This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Poirier L, Tobe SW. Contemporary use of β-blockers: clinical relevance of subclassification. Can J Cardiol 2014;30(Suppl 5):S9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.001PoirierLTobeSWContemporary use of β-blockers: clinical relevance of subclassification201430Suppl 5S91510.1016/j.cjca.2013.12.00124684855Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Nguyen LA, He H, Pham-Huy C. Chiral drugs: an overview. Int J Biomed Sci 2006;2:85–100. PMID: 23674971NguyenLAHeHPham-HuyCChiral drugs: an overview2006285100PMID: 23674971Search in Google Scholar
Hernando MD, Gómez MJ, Agüera A, Fernández-Alba AR. LC-MS analysis of basic pharmaceuticals (beta-blockers and anti-ulcer agents) in wastewater and surface water. Trend Anal Chem 2007;26:581–94. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.03.005HernandoMDGómezMJAgüeraAFernández-AlbaARLC-MS analysis of basic pharmaceuticals (beta-blockers and anti-ulcer agents) in wastewater and surface water2007265819410.1016/j.trac.2007.03.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Massarsky A, Trudeau VL, Moon TW. β-Blockers as endocrine disruptors: the potential effects of human β-blockers on aquatic organisms. J Exp Zool 2011;315:251–65. doi: 10.1002/jez.672MassarskyATrudeauVLMoonTWβ-Blockers as endocrine disruptors: the potential effects of human β-blockers on aquatic organisms20113152516510.1002/jez.67221370487Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Stanley JK, Ramirez AJ, Mottaleb M, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. Enantiospecific toxicity of the β-blocker propranolol to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas Environ Toxicol Chem 2006;25:1780–6. doi: 10.1897/05-298r1.1StanleyJKRamirezAJMottalebMChamblissCKBrooksBWEnantiospecific toxicity of the β-blocker propranolol to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas2006251780610.1897/05-298r1.116833138Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
de Andrés F, Castañeda G, Ríos Á. Use of toxicity assays for enantiomeric discrimination of pharmaceutical substances. Chirality 2009;21:751–9. doi: 10.1002/chir.20675deAndrés FCastañedaGRíosÁUse of toxicity assays for enantiomeric discrimination of pharmaceutical substances200921751910.1002/chir.2067518989896Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sun L, Xin L, Peng Z, Jin R, Jin Y, Qian H, Fu Z. Toxicity and enantiospecific diffrences of two β-blockers, propranolol and metoprolol, in the embryos and larvae of Zebrafish Danio rerio Environ Toxicol 2014;29:1367–78. doi: 10.1002/tox.21867SunLXinLPengZJinRJinYQianHFuZToxicity and enantiospecific diffrences of two β-blockers, propranolol and metoprolol, in the embryos and larvae of Zebrafish Danio rerio20142913677810.1002/tox.2186723661550Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Stringham RW, Ye YK. Chiral separation of amines by high-performance liquid chromatography using polysaccharide stationary phases and acidic additives. J Chromatogr A 2006;1101:86–93. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.065StringhamRWYeYKChiral separation of amines by high-performance liquid chromatography using polysaccharide stationary phases and acidic additives20061101869310.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.06516236296Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ali I, Gaitonde VD, Aboul-Enein HY, Hussain A. Chiral separation of β-adrenergic blockers on CelluCoat column by HPLC. Talanta 2009;78:458–63. doi: 10.1016/j. talanta.2008.11.043AliIGaitondeVDAboul-EneinHYHussainAChiral separation of β-adrenergic blockers on CelluCoat column by HPLC2009784586310.1016/j.talanta.2008.11.04319203609Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Santoro MIRM, Cho HS, Kedor-Hackmann ERM. Enantiomeric separation and quantitative determination of atenolol in tablets by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000;26:1107–10. doi: 10.1081/DDC-100100275SantoroMIRMChoHSKedor-HackmannERMEnantiomeric separation and quantitative determination of atenolol in tablets by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography20002611071010.1081/DDC-100100275Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Morante-Zarcero S, Sierra I. Comparative HPLC methods for β-blockers separation using different types of chiral stationary phases in normal phase and polar organic phase elution modes. Analysis of propranolol enantiomers in natural waters. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012;62:33–41. doi: 10.1016/j. jpba.2011.12.029Morante-ZarceroSSierraIComparative HPLC methods for β-blockers separation using different types of chiral stationary phases in normal phase and polar organic phase elution modes201262334110.1016/j.jpba.2011.12.02922264847Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Armstrong DW, Chen S, Chang C, Chang S. A new approach for the direct resolution of racemic beta adrenergic blocking agents by HPLC. J Liq Chromatogr 1992;15:545–56. doi: 10.1080/10826079208017191ArmstrongDWChenSChangCChangSA new approach for the direct resolution of racemic beta adrenergic blocking agents by HPLC1992155455610.1080/10826079208017191Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bosáková Z, Cuřínová E, Tesařová E. Comparison of vancomycin-based stationary phases with different chiral selector coverage for enantioselective separation of selected drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005;1088:94–103. doi: 10.1016/j. chroma.2005.01.017BosákováZCuřínováETesařováEComparison of vancomycin-based stationary phases with different chiral selector coverage for enantioselective separation of selected drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography200510889410310.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.017Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mistry B, Leslie JL, Eddington ND. Enantiomeric separation of metoprolol and α-hydroxymetoprolol by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection using a chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr B 2001;758:153–161. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00166-9MistryBLeslieJLEddingtonNDEnantiomeric separation of metoprolol and α-hydroxymetoprolol by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection using a chiral stationary phase200175815316110.1016/S0378-4347(01)00166-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Evans SE, Davies P, Lubben A, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Determination of chiral pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater and sludge using microwave assisted extraction, solid-phase extraction and chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2015;882:112–26. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.039EvansSEDaviesPLubbenAKasprzyk-HordernBDetermination of chiral pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in wastewater and sludge using microwave assisted extraction, solid-phase extraction and chiral liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry20158821122610.1016/j.aca.2015.03.03926043098Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hefnawy MM, Sultan MA, Al-Shehri MM. Development of an HPLC method for the quantitation of bisoprolol enantiomers in pharmaceutical products using a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase and fluorescence detection. J Liq Chromatogr R T 2 0 0 6 ; 2 9 : 2 9 0 1 – 1 4 . do i : 10.1080/10826070600978302HefnawyMMSultanMAAl-ShehriMMDevelopment of an HPLC method for the quantitation of bisoprolol enantiomers in pharmaceutical products using a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase and fluorescence detection10.1080/10826070600978302Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bagnall JP, Evans SE, Wort MT, Luben AT, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Using chiral liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in surface and wastewater at the enantiomeric level. J Chromatogr A 2012;1249:115–29. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.012BagnallJPEvansSEWortMTLubenATKasprzyk-HordernBUsing chiral liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in surface and wastewater at the enantiomeric level201212491152910.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.01222749459Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Barclay VKH, Tyrefors NL, Johansson IM, Pettersson CE. Chiral analysis of metoprolol and two of its metabolites, α-hydroxymetoprolol and deaminated metoprolol, in wastewater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012;1269:208–17. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.090BarclayVKHTyreforsNLJohanssonIMPetterssonCEChiral analysis of metoprolol and two of its metabolites, α-hydroxymetoprolol and deaminated metoprolol, in wastewater using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry201212692081710.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.09023089516Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia (HALMED). Annual report on drug utilization for 2017 [displayed 17 October 2018]. Available at http://www.halmed.hrAnnual report on drug utilization for 2017 [displayed 17 October 2018]. Available athttp://www.halmed.hrSearch in Google Scholar
State Institute for Drug Control. Annual summary on drug deliveries for 2017 [displayed 18 December 2018]. Available at http://www.sukl.czAnnual summary on drug deliveries for 2017 [displayed 18 December 2018]. Available athttp://www.sukl.czSearch in Google Scholar
Meierjohann A, Brozinski JM, Kronberg L. Seasonal variation of pharmaceutical concentrations in a river/lake system in Eastern Finland. Enivoron Sci Processes Impacts 2016;18:342–9. doi: 10.1039/C5EM00505AMeierjohannABrozinskiJMKronbergLSeasonal variation of pharmaceutical concentrations in a river/lake system in Eastern Finland201618342910.1039/C5EM00505A26822330Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lee HB, Sarafin K, Peart TE. Determination of β-blockers and β2-agonists in sewage by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007;1148:158–67. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.024LeeHBSarafinKPeartTEDetermination of β-blockers and β2-agonists in sewage by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry200711481586710.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.02417408682Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Miège C, Favier M, Brosse C, Canler JP, Coquery M. Occurrence of betablockers in effluents of wastewater treatment plants from the Lyon area (France) and risk assessment for the downstream rivers. Talanta 2006;70:739– 44. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.07.002MiègeCFavierMBrosseCCanlerJPCoqueryMOccurrence of betablockers in effluents of wastewater treatment plants from the Lyon area (France) and risk assessment for the downstream rivers200670739–4410.1016/j.talanta.2006.07.00218970833Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R1) [displayed 27 November 2018]. Available at https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q2_R1__Guideline.pdfInternational Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use2018Available athttps://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q2_R1__Guideline.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Beesley TE, Lee JT. Method development strategy and applications update for CHIROBIOTIC chiral stationary phases. J Liq Chromatogr R T 2009;32:1733–67. doi: 10.1080/10826070902959489BeesleyTELeeJTMethod development strategy and applications update for CHIROBIOTIC chiral stationary phases20093217336710.1080/10826070902959489Open DOISearch in Google Scholar