Under the background of big data, people’s requirements for college catering management are also increasing, and the integration of Internet technology into college catering management has become a key research issue. Considering the characteristics of college catering management, this paper proposes the innovative strategy of “big data + catering management” based on game theory. According to game theory, the corresponding parameters are defined, and then the game matrix between the government and cafeteria management is constructed. A case study of college food service management from the perspective of big data is conducted using game theory and data simulation software. The data show that