Silver and Zinc Nanoparticles in Animal Nutrition – A Review

Adams L.K., Lyon D.Y., Alvarez P.J.J. (2006). Comparative eco-toxicity of nanoscale TiO₂, SiO₂, and ZnO water suspensions. Water Res., 40: 3527–3532.10.1016/j.watres.2006.08.004Search in Google Scholar

Ahmadi J. (2009). Application of different levels of silver nanoparticles in food on the performance and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. World Ap. Sci. J., 7: 24–27.Search in Google Scholar

Ahmadi F., Branch S. (2012). Impact of different levels of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on performance, oxidative enzymes and blood parameters in broiler chicks. Pak. Vet. J., 32: 325–328.Search in Google Scholar

Ahmadi F., Khah M.M., Javid S., Zarneshan A., Akradi L., Salehifar P. (2013). The effect of dietary silver nanoparticles on performance, immune organs, and lipid serum of broiler chickens during starter period. Inter. J. Biosci, 3: 95–100.10.12692/ijb/3.5.95-100Search in Google Scholar

Al-Yasiry A.R.M., Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W. (2017). The nutritional value and content of mineral elements in meat of broiler chicken feed diets supplemented with Boswellia serrata. J. Elem., 22: 1027–1037.10.5601/jelem.2017.22.1.1294Search in Google Scholar

Antonelli M., De Pascale G., Ranieri V.M., Pelaia P., Tufano R., Piazza O., Zangrillo A., Ferrario A., De Gaetano A., Guaglianone E., Donelli G. (2012). Comparison of triple-lumen central venous catheters impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgTiveR) vs conventional catheters in intensive care unit patients. J. Hosp. Infect., 82: 101–107.10.1016/j.jhin.2012.07.010Search in Google Scholar

Arabi F., Imandar M., Negahdary M., Imandar M., Noughabi M. T., Akbari-dastjerdi H., Fazilati M. (2012). Investigation anti-bacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles upon life of Listeria monocytogenes. Ann. Biol. Res., 7: 3679–3685.Search in Google Scholar

Atiyeh B.S., Costagliola M., Hayek S.N., Dibo S.A. (2007). Effect of silver on burn wound infection control and healing: review of the literature. Burns, 33: 139–148.10.1016/j.burns.2006.06.010Search in Google Scholar

Auffan M., Rose J., Bottero J.Y., Lowry G.V., Jolivet J.P., Wiesner M.R. (2009). To wards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective. Nat. Nanotechnol., 4: 634–641.10.1038/nnano.2009.242Search in Google Scholar

Boudreau M.D., Imam M.S., Paredes A.M., Bryant M.S., Cunningham C.K., Felton R.P., Jones M.Y., Davis K.J., Olson G.R. (2016). Differential effects of silver nanoparticles and silver ions on tissue accumulation, distribution, and toxicity in the Sprague Dawley rat following daily oral gavage administration for 13 weeks. Toxicol. Sci., 150: 131–160.10.1093/toxsci/kfv318Search in Google Scholar

Buzea C., Pacheco I.I., Robbie K. (2007). Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity. Biointerphases, 2: MR17–MR71.10.1116/1.2815690Search in Google Scholar

Chen H., Zhao R., Wang B., Cai C., Zheng L., Wang H., Wang M., Ouyang H., Zou X., Chai Z., Zhao Y., Feng W. (2017). The effects of orally administered Ag, TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles on gut microbiota composition and colitis induction in mice. NanoImpact, 8: 80–88.10.1016/j.impact.2017.07.005Search in Google Scholar

Chen Y., Chen H., Shi J. (2013). In vivo bio-safety evaluations and diagnostic/therapeutic applications of chemically designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Adv. Mater., 23: 3144–3176.10.1002/adma.201205292Search in Google Scholar

Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A., Tymczyna L., Dobrowolska M., Banach M., Nowakowicz-Dębek B., Bryl M., Drabik A., Tymczyna-Sobotka M., Kolejko M. (2015). Silver (Ag) in tissues and eggshells, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in chickens. Open Chem., 13: 1269–1274.10.1515/chem-2015-0140Search in Google Scholar

Choi O., Hu Z. (2008). Size dependent and reactive oxygen species related nanosilver toxicity to nitrifying bacteria. Envir. Sci. Tech., 42: 4583–4588.10.1021/es703238hSearch in Google Scholar

Choi O., Deng K.K., Kim N.J., Ross L.Jr., Surampalli R.Y., Hu Z. (2008). The inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles, silver ions and silver chloride colloids on microbial growth. Water Res., 42: 3066–3074.10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.021Search in Google Scholar

Chook S.W., Chia C.H., Zakaria S., Ayob M.K., Chee K.L., Huang N.M., Neoh H.M., Lim H.N., Jamal R., Fadhil R.M., Rahman R.A. (2012). Antibacterial performance of Ag nanoparticles and AgGO nanocomposites prepared via rapid microwave-assisted synthesis method. Nanoscale Res. Lett., 7: 541.10.1186/1556-276X-7-541Search in Google Scholar

Cui L., Chen P., Chen S., Yuan Z., Yu C., Ren B., Zhang K. (2013). In situ study of the antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of silver nanoparticles by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal. Chem., 85: 5436–5443.10.1021/ac400245jSearch in Google Scholar

Curtis A., Wilkinson C. (2001). Nanotechniques and approaches in biotechnology. Mater. Today, 4: 22–28.10.1016/S1369-7021(01)80035-3Search in Google Scholar

Dhas S.P., Shiny P.J., Khan S., Mukherjee A., Chandrasekaran N. (2014). Toxic behavior of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on environmental microorganisms. J. Basic Microbiol., 54: 916–927.10.1002/jobm.201200316Search in Google Scholar

Diarra M.S., Silversides F.G., Diarrassouba F. (2007). Impact of feed supplementation with antimicrobial agents on growth performance of broiler chickens, Clostridium perfringens and enterococcus counts, and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and distribution of antimicrobial resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 73: 6566–6576.10.1128/AEM.01086-07Search in Google Scholar

Dos Santos C.A., Seckler M.M., Ingle A.P., Gupta I., Galdiero S., Galdiero M., Gade A., Rai M. (2014). Silver nanoparticles: therapeutical uses, toxicity, and safety issues. J. Pharm. Sci., 103: 1931–1944.10.1002/jps.24001Search in Google Scholar

Elkloub K., Moustafa M.E., Ghazalah A.A., Rehan A.A.A. (2015). Effect of dietary nanosilver on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 14: 177–182.10.3923/ijps.2015.177.182Search in Google Scholar

EU Recommendation (2011). Recommendation on the definition of a nanomaterial, 696. EU.Search in Google Scholar

Felehgari K., Ahmadi F., Rokhzadi A., Kurdestany A.H., Khah M.M. (2013). The effect of dietary silver nanoparticles and inorganic selenium supplementation on performance and digestive organs of broilers during starter period. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., 2: 104–108.Search in Google Scholar

Ferket P. (2011). Strategies for finding alternatives to growth promoters. Available from: http://en.engormix.com/MA-poultry-industry/management/articles/strategies-finding-alternatives-growth-t1771/124-p0.htm. Accessed August 1, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

Fondevila M. (2010). Potential use of silver nanoparticles as an additive in animal feeding, silver nanoparticles, Perez D.P. (ed.), InTech, DOI: 10.5772/8509. Available from: http://www.intecho-pen.com/books/silver-nanoparticles/potential-use-of-silver-nanoparticles-as-an-additive-in-animal-feeding10.5772/8509.Availablefrom:http://www.intecho-pen.com/books/silver-nanoparticles/---silver-nanoparticles-----animal-feedingOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fondevila M., Herrer R., Casallas M.C., Abecia L., Ducha J.J. (2009). Silver nanoparticles as a potential antimicrobial additive for weaned pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 150: 259–269.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.09.003Search in Google Scholar

Gallocchio F., Biancotto G., Cibin V., Losasso C., Belluco S., Peters R., van Bemmel G., Cascio C., Weigel S., Tromp P., Gobbo F., Catania S., Ricci A. (2017). Transfer study of silver nanoparticles in poultry production. J. Agric. Food Chem., 65: 3767–3774.10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00670Search in Google Scholar

Grela E.R., Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Kiczorowski P., Rybiński W., Hanczakowska E. (2017). Chemical composition of chosen leguminous. Part I. Basic nutrients, amino acids, antinutritional factors and antioxidant activity. European Food Res. Tech., 243: 1385–1395.10.1007/s00217-017-2849-7Search in Google Scholar

Hartemann P., Hoet P., Proykova A., Fernandes T., Baun A., De Jong W., Filser J., Hensten A., Kneuer K., Maillard J-V., Norppa H., Scheringer M., Wijnh oven S. (2015). Nanosilver: safety, health and environmental effects and role in antimicrobial resistance. Materials Today, 18: 122–123.10.1016/j.mattod.2015.02.014Search in Google Scholar

Hassanabadi A., Hajati H., Bahreini L. (2012). The effects of nano-silver on performance, carcass characteristics, immune system and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. Proc. 3rd International Veterinary Poultry Congress.Search in Google Scholar

Hendrickson O.D., Klochkov S.G., Novikova O.V., Bravova I.M., Shevtsova E.F., Safenkova I.V., Zherdev A.V., Bachurin S.O., Dzantiev B.B. (2016). Toxicity of nanosilver in intragastric studies: Biodistribution and metabolic effects. Toxicol. Lett., 241: 184–192.10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.018Search in Google Scholar

Houtkooper R.H., Argmann C., Houten S.M., Cantó C., Jeninga E.H., Andreux P.A., Thomas C., Doenlen R., Schoonjans K., Auwerx J. (2011). The metabolic footprint of aging in mice. Sci. Rep., 1: 134.10.1038/srep00134Search in Google Scholar

Hwang M.G., Katayama H., Ohgaki S. (2007). Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evaluation of the bactericidal ability of silver cations. Water Res., 41: 4097–4104.10.1016/j.watres.2007.05.052Search in Google Scholar

Kędziora A., Gerasymchuk Y., Sroka E., Bugała-Płoskońska G., Doroszkiewicz W., Rybak Z., Hreniak D., Wiglusz R., Stręk W. (2013). Use of the materials based on partially reduced graphene-oxide with silver nanoparticle as bacteriostatic and bactericidal agen (in Polish). Polim. Med., 43: 129–134.Search in Google Scholar

Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Grela E.R, Andrejk o D. (2015 a). Effect of infrared-irradiated pea seeds in mixtures for broilers on the health status and selected performance indicators of the birds (in Polish). Med. Wet., 71: 583–588.Search in Google Scholar

Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Kwiecień M., Winiarska-Mieczan A., Rusinek-Prystupa E., Al-Yasiry A.R.M. (2015 b). Nutritive value and contents of minerals in eggs produced in large-scale, courtyard and organic systems. J. Elem., 20: 887–898.10.5601/jelem.2014.19.4.701Search in Google Scholar

Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Andrejk o D. (2016 a). Effect of micronized pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) as a substitute of soybean meal on tissue fatty acid composition and quality of broiler chicken meat. Anim. Sci. J., 87: 1396–1406.10.1111/asj.12592Search in Google Scholar

Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Al-Yasiry A.R.M. Kowalczyk-Pecka D. (2016 b). Effect of supplementation of mixtures for broiler chickens with Boswellia serrata on the condition of the gastrointestinal tract and rearing efficiency. Ann. Anim. Sci., 16: 835–849.10.1515/aoas-2016-0007Search in Google Scholar

Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Al-Yasiry A.R.M, Kiczorowski P., Winiarska-Mieczan A. (2017). The natural feed additives as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition – a review. Ann. Anim. Sci., 17: 1–21.10.1515/aoas-2016-0076Search in Google Scholar

Kim Y.S., Kim J.S., Cho H.S., Rha D.S., Kim J.M., Park J.D., Choi B.S., Lim R., Chang H.K., Chung Y.H., Kwon I.H., Jeong J., Han B.S., Yu I.J. (2008). Twenty-eight-day oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and gender-related tissue distribution of silver nanoparticles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Inhalation Toxicol., 20: 575–583.10.1080/08958370701874663Search in Google Scholar

Kumar S. (2010). Nanotechnology and animal health. Vet. World, 3: 567–569.10.5455/vetworld.2010.567-569Search in Google Scholar

Lara H.H., Ayala-Nunez N.V., Turrent L.C.I., Padilla C.R. (2009). Bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant bacteria. World J. Microb. Biot., 26: 615–621.10.1007/s11274-009-0211-3Search in Google Scholar

Li M.Z., Huang J.T., Tsai Y.H., Mao S.Y., Fu C.M., Lien T.F. (2016). Nanosize of zinc oxide and the effects on zinc digestibility, growth performances, immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets. Anim. Sci. J., 87: 1379–1385.10.1111/asj.12579Search in Google Scholar

Li W.R., Xie X.B., Shi Q.S., Duan S.S., Ouyang Y.S., Chen Y.B. (2011). Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus. Biometals, 24: 135–141.10.1007/s10534-010-9381-6Search in Google Scholar

Lin W., Xu Y., Huang C., Ma Y., Shannon K.B., Chen D., Huang Y.W. (2009). Toxicity of nano-and microsized ZnO particles in human lung epithelial cells. J. Nanopart. Res., 11: 25–39.10.1007/s11051-008-9419-7Search in Google Scholar

Lipińska I. (2015). Innovation risks in production of food – legal and economic aspects (in Polish). Stowarzyszenie Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu. Rocz. Nauk., 17: 129–134.Search in Google Scholar

Liu Y., He L., Mustapha A., Li H., Hu Z.Q., Lin M. (2009). Antibacterial activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. App. Microbiol., 107: 1193–1201.10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04303.xSearch in Google Scholar

Lok C.N., Ho C.M., Chen R., He Q.Y., Yu W.Y., Sun H., Kwong-Hang Tam P., Chiu J.F., Che C.M. (2007). Silver nanoparticles: partial oxidation and antibacterial activities. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 12: 527–534.10.1007/s00775-007-0208-zSearch in Google Scholar

Martinez-Castanon G.A., Nino-Martinez N., Martinez-Gutierrez F., Martinez-Mendoza J.R., Ruiz F. (2008). Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles with different sizes. J. Nanoparticle Res., 10: 1343–1348.10.1007/s11051-008-9428-6Search in Google Scholar

Milani N.C., Sbardella M., Ikeda N.Y., Arno A., Mascarenhas B.C., Miyada V.S. (2017). Dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles as growth promoter for weanling pigs. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 227: 13–23.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.03.001Search in Google Scholar

Mohammadi V., Ghazanfari S., Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A., Nazaran M.H. (2015). Comparative effects of zinc-nano complexes, zinc-sulphate and zinc-methionine on performance in broiler chickens. Brit. Poultry Sci., 56: 486–493.10.1080/00071668.2015.1064093Search in Google Scholar

Najafzadeh H., Ghoreishi S.M., Mohammadian B., Rahimi E., Afzalzadeh M.R., Kazemivarnamkhasti M., Ganjealidaran H. (2013). Serum biochemical and histopathological changes in liver and kidney in lambs after zinc oxide nanoparticles administration. Vet. World, 6: 534–537.10.5455/vetworld.2013.534-537Search in Google Scholar

Nirmala R., Sheikh F.A., Kanjwal M.A., Lee J.H., Park S.-J., Navamathavan R., Kim H.Y. (2010). Synthesis and characterization of bovine femur bone hydroxyapatite containing silver nanoparticles for the biomedical applications. J. Nanoparticle Res., 13: 1917–1927.10.1007/s11051-010-9944-zSearch in Google Scholar

Nistico R., Rosellini A., Rivolo P., Faga M.G., Lamberti R., Martorana S., Castellino M., Virga A., Mandracci P., Malandrino M., Magnacca G. (2015). Surface functionalisation of polypropylene hernia-repair meshes by RF-activated plasma polymerisation of acrylic acid and silver nanoparticles. Appl. Surf. Sci., 328: 287–295.10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.050Search in Google Scholar

Ognik K., Sembratowicz I., Cholewińska E., Wlazło Ł., Nowakowicz-Dębek B., Szlązak R., Tutaj K. (2016). The effect of chemically-synthesized silver nanoparticles on performance and the histology and microbiological profile of the jejunum in chickens. Ann. Anim. Sci., 16: 439–450.10.1515/aoas-2015-0067Search in Google Scholar

Padmavathy N., Vijayaraghavan R. (2008). Enhanced bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles – an antimicrobial study. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 9: 1–7.10.1088/1468-6996/9/3/035004Search in Google Scholar

Park E.-J., Bae E., Yi J., Kim Y., Choi K., Lee S.H., Yoon J., Lee B.C., Park K. (2010). Repeated-dose toxicity and inflammatory responses in mice by oral administration of silver nanoparticles. Environ. Sci. Technol., 30: 162–168.10.1016/j.etap.2010.05.004Search in Google Scholar

Pineda L., Sawosz E., Lauridsen C., Engberg R.M., Elnif J., Hotowy A., Sa-wosz F., Chwalibog A. (2012). Influence of in ovo injection and subsequent provision of silver nanoparticles on growth performance, microbial profile, and immune status of broiler chickens. Open Access Anim. Physiol., 4: 1–8.10.2147/OAAP.S35100Search in Google Scholar

Rai M., Yadav A., Gade A. (2009). Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol. Adv., 27: 76–83.10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002Search in Google Scholar

Rajendran D., Kumar G., Ramakrishnan S., Thomas K.S. (2013). Enhancing the milk production and immunity in Holstein Friesian crossbred cow by supplementing novel nano zinc oxide. Res. J. Biotechnol., 8: 11–17.Search in Google Scholar

Rajendran R., Balakumar C., Hasabo A.M.A., Jayakumar S., Vaideki K., Ra-jesh E.M. (2010). Use of zinc oxide nanoparticles for production of antimicrobial textiles. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2: 202–208.10.4314/ijest.v2i1.59113Search in Google Scholar

Sabella S., Carney R.P., Brunetti V., Malvindi M.A., Al-Juffali N., Vecchio G., Janes S.M., Bakr O.M., Cingolani R., Stellacci F., Pompa P.P. (2014). A general mechanism for intracellular toxicity of metal-containing nanoparticles. Nanoscale, 6: 7052–7061.10.1039/c4nr01234hSearch in Google Scholar

Sawosz E., Binek M., Grodzik M., Zielińska M., Sysa P., Szmidt M., Niemiec T., Chwalibog A. (2007). Influence of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles on gastrointestinal microflora and morphology of enterocytes of quails. Arch. Tierernahr., 6: 444–451.10.1080/17450390701664314Search in Google Scholar

Sawosz E., Grodzik M., Zielinska M., Niemiec T., Olszanska B., Chwalibog A. (2009). Nanoparticles of silver do not affect growth, development and DNA oxidative damage in chicken embryos. Eur. Poult. Sci., 73: 208–213.Search in Google Scholar

Sawosz E., Grodzik M., Lisowski P., Zwierzchowski L., Niemiec T., Zieliń-ska M., Szmidt M., Chwalibog A. (2010). Influence of hydrocolloids of Ag, Au, and Ag/Cu alloy nanoparticles on the inflammatory state at transcriptional level. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 54: 81–85.Search in Google Scholar

Seil J.T., Webster T.J. (2012). Antibacterial effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles combined with ultra-sound. Nanotech., 23: 495101.10.1088/0957-4484/23/49/495101Search in Google Scholar

Shrivastava S., Bera T., Roy A., Singh G., Ramachandrarao P., Dash D. (2007). Characterization of enhanced antibacterial effects of novel silver nanoparticles. Nanotech, 18: 225103.10.1088/0957-4484/18/22/225103Search in Google Scholar

Sirelkhatim A., Mahmud S., Seeni A., Kaus N.H.M., Ann L.C., Bakhori S.K.M., Hasan H., Mohamad D. (2015). Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-Micro Lett., 7: 219–242.10.1007/s40820-015-0040-xSearch in Google Scholar

Skalska J., Frontczak-Baniewicz M., Strużyńska L. (2015). Synaptic degeneration in rat brain after prolonged oral exposure to silver nanoparticles. Neurotoxicology, 46: 145–154.10.1016/j.neuro.2014.11.002Search in Google Scholar

Smekalova M., Aragon V., Panacek A., Prucek R., Zboril R., Kvitek L. (2016). Enhanced antibacterial effect of antibiotics in combination with silver nanoparticles against animal pathogens. Vet. J., 209: 174–179.10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.032Search in Google Scholar

Smith J., Sones K., Grace D., Mac Millan S., Tarawali S., Herrero M. (2013). Beyond milk, meat, and eggs: Role of livestock in food and nutrition security. Anim. Front., 3: 6–13.10.2527/af.2013-0002Search in Google Scholar

Soltani M., Ghodratnema M., Ahari A., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi H.A., Atee M., Dastmalchi F., Rahmanya J., (2009). The inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles on the bacterial fish pathogens, Streptococcus iniae, Lactococcus garvieae, Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila. Int. J. Vet. Res., 3: 137–142.Search in Google Scholar

Speed D., Westerhoff P., Sierra-Alvarez R., Draper R., Pantano P., Aravamudhan S., Chen K.L., Hristovski K., Herckes P., Bi X., Yang Y., Zeng C., Otero-Gonzalez L., Mikoryak C., Wilson B.A., Kosaraju K., Tarannum M., Craw-ford S., Yi P., Liu X., Babu S.V., Moinpour M., Ranville J., Montano M., Corredor C., Posner J. (2015). Physical, chemical, and in vitro toxicological characterization of nanoparticles in chemical mechanical planarization suspensions used in the semiconductor industry: towards environmental health and safety assessments. Environ. Sci. Nano., 2: 227–244.10.1039/C5EN00046GSearch in Google Scholar

Świderska-Środa A., Łojkowski W., Lewandowska M., Kurzydłowski K. (2016). The nanoparticles world (in Polish). Wyd. Nauk. PWN, Warszawa.Search in Google Scholar

Taglietti A., Diaz Fernandez Y.A., Amato E., Cucca L., Dacarro G., Grisoli P., Necchi V., Pallavicini P., Pasotti L., Patrini M. (2012). Antibacterial activity of glutathione-coated silver nanoparticles against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Langmuir, 28: 8140–8148.10.1021/la3003838Search in Google Scholar

Uniyal S., Garg A.K., Jadhav S.E., Chaturvedi V.K., Mohanta R.K. (2017). Comparative efficacy of zinc supplementation from different sources on nutrient digestibility, hemato-biochemistry and anti-oxidant activity in guinea pigs. Livest. Sci., 204: 59–64.10.1016/j.livsci.2017.08.009Search in Google Scholar

Varner K.E., El-Badawy A., Feldhake D., Venkatapathy R. (2010). State-Of-The-Science Review: Everything Nano Silver and More. Washington, DC, US Environmental Protection Agency.Search in Google Scholar

Wadhera A., Fung M. (2005). Systemic argyria associated with ingestion of colloidal silver. Dermatology Online Journal 11, 12, http://dermatology.cdlib.org/11110.5070/D30832G6D3Search in Google Scholar

Wang B., Feng W., Wang M., Wang T., Gu Y., Zhu M., Ouyang H., Shi J., Zhang F., Zhao Y., Chai Z., Wang H., Wang J. (2008). Acute toxicological impact of nano- and submiro-scaled zinc oxide powder on healthy adult mice. J. Nanopart. Res., 10: 263–276.10.1007/s11051-007-9245-3Search in Google Scholar

Wawrzynowicz J., Wajszczuk K., Baum R. (2012). The specificity of risk factors in agricultural enterprises – an attempt at a holistic approach (in Polish). Zarządzanie i Finanse, 10: 349–360.Search in Google Scholar

Wijnhoven S.W.P., Peijnenburg W.J.G.M., Peijnenburg W.J., Herberts C.A., Ha-gens W.I., Oomen A.G., Heugens E.H., Roszek B., Bisschops J., Gosens I., Van De Meent D., Dekkers S., De Jong W.H., van Zijverden M., Sips A.J.A.M., Geertsma R. (2009). Nanosilver – a review of available data and knowledge gaps in human and environmental risk assessment. Nanotoxicology, 3: 109–138.10.1080/17435390902725914Search in Google Scholar

Wilding L.A., Bassis C.M., Walacavage K., Hashway S., Leroueil P.R., Morishita M., Maynard A.D., Philbert M.A., Bergin I.L. (2016). Repeated dose (28-day) administration of silver nanoparticles of varied size and coating does not significantly alter the indigenous murine gut microbiome. Nanotoxicology, 10: 513–520.10.3109/17435390.2015.1078854Search in Google Scholar

Williams K., Milner J., Boudreau M.D., Gokulan K., Cerniglia C.E., Khare S. (2015). Effects of subchronic exposure of silver nanoparticles on intestinal microbiota and gut-associated immune responses in the ileum of Sprague-Dawley rats. Nanotoxicology, 9: 279–289.10.3109/17435390.2014.921346Search in Google Scholar

Wong S.W., Leung P.T., Djurisic A.B., Leung K.M. (2010). Toxicities of nano zinc oxide to five marine organisms: influences of aggregate size and ion solubility. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396: 609–618.10.1007/s00216-009-3249-zSearch in Google Scholar

Wu J., Zheng Y., Wen X., Lin Q., Chen X., Wu Z. (2014). Silver nanoparticle/bacterial cellulose gel membranes for antibacterial wound dressing: Investigation in vitro and in vivo. Biomed. Mater., 9: 035–045.10.1088/1748-6041/9/3/035005Search in Google Scholar

Wzorek Z., Konopka M. (2007). Nanosilver – a new bactericidal agent (in Polish). Czas. Techn. Chemia, 104: 175–181.Search in Google Scholar

Xia T., Kovochich M., Liong M., Madler L., Gilbert B., Shi H., Yeh J.I., Zink J.I., Nel A.E. (2008). Comparison of the mechanism of toxicity of zinc oxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles based on dissolution and oxidative stress properties. ACS Nano, 2: 2121–2134.10.1021/nn800511kSearch in Google Scholar

Xiong D., Fang T., Yu L., Sima X., Zhu W. (2011). Effects of nano-scale TiO₂, ZnO and their bulk counterparts on zebrafish: acute toxicity, oxidative stress and oxidative damage. Sci. Total Environ., 409: 1444–1452.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.015Search in Google Scholar

Yang W., Shen C., Ji Q., An H., Wang J., Liu Q., Zhang Z. (2009). Food storage material silver nanoparticles interfere with DNA replication fidelity and bind with DNA. Nanotechnology, 2: 2121–2134.10.1088/0957-4484/20/8/085102Search in Google Scholar

Yousef J.M., Danial E.N. (2012). In vitro antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc oxide and nano-particle zinc oxide against pathogenic strains. J. Health Sci., 2: 38–42.10.5923/j.health.20120204.04Search in Google Scholar

Zhang L., Jiang Y., Ding Y., Povey M., York D., (2007). Investigation into the antibacterial behaviour of suspensions of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO nanofluids). J. Nanopart. Res., 9: 479–489.10.1007/s11051-006-9150-1Search in Google Scholar

Zhao Y.C., Shu T.X., Xiao Y.X., Qiu S.X., Pan Q.J., Tang X.Z. (2014). Effects of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth performance and antioxidative status in broiler. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 160: 361–367.10.1007/s12011-014-0052-2Search in Google Scholar

Zhisheng C.J. (2011). Effect of nano-zinc oxide supplementation on rumen fermentation in vitro. Chinese J. Anim. Nutr., 8: 23–29.Search in Google Scholar