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Fig. 1

The mechanism of action of emollients
The mechanism of action of emollients

Fig. 2

42-year-old patient with chromium allergy working in construction: clinical features of psoriasis (oil spots on nails, severely demarked lesions) and eczema (dyshidrotic vesicles of the hand)
42-year-old patient with chromium allergy working in construction: clinical features of psoriasis (oil spots on nails, severely demarked lesions) and eczema (dyshidrotic vesicles of the hand)

Recommendations for the patient

Clothing avoiding clothes made of artificial fabrics that strongly compress and rub the skin (underwear, socks, belts)natural materials, airy (cotton), not disturbing sweatingnon-irritating jewelry
Beauty treatment avoiding shaving with blunt shavers of facial hair and other hairavoiding wax depilationresignation from piercing, tattooing, permanent makeupavoiding hybrids and acrylics; nails should be short, evenly cutshort or semi-long haircuts, resignation from dreads and attachmentsavoiding intensive lightening or dyeing hair, keratin treatments, permsavoiding Chinese cupping massage
Medical treatments during active illness, avoiding needle aesthetic procedures or laser dermatology (pulsed dye laser, high-energy irradiation)resignation from acupuncture
Climatic factors despite reported improvement of the disease after sun exposure, it is advisable to avoid intensive sunbathing, sunburnprotection against frostbite
Occupational factors career counselingavoiding contact with irritants and allergensthe use of suitable gloves and tool protection to reduce mechanical injury or frictionskin care program and barrier creams

Composition of emollients

A component of emollients Importance Substances
Occlusive substances Prevention of water loss through evaporation Hydrocarbon oils (petrolatum, paraffin, mineral oils)Polyhydric alcohols (propylene glycol)Fatty alcohols (cetyl, stearyl, lanolin)Fatty acids (stearic, lanolin)Phospholipids (lecithin)Wax esters (lanolin)SterolsWaxes
Humectants Binding of water molecules and retention within the stratum corneum Glycerin (2–10%)Urea (2–5%)SorbitolLactic acidPropylene glycolLactatesHydroxy acidsHyaluronic acid
Physiological epidermal lipids Regulation of normal corneocyte differentiation Unsaturated fatty acidsCholesterolSqualenes, PhospholipidsSterolsCeramides
eISSN:
1732-2693
Langue:
Anglais