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Effect of Silt and Clay Fraction Content on Frost Heave of Fine-Grained Soils

Kinga WITEK-ZIELONKA

Kinga WITEK-ZIELONKA

PhD Eng.; Zespół Szkół BudowlanychBydgoszcz, Poland
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WITEK-ZIELONKA, Kinga
, 
Krzysztof PARYLAK

Krzysztof PARYLAK

PhD DSc; The Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocław, Poland
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PARYLAK, Krzysztof
, 
Wojciech KILIAN

Wojciech KILIAN

PhD Eng.; The Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Geodesy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocław, Poland
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KILIAN, Wojciech
 et 
Łukasz ZIELONKA

Łukasz ZIELONKA

PhD; Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and TechnologyBydgoszcz, Poland
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ZIELONKA, Łukasz
  
09 janv. 2025
Effect of Silt and Clay Fraction Content on Frost Heave of Fine-Grained Soils's Cover Image
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Publié en ligne: 09 janv. 2025
Pages: 85 - 95
Reçu: 25 avr. 2023
Accepté: 09 avr. 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/acee-2024-0023
Mots clés
© 2024 Kinga WITEK-ZIELONKA et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Grain size distribution of soils
Grain size distribution of soils

Figure 2.

Test stand: a) general view, b) interior of the climate chamber, c) lower part of the container; 1 – climatic chamber, 2 – computer to record temperature measurements, 3 – refrigerated bath circulator, 4 – upper part of the container with samples, 5 – lower part of the container with water, 6 – coil of thermostatic circuit, 7 – temperature sensors
Test stand: a) general view, b) interior of the climate chamber, c) lower part of the container; 1 – climatic chamber, 2 – computer to record temperature measurements, 3 – refrigerated bath circulator, 4 – upper part of the container with samples, 5 – lower part of the container with water, 6 – coil of thermostatic circuit, 7 – temperature sensors

Figure 3.

Measuring stand: a) soil samples without forms, b) soil samples with sand fill, c) soil sample with temperature sensors
Measuring stand: a) soil samples without forms, b) soil samples with sand fill, c) soil sample with temperature sensors

Figure 4.

Distribution of temperature on various levels, a) Soil 1 (clsaSi), b) Soil 2 (saCl), c) Soil 3 (siSa), d) Soil 4 (saSi)
Distribution of temperature on various levels, a) Soil 1 (clsaSi), b) Soil 2 (saCl), c) Soil 3 (siSa), d) Soil 4 (saSi)

Figure 5.

Distribution of ice lenses in soil samples after freezing, a) soil 2 (saCl), b) soil 3 (siSa)
Distribution of ice lenses in soil samples after freezing, a) soil 2 (saCl), b) soil 3 (siSa)

Figure 6.

Increase in the amount of frost heaving with time
Increase in the amount of frost heaving with time

Figure 7.

Estimation of the linear relationship between the amount of the frost heave and the weighted arithmetic mean content of the silt and clay fractions, when ω_c=1.76·ω_s
Estimation of the linear relationship between the amount of the frost heave and the weighted arithmetic mean content of the silt and clay fractions, when ω_c=1.76·ω_s

Figure 8.

Estimation of the linear relationship between the natural logarithm from the amount of the frost heave on the weighted arithmetic mean content of the clay and silt fractions
Estimation of the linear relationship between the natural logarithm from the amount of the frost heave on the weighted arithmetic mean content of the clay and silt fractions

Figure 9.

The dependence of the exponential height of the frost heave on the weighted arithmetic mean content on the clay and silt fractions
The dependence of the exponential height of the frost heave on the weighted arithmetic mean content on the clay and silt fractions

Estimation of the amount of the frost heave Wp[mm] for some values of content on the clay and silt fractions

fs+fc [%] fc[%]
0 4 8 12 16 20
25 0.96 1.41 2.08 3.07 4.53 6.68
30 1.38 2.04 3.01 4.43 6.54 9.65
35 2.00 2.94 4.34 6.41 9.46 13.95
40 2.88 4.26 6.28 9.26 13.67 20.17
45 4.17 6.15 9.08 13.39 19.76 29.15
50 6.02 8.89 13.12 19.35 28.56 42.14
55 8.71 12.85 18.96 27.97 41.28 60.90
60 12.59 18.57 27.40 40.43 59.66 88.03
65 18.19 26.84 39.61 58.44 86.23 127.24
70 26.30 38.80 57.25 84.47 124.64 183.90

Parameters of soils

Type of material Dry density ρd Particle density ρs Porosity n Void ratio e Saturation ratio Sr
[g·cm−3] [g·cm−3] [-] [-] [-]
Soil 1 (clsaSi) 1.800 2.668 0.325 0.482 0.454
Soil 2 (saCl) 1.809 2.679 0.325 0.481 0.501
Soil 3 (siSa) 1.789 2.650 0.325 0.481 0.704
Soil 4 (saSi) 1.797 2.661 0.325 0.481 0.811

Saturation ratios after the test

Type of material Saturation ratios Sr
before the test after the test
frozen soil unfrozen soil
Soil 1 0.454 1.121 0.663
Soil 2 0.501 0.853 0.676
Soil 3 0.704 0.711 0.559
Soil 4 0.811 0.936 0.667

The Pearson correlation coefficient r

Type of material Content of fractions Height of frost heaving Wp Pearson correlation coefficient r
[%] [mm] [-]
Soil 2 (saCl) Silt fraction 19 21.5 0.54
Soil 3 (siSa) 30 1.6
Soil 4 (saSi) 50 4.7
Soil 1 (clsaSi) 65 48.8
Soil 3 (siSa) Silt and clay fraction 30 1.6 0.83
Soil 2 (saCl) 40 21.5
Soil 4 (saSi) 50 4.7
Soil 1 (clsaSi) 70 48.8
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