| Sex: male: female (n) |
9 : 24 |
13 : 18 |
10 : 23 |
0.424 |
| Age (yrs) |
39.36 (± 13.27) |
62.68 (± 8.87) |
41.21 (± 13.96) |
<0.001 |
| BMI [kg/m2] |
24.27 (± 4.80) |
29.28 (± 4.95) |
23.62 (± 1.74) |
<0.001 |
| Glucose [mmol/l] |
7.26 (± 1.63) |
7.85 (± 2.62) |
4.67 (± 0.56) |
<0.001* |
| Total cholesterol [mmol/l] |
4.66 (± 0.89) |
4.71 (± 1.19) |
5.17 (± 0.70) |
0.025 |
| HDL [mmol/l] |
1.68 (± 0.40) |
1.12 (± 0.37) |
1.65 (± 0.33) |
<0.001 |
| LDL [mmol/l] |
2.60 (± 0.75) |
2.70 (± 1.06) |
3.09 (± 0.54) |
0.009 |
| Triglycerides (TG) [mmol/l] |
0.99 (± 0.57) |
2.29 (± 1.83) |
0.98 (± 0.43) |
<0.001* |
| ALT [U/l] |
17.73 (± 8.57) |
28.58 (± 16.46) |
18.92 (± 6.36) |
<0.001* |
| HbA1c [%] |
8.37 (± 2.72) |
8.11 (± 2.72) |
5.38 (± 0.24) |
<0.001 |
| Bifidobacterium spp.[CFU/g][logCFU/g] |
7.08 × 106 (± 2.14 × 107)6.13 (± 0.95) |
6.38 × 106 (± 9.59 × 106)6.34 (± 0.77) |
1.41 × 107 (± 1.76 × 107)6.93 ± (0.43) |
<0.001* |
| All bacteria[CFU/g][logCFU/g] |
7.27 × 1011 (± 9.04 × 1011)11.32 (± 0.96) |
7.29 × 1011 (± 7.57 × 1011)11.49 (± 0.73) |
1.48 × 1012 (± 4.09 × 1012)11.58 (± 0.59) |
0.397 |
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