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Fig. 1
Eng1e-Granger cointegration analysis flow chart
Fig. 2
The proportion of non-agricultural labour force and agricultural labour productivity data among rural employees in a city (1981–2021)
Fig. 3
Data on per capita net operating income of rural households and Engel's coefficient of rural residents in a city (2001–2021)
Fig. 4
Per capita operating net income of rural households and Engel's coefficient of rural residents in a city (2001–2021). (a) Per capita operating net income of rural households. (b) Engel's coefficient of rural residents
Fig. 5
(a) ADF test results. (b) Numerical changes of 10% and 5%. (c) Change curve when P-value is 0.05
