<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Aim</h3>
<p>To determine the content of phenolcarboxylic acids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) in the obtained extract, conduct a study of the antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of <italic>Rubus idaeus</italic> shoot lipophilic extract.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Material/methods</h3>
<p>The quantification of phenolcarboxylic was accomplished through GC–MS, antioxidant activity was assessed by potentiometric method, antimicrobial and antifungal activities were determined by well method.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>The 8 compounds were identified by the GC–MS method. The vanillic acid (2.59 ± 0.08 mg/100 g), benzoic acid (1.51±0.08 mg/100 g), and ferulic acid (0.79±0.04 mg/100 g) dominated in the obtained lipophilic <italic>R. idaeus</italic> shoot extract. <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> (17.00 ± 0.50 mm) was the most sensitive to lipophilic extract, whereas <italic>Proteus vulgaris</italic> was the most resistant to the lipophilic extract. Moreover, <italic>Candida albicans</italic> was medium sensitive to lipophilic extract (13.50 ± 0.50 mm). The antioxidant activity was 1.00 mmol-equiv./m<sub>dry res</sub>; according to Maslov's antioxidant level classification it has low level.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>The lipophilic extract from <italic>R. idaeus</italic> shoots contains various phenolcarboxylic acids, including vanillic acid, benzoic acid, ferulic acid, <italic>p</italic>-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, gentisic acid, salicylic acid, and phenylacetic acid, with the highest concentrations observed for vanillic, benzoic, and ferulic acids. This study highlights the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of the <italic>R. idaeus</italic> shoot lipophilic extract. However, the obtained lipophilic extract showed a relatively low level of antioxidant activity. Consequently, the derivatives of phenolcarboxylic acids play a substantial role in the antimicrobial and antifungal effects, whereas their contribution to antioxidant activity appears to be limited.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Aim
To determine the content of phenolcarboxylic acids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) in the obtained extract, conduct a study of the antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of Rubus idaeus shoot lipophilic extract.

Material/methods
The quantification of phenolcarboxylic was accomplished through GC–MS, antioxidant activity was assessed by potentiometric method, antimicrobial and antifungal activities were determined by well method.

Results
The 8 compounds were identified by the GC–MS method. The vanillic acid (2.59 ± 0.08 mg/100 g), benzoic acid (1.51±0.08 mg/100 g), and ferulic acid (0.79±0.04 mg/100 g) dominated in the obtained lipophilic R. idaeus shoot extract. Bacillus subtilis (17.00 ± 0.50 mm) was the most sensitive to lipophilic extract, whereas Proteus vulgaris was the most resistant to the lipophilic extract. Moreover, Candida albicans was medium sensitive to lipophilic extract (13.50 ± 0.50 mm). The antioxidant activity was 1.00 mmol-equiv./mdry res; according to Maslov's antioxidant level classification it has low level.

Conclusions
The lipophilic extract from R. idaeus shoots contains various phenolcarboxylic acids, including vanillic acid, benzoic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, gentisic acid, salicylic acid, and phenylacetic acid, with the highest concentrations observed for vanillic, benzoic, and ferulic acids. This study highlights the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of the R. idaeus shoot lipophilic extract. However, the obtained lipophilic extract showed a relatively low level of antioxidant activity. Consequently, the derivatives of phenolcarboxylic acids play a substantial role in the antimicrobial and antifungal effects, whereas their contribution to antioxidant activity appears to be limited.

Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Investigation of Phenolcarboxylic Acids by GC–MS of Raspberry (<italic>Rubus idaeus</italic> L.) Shoot Lipophilic Extract

European Pharmaceutical Journal

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Investigation of Phenolcarboxylic Acids by GC–MS of Raspberry ( L.) Shoot Lipophilic Extract

Aim
To determine the content of phenolcarboxylic acids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) in the obtained extract, conduct a study of the...

	Compound	Rt, min	Quantitative content in extract, mg/100 g	% out of sum phenolcarboxylic acids
1	Vanillic acid	31.664	2.59±0.08	38.37
2	Benzoic acid	14.076	1.51±0.08	22.37
3	Ferulic acid	39.815	0.79±0.04	11.70
4	p-hydroxybenzoic acid	36.935	0.61±0.04	9.04
5	Syringic acid	37.428	0.42±0.04	6.22
6	Gentisic acid	37.803	0.32±0.04	4.74
7	Salicylic acid	17.154	0.17±0.01	2.52
8	Phenylacetic acid	16.806	0.11±0.01	1.63
	Total content of identified compounds		6.75	100

Sample	AOA, mmol-equiv./m_{dry res.}	The conditional level of antioxidant activity
Lipophilic extract	1.00 ± 0.01	Low level
«Ascorutin»	51.10 ± 1.05	Medium level

Sample	Concentration, %	Diameter of the growth retardation zone, mm
Sample	Concentration, %	Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923	Escherichia coli ATCC 25922	Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853	Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633	Candida albicans ATCC 653/885
Lipophilic extract	1.00	16.50 ± 0.50	15.00 ± 0.50	14.00 ± 0.50	15.00 ± 0.50	17.00 ± 0.50	13.50 ± 0.50
Gentamycin	0.005	22.00 ± 0.20	24.00 ± 0.20	25.33 ± 0.33	25.00 ± 0.20	25.67 ± 0.67	12.00 ± 0.20
Fluconazole	0.30	18.00 ± 0.20	12.00 ± 0.20	14.33 ± 0.33	12.33 ± 0.33	10.00 ± 0.20	20.00 ± 0.50
60% ethanol	—	11.00 ± 0.20	10.00 ± 0.20	Growth	Growth	Growth	Growth

Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Investigation of Phenolcarboxylic Acids by GC–MS of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Shoot Lipophilic Extract

Article Category: Research paper

Publié en ligne: 07 juin 2024

Pages: -

Reçu: 02 janv. 2024

Accepté: 09 avr. 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2024-0006

Mots clés
raspberry, phenolcarboxylic acids, shoot, lipophilic extract, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity

© 2024 O. Maslov et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Qualitative composition and quantitative content of phenolcarboxylic acids in R. idaeus shoot lipophilic extract.

Result of antioxidant activity of R. idaeus shoot lipophilic extract.

Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of R. idaeus shoot lipophilic extract.

Antimicrobial, Antifungal, Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Investigation of Phenolcarboxylic Acids by GC–MS of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Shoot Lipophilic Extract

Article Category: Research paper

Publié en ligne: 07 juin 2024

Pages: -

Reçu: 02 janv. 2024

Accepté: 09 avr. 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2024-0006

Mots clésraspberry, phenolcarboxylic acids, shoot, lipophilic extract, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity

© 2024 O. Maslov et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Qualitative composition and quantitative content of phenolcarboxylic acids in R. idaeus shoot lipophilic extract.

Result of antioxidant activity of R. idaeus shoot lipophilic extract.

Antimicrobial and antifungal activities of R. idaeus shoot lipophilic extract.

Mots clés
raspberry, phenolcarboxylic acids, shoot, lipophilic extract, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity