[Biederman G., Hubal M. (1994). Untersuchungen zur Euterform und Milkbarkeit schwarzbunter Kuhe. Zuchtungskunde, 66: 38-48.]Search in Google Scholar
[Celik H.A., Aydin I., Colak M., Sendag S., Dinc D.A. (2008). Ultrasonographic evaluation of age related influence on the teat canal and the effect of this influence on milk yield in Brown Swiss cows. Bull Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 52: 245-249.]Search in Google Scholar
[Emanuelson U., Danell B., Philipsson J. (1988). Genetic parameters for clinical mastitis, somatic cell counts, and milk production estimated by multiple-trait restricted maximum likelihood. J. Dairy Sci., 71 (2): 467-476.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fahr R.D., Shulz J., Rösner F. (2001). Melkbedingte Veränderungen an der Zitzenspitze der Ziege. Tierärztliche Praxis, 31: 235-241.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fasulkov I.R. (2012). Ultrasonography of the mammary gland in ruminants: Areview. Bulg. J. Vet. Med.,15: 1−12.]Search in Google Scholar
[Franz S., Hofmann- Parisot M., Baumgartner W., Windischbauer G., Such y A., Bauder B . (2001). Ultrasonography of the teat canal in cows and sheep. Vet. Res., 149: 109-112.]Search in Google Scholar
[Franz S., Hofmann- Parisot M., Gütler S., Baumgartner W. (2003). Clinical and ultrasonographic findings in the mammary gland of sheep. Short communication. New Zeland Vet. J., 51 (5): 238-243.]Search in Google Scholar
[Geishauser T., Querengässer K. (2000). Investigations on teat canal length in teats with milk flow disturbances. J. Dairy Sci., 83: 1976-1980.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gleeson D.E., O ’ Callaghan E.J., Rath M. (2002). Effect of milking on bovine teat tissue as measured by ultrasonography. Irish Vet. J., 55: 628-632.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hamann J., Burvenich C. (1994). Physiologischer Zustand der Bovinen Zitze. Bull. Int. Dairy Fed., 297: 4-19.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hamann J., Mein G.A. (1988). Response of the bovine teat to machine milking: Measurements of changes in thickness of the teat apex. J. Dairy Res., 55: 331-338.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hamann J., Osteras O., Mayntz M., Woyke W. (1994). Functional parameters of milking units with regard to teat tissue treatment. Bull. Int. Dairy Fed., 297: 23-34.]Search in Google Scholar
[Húth B., Holló I., Fahr R.D., Rosner F. (2001). Udder morphological investigations by ultrasound ina Hungarian Simmental population. Proc. 52nd Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 96-102.]Search in Google Scholar
[Klein D., Flock M., Khol J.L., Franz S., Stuger H.P., Baumgartner W. (2005) Ultrasonographic measurements of the bovine teat: breed differences and the significance of the measurements for udder health. J. Dairy Res., 72: 296-302.10.1017/S002202990500092016174360]Search in Google Scholar
[Michel G. (1986). Gesichtspunkte der funktionellen Morphologie der Rinderzitze. Mh. Vet. Med., 41: 77-80.]Search in Google Scholar
[Loppnow H . (1959). Über die Abhängigkeit der Melkbarkeit vom Bau der Zitze. Deut. Tierarzte. Woch., 4: 88-98.]Search in Google Scholar
[Neijenhuis F., Klungel G.H., Hogeveen H. (2001). Recovery of cow teats after milking as determined by ultrasonographic scanning. J. Dairy Sci., 84: 2599-2606.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nishimura M., Yoshida T., El - Khodery S., Miyoshi M., Furuoka H., Yasuda J., Miyahara K. (2011). Ultrasound imaging of mammary glands in dairy heifers at different stages of growth. In. J. Vet. Med. Sci.,73 (1): 19-24.]Search in Google Scholar
[Paulrud C.O., Clause S., Andersen P.E., Rasmusen M.D. (2005). Infrared thermography and ultrasonography to indirectly monitor the influence of liner type and overmilking on teat tissue recovery. Acta Vet. Scand., 46: 137-147.]Search in Google Scholar
[Schukken Y.H., Lam T.J., Barkema H.W. (1997). Biological basis for selection on udder health traits. International workshop on genetic improvement of functional traits in cattle. Uppsala, Sweden, Bulletin no. 15: 32-39.]Search in Google Scholar
[Schultze W.D., Bright S.C. (1983). Changes in penetrability of bovine papillary duct to endotoxin after milking. Am. J. Vet. Res., 44: 2373-2375.]Search in Google Scholar
[Seyfried G. (1992). The sonographic measurement of teat structures and the significance for udder health of Braun-and-Fleckvieh cows: Thesis, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria, 128 pp.]Search in Google Scholar
[Stádník L., Louda F., Dezdíček J., Ježková A., Rákos M. (2010). Changes in teat parameters caused by milking and their recovery to their initial size. Arch. Tier., 53: 650-662.]Search in Google Scholar
[Strzetelski J., Bilik K., Niwińska B., Skrzyński G., Łuczyńska E. (2004). Ultrasound evaluation of the mammary gland structure in preparturient heifers vs performance of first calvers. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 13, Suppl. 2: 7-10.]Search in Google Scholar
[Strzetelski J., Bilik K., Niwińska B., Skrzyński G., Łuczyńska E., Choroszy Z. (2005). Efficacy of ultrasound examination of heifer’s mammary glands for predicting their milk yield. Med. Weter., 61 (9): 1032-1035.]Search in Google Scholar
[Szencziová I., Strapák P. (2012). Ultrasonography of the udder and teat in cattle: perspective measuring technique. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 45: 96-104.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ślósarz P., Wójtowski J., Bielińska S., Frąckowiak A., Ludwiczak A., Krzyżewski J., Bagnicka E., Strzałkowska N. (2010). Machine induced changes of caprine teats diagnosed by ultrasonography. Afric. J. Biotech., 9: 8698-8703.]Search in Google Scholar
[Tančin V., Ipema B., Hogewerf P., Mačuhová J. (2006). Sources of variation in milk flow characteristics at udder and quarter levels. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 978-988.]Search in Google Scholar
[Twardoń J., Dzięcioł M., Niżański M., Dejneka G.J. (2001). Use of ultrasonography in diagnosis of teats disorders. Med. Weter., 57: 874-875.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wójtowski J., Ślósarz P., Bielińska S., Nowicki S., Gut A., Danków R. (2006). Ultrasound image of morphological changes of teat end in sheep caused by machine milking. Arch. Tierz., 49 (30): 231-237.]Search in Google Scholar
[Zecconi A., Hamann J., Bronzo V., Ruffo G. (1992). Machine induced teat tissue reactions and infection risk inadairy herd free from contagious mastitis pathogens. J. Dairy Res., 59: 265-71. ]Search in Google Scholar
