M.A., Wares M.A. (2012). Gross and histological studies of digestive tract of broilers during postnatal growth and development. J. Bangladesh Agric.Univ., 10:69-77.10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12096
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nazir M.A. (2014). Effect of an emulsifier (Actifier®) on growth perforamnce, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics in commercial broilers. M.Sc. (Hons.) Thesis. Univ. Agric. Faisalabad, Pakistan.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Neto G.A.C., Pezzato A.C., Sartori J.R., Mori C., Cruz V.C., Fascina V.B., Pinheiro D.F., Madeira L.A., Gonçalvez J.C. (2011). Emulsifier in broiler diets containing different fat sources. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 13:119-125. doi: 10.1590/S1516-635X2011000200006.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Ni G., Li Z., Liang K., Wu T., De Libero G., Xia C. (2014). Synthesis and evaluation of immunostimulant plasmalogen lysophosphatidylethanolamine and analogues for natural killer T cells. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 22:2966-2973.10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.012
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Niot I., Poirier H., Tran T.T.T., Besnard P. (2009). Intestinal absorption of long-chain fatty acids: Evidence and uncertainties. Prog. Lipid Res., 48:101-115.10.1016/j.plipres.2009.01.00119280719
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nobakht A., Tabatbaei S., Khodaei S. (2011). Effects of different sources and levels of vegetable oils on performance, carcass traits and accumulation of vitamin E in breast meat of broilers. Curr. Res. J. Biol. Sci., 3:601-605.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Noy Y., Sklan D. (1995). Digestion and absorption in the young chick. Poult. Sci., 74:366-373.10.3382/ps.07403667724461
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Noy Y., Sklan D. (1998). Metabolic responses to early nutrition. J. App. Poult. Res., 7:437-451.10.1093/japr/7.4.437
]Search in Google Scholar
[
NRC. (1994). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised Edition ed. National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave, Washington, DC 20418.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nyquist N.F., Rødbotten R., Thomassen M., Haug A. (2013). Chicken meat nutritional value when feeding red palm oil, palm oil or rendered animal fat in combinations with linseed oil, rapeseed oil and two levels of selenium. Lipids Health Dis., 12:1-13.10.1186/1476-511X-12-69
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Papadopoulos G., Poutahidis T., Chalvatzi S., Di Benedetto M., Hardas A., Tsiouris V., Georgopoulou I., Arsenos G. (2018). Effects of lysolecithin supplementation in low-energy diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, viscosity and intestinal morphology of broilers. Br. Poult. Sci., 59:232-239. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1423676.29293022
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Parsaie S., Shariatmadari F., Zamiri M., Khajeh K. (2007). Influence of wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase, bile acid and antibiotics on performance, digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers compared with a maize-based diet. Br. Poult. Sci., 48:594-600. doi: 10.1080/00071660701615788.17952731
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Peña J.E.M., Viera S.L., Borsatti L., Pontin C., H.V. R. (2014). Energy utilization of byproducts from the soybean oil industry by broiler chickens: Acidulated soapstock, lecithin, glycerol and their mixture. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 16:437-442.10.1590/1516-635X1604437-442
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pesti G.M., Bakalli R.I., Qiao M., Sterling K.G. (2002). A comparison of eight grades of fat as broiler feed ingredients. Poult. Sci., 81:382–390.10.1093/ps/81.3.382
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Polycarpo G.V., Cruz V.C., Alexandre N.C., Fascina V.B., Souza I.M.G.P., Cravo J.C.M., Albuquerque R., Sartori J.R., Pezzato A.C. (2014). Effect of lipid sources and inclusion levels in diets for broiler chickens. Braz. Arch. Vet. Med. Anim. Sci., 66:519-528.10.1590/1678-41626629
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Poorghasemi M., Seidavi A., Qotbi A.A.Q., Laudadio V., Tufarelli V. (2013). Influence of dietary fat source on growth performance responses and carcass traits of broiler chicks. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 26:705-710.10.5713/ajas.2012.12633
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Poureslami R., Raes K., Huyghebaert G., De Smet S. (2010a). Effects of diet, age and gender on the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of broiler anatomical compartments. Br. Poult. Sci., 51:81-91.10.1080/0007166090341951820390572
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Poureslami R., Raes K., Turchini G.M., Huyghebaert G., De Smet S. (2010b). Effect of diet, sex and age on fatty acid metabolism in broiler chickens: N-3 and n-6 PUFA. Br. J. Nutr., 104:189-197. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510000395.20187998
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Preston C., McCracken K., Bedford M. (2001). Effect of wheat content, fat source and enzyme supplementation on diet metabolisability and broiler performance. Br. Poult. Sci., 42:625-632.10.1080/00071660120088443
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Raven P.H., Johnson G.B., B. L.J., Singer S.R. (2005). Biology, seventh edition. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ravindran V., Tancharoenrat P., Zaefarian F., Ravindran G. (2016). Fats in poultry nutrition: Digestive physiology and factors influencing their utilisation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 213:1-21. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.01.012.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Richards M.P., Poch S.M., Coon C.N., Rosebrough R.W., Ashwell C.M., McMurtry J.P. (2003). Feed restriction significantly alters lipogenic gene expression in broiler breeder chickens. J. Nutr., 133:707-715.10.1093/jn/133.3.707
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rondelli S., Martinez O., García P. (2003). Sex effect on productive parameters, carcass and body fat composition of two commercial broilers lines. Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 5:169-173.10.1590/S1516-635X2003000300002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rosebrough R.W., Russell B.A., Richards M.P. (2011). Further studies on short-term adaptations in the expression of lipogenic genes in broilers. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 159:1-6.10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.10.032
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rovers M., Excentials O. (2014). Saving energy and feed cost with nutritional emulsifier. Intl. Poult. Prod, 22:7-8.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Roy A., Haldar S., Mondal S., Ghosh T.K. (2010). Effects of supplemental exogenous emulsifier on performance, nutrient metabolism and serum lipid profile in broiler chickens. Vet. Med. Int., 2010:1-9. doi: 10.4061/2010/262604.291045620671938
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Sadeghi G.H., Tabiedian S.A. (2005). Effect of different energy to protein ratio and tallow supplementation on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4:976-981.10.3923/ijps.2005.976.981
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Saleh A.A., A. A., Mousa M.M., Nada A.L., Awad W., Dawood M.A.O., Abd El-Moneim A.E.E., T. A., Abdel-Daim M.M. (2020). A mixture of exogenous emulsifiers increased the acceptance of broilers to low energy diets: Growth performance, blood chemistry and fatty acids traits. Animals, 10:437-447. doi: 10.3390/ani10030437.714242832150863
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Samar M.E., Ávila R.E., Esteban F.J., Olmedo L., Dettin L., Massone A., Pedrosa J.A., Peinado M.A. (2002). Histochemical and ultrastructural study of the chicken salivary palatine glands. Acta Histochem., 104:199-207.10.1078/0065-1281-00627
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sanz M., Flores A., Lopez-Bote C.J. (2000). The metabolic use of energy from dietary fat in broilers is affected by fatty acid saturation. Br. Poult. Sci., 41:61-68.10.1080/00071660086411
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shahid I., Anwar U., Swar S.O., Saleem M.I., Butt S.F., Khan W., Bilal M.Q., Riaz M., Chishti M.F.A., Hussain M., Asif A.R., Rahman M.A. (2021). Effect of emulsifier (lysophospholipid) supplementation in broilers during different phases on growth performance, blood profile, digestibility, economics and meat quality. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., 58:1033-1040. doi: 10.21162/PAKJAS/21.972.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Shahryar H.A., Salamatdoust R., Lak A., Lotfi A. (2011). Effect of dietary supplemented canola oil and poultry fat on the performance and carcass characterizes of broiler chickens. J. Biol. Sci., 3:388-392.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shoaib M., Bhatti S.A., Iqbal H., Ashraf S., Sahar N., Hamid M.M.A., Asim M., Hussain M. (2022). Production efficiency, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality of broilers reared on different fat sources and emulsifiers. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 46:263-274. doi: 10.3906/vet-2110-15.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Shoaib M., Bhatti S.A., Nawaz H., Saif-ur-Rehman M. (2021a). Effect of different emulsifiers on growth performance, intestinal histology and serum biochemistry in broilers reared on different fat sources. Pak. Vet. J., 41:185-190. doi: 10.29261/pakvetj/2021.012.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Shoaib M., Bhatti S.A., Nawaz H., Saif-ur-Rehman M. (2021b). Effect of different fat sources and energy levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in broiler chicks. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 31:1252-1262. doi: 10.36899/JAPS.2021.5.0325.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Shoaib M., Bhatti S.A., Nawaz H., Saif-ur-Rehman M. (2021c). Effect of lipase and bile acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in broilers on energy-diluted diets. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 45:148-157. doi:10.3906/vet-2008-52.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Siyal F.A., El-Hack M.E.A., Alagawany M., Wang C., Wan X., He J., Wang M., Zhang L., Zhong X., Wang T., Dhama K. (2017). Effect of soy lecithin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and hepatic antioxidant parameters of broiler chickens. Int. J. Pharmacol., 13:396-402. doi: 10.3923/ijp.2017.396.402.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Sklan D., Shachaf B., Baron J., Hurwitz S. (1978). Retrograde movement of digesta in the duodenum of the chick: extent, frequency, and nutritional implications. J. Nutr., 108:1485–1490.10.1093/jn/108.9.1485
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Skrivan M., Skrivanova V., Marounek M., Tumova E., Wolf J. (2000). Influence of dietary fat source and copper supplementation on broiler performance, fatty acid profile of meat and depot fat, and on cholesterol content in meat. Br. Poult. Sci., 41:608-614.10.1080/713654978
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Smink W., Gerrits W.J.J., Hovenier R., Geelen M.J.H., Verstegen M.W.A., Beynen A.C. (2010). Effect of dietary fat sources on fatty acid deposition and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 89:2432-2440.10.3382/ps.2010-00665
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Soares M., Lopez-Bote C. (2002). Effects of dietary lecithin and fat unsaturation on nutrient utilisation in weaned piglets. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 95:169-177.10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00324-8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Srinivasan G., Arulnathan N., Thanaseelaan V., Chauhan S. (2022). Evolving emulsifier supplementation strategy for low energy diet in broiler chickens. Indian J. Anim. Res., 56:575-578. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-4207.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Svihus B. (2011). The gizzard: Function, influence ofdiet structure and effects on nutrient availability. World Poultry Sci. J., 67:207-223.10.1017/S0043933911000249
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Svihus B. (2014). Function of the digestive system. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 23:306-314.10.3382/japr.2014-00937
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Svihus B., Hetland H., Choct M., Sundby F. (2002). Passage rate through the anterior digestive tract of broiler chickens fed on diets with ground or whole wheat. Br. Poult. Sci., 43:662-668.10.1080/0007166021000025037
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Svihus B., Sacranie A., Denstadli V., Choct M. (2010). Nutrient utilization and functionality of the anterior digestive tract caused by intermittent feeding and inclusion of whole wheat in diets for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 89:2617-2625.10.3382/ps.2010-00743
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Swennen Q., Janssens G.P.J., Decuypere E., Buyse J. (2004). Effects of substitution between fat and protein on feed intake and its regulatory mechanisms in broiler chickens: energy and protein metabolism and diet-induced thermogenesis. Poult. Sci., 83:1997-2004.10.1093/ps/83.12.1997
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tabeidian A., Sadeghi G., Pourreza J. (2005). Effect of dietary protein levels and soybean oil supplementation on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4:799-803.10.3923/ijps.2005.799.803
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Takahashi M., Okazaki H., Ogata Y., Takeuchi K., Ikeda U., Shimada K. (2002). Lysophosphatidylcholine induces apoptosis in human endothelial cells through a p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. Atherosclerosis, 161:387-394.10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00674-8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tan H.S., Zulkifli I., Farjam A.S., Goh Y.M., Croes E., Karmakar S. (2016). Effect of exogenous emulsifier on growth performance, fat digestibility, apparent metabolisable energy in broiler chickens. J. Microbiol. Biotechn., 4:7-10.10.54987/jobimb.v4i1.281
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tan S., Thomas D., Camden B., Kadim I., Morel P., Pluske J. (2000). Improving the nutritive value of full-fat rice bran for broiler chickens using a lipase-based enzyme preparation. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 13:360-368.10.5713/ajas.2000.360
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tancharoenrat P., Ravindran V., Zaefarian F., Ravindran G. (2013). Influence of age on the apparent metabolisable energy and total tract apparent fat digestibility of different fat sources for broiler chickens. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 186:186-192.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.10.013
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tancharoenrat P., Ravindran V., Zaefarian F., Ravindran G. (2014). Digestion of fat and fatty acids along the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 93:371-379.10.3382/ps.2013-03344
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tenório K.I., Eyng C., Duarte C.R.A., Nunes R.V., Broch J., Júnior N.R., Köhler T.L., Cirilo E.H. (2022). Effect of lipid source and emulsifier on productive and physiological parameters of broilers. Anim. Biosci., 35:54-63. doi: 10.5713/ab.20.0621.873892933332941
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Thomas M., van Vliet T., van der Poel A.F.B. (1998). Physical quality of pelleted animal feed 3. Contribution of feedstuff components. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 70:59-78.10.1016/S0377-8401(97)00072-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tisch D. (2006). Animal Feeds, Feeding and Nutrition, and Ration Evaluation. 1st ed. Thomson Delmar Learning, Clifton Park, New York, USA.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tso P., Nauli A., Lo C.M. (2004). Enterocyte fatty acid uptake and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 32:75-78.10.1042/bst0320075
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Upadhaya S.D., Lee J.S., Jung K.J., Kim I.H. (2017). Influence of emulsifier blends having different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum lipid profiles, and meat quality of broilers. Poult. Sci., 97:255-261.10.3382/ps/pex303
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van den Borne J., Heetkamp M., Buyse J., Niewold T.A. (2015). Fat coating of Ca butyrate results in extended butyrate release in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Livest. Sci., 175:96-100. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.02.016.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Villaverde C., Cortinas L., Barroeta A.C., Martín-Orúe S.M., Baucells M.D. (2004). Relationship between dietary unsaturation and vitamin E in poultry. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 88:143-149.10.1111/j.1439-0396.2003.00471.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang J.X., Peng K.M. (2008). Developmental morphology of the small intestine of african ostrich chicks. Poult. Sci., 87:2629-2635.10.3382/ps.2008-00163
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wang P.H., Ko Y.H., Chin H.J., Hsu C., Ding S.T., Chen C.Y. (2009). The effect of feed restriction on expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in broiler chickens and the function of SREBP1. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 153:327-331.10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.04.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wilde P.J., Chu B.S. (2011). Interfacial and colloidal aspects of lipid digestion. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 165:14-22.10.1016/j.cis.2011.02.004
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wrigley C.W. (2010). Cereal-grain morphology and composition, Pages 24-44 in Cereal grains: assesing and managing quality, ed. by C. W. Wrigley and I. L. Batey, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge, UK.10.1533/9781845699529.1.24
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yang X., Zhuang J., Rao K., Li X., Zhao R. (2010). Effect of early feed restriction on hepatic lipid metabolism and expression of lipogenic genes in broiler chickens. Res. Vet. Sci., 89:438-444.10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.003
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yuan J.M., Guo Y.M., Yang Y., Wang Z.H. (2007). Characterization of fatty acid digestion of beijing fatty and arbor acres chickens. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 20:1222-1228.10.5713/ajas.2007.1222
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zaefarian F., Romero L., Ravindran V. (2015). Influence of high dose of phytase and an emulsifier on performance, apparent metabolisable energy and nitrogen retention in broilers fed on diets containing soy oil or tallow. Br. Poult. Sci., 56:590-597. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1067878.26132590
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Zampiga M., Meluzzi A., Sirri F. (2016). Effect of dietary supplementation of lysophospholipids on productive performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass quality traits of broiler chickens. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 15:521-528. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2016.1192965.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Zhang B., Haitao L., Zhao D., Guo Y., Barri A. (2011). Effect of fat type and lysophosphatidylcholine addition to broiler diets on performance, apparent digestibility of fatty acids, and apparent metabolisable energy content. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 163:177-184. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.10.004.
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Zhao P.Y., Kim I.H. (2017). Effect of diets with different energy and lipase levels on performance, digestibility and carcass trait in broilers. Poult. Sci., 96:1341–1347. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew469.28204735
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Zhong X., Gao S., Wang J.J., Dong L., Huang J., Zhang L.L., Wang T. (2014). Effects of linseed oil and palm oil on growth performance, tibia fatty acid and biomarkers of bone metabolism in broilers. Br. Poult. Sci., 55:335–342. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2014.891097.24641587
]Ouvrir le DOISearch in Google Scholar
[
Zosangpuii Patra A.K., Samanta G. (2015). Inclusion of an emulsifier to the diets containing different sources of fats on performances of Khaki Campbell ducks. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 16: 156–160.
]Search in Google Scholar
