Competence steps | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work Area | Sub-Work-Area | Most import workactivities | Tools/methods for fulfilling the activity | Used technology (machines, computers, ICT) | Requirements for skilled work (laws, regulations, manufacturers’ concepts) | Beginner | Under Supervision | Expert |
A | Expertise of structures requiring repairs | A1) interview with the user, |
A1 – keeping notes, interview report |
A2 – copier, camera, in case of electronic documentation computer with appropriate software (e.g. pdf reader) |
A2 – ability to read construction documentation |
Interview with the user, examination of documentation, determination of the scope of inventory and research, static and strength analysis, selection of strengthening areas | ||
B | Design of FRP reinforcements | B1 - static analysis, |
B1 – static and strength analysis of the structure including FRP reinforcement /strengthening system, |
B1 – computer with installed software for static analyses |
B1 – ability to use computer software for static analyses, |
Static analysis, design, drawing | Selection of the reinforcement system | |
C | Repair of structural damage | C1 – securing the construction site, |
C1 – securing the construction site, preparatory works, scaffolding, |
C1 – assembly of scaffolding |
C1 – license for scaffoldings |
Supervision of preparatory works, supervision of works conditions, | Securing the construction site, ensuring safety, | |
D | Adaptation of the used facilities to new conditions of use | D1 – examination of documentation, |
D1 – review of existing documents, if available electronic files |
D1 – copier, camera, in case of electronic documentation computer with appropriate software |
D1 – historical knowledge on construction facilities |
Static and strength analysis | Examination of documentation, selection of strengthening areas | |
A | Production of composite reinforcement | A1 – knowledge of composite quality assessment criteria, |
A1 – the use of international standards to assess the quality of FRP products (type of fibre, resin, tensile strength, young modulus, chemical stability – best are American and Canadian regulations) |
A1 – laboratory tests - bar weighing, strength tests, chemical durability |
A1 – in Poland, there are no clear criteria to assess the quality of a composite bar |
Use of pultrusion devices, bending of composite rebar, quality assessment | Knowledge of composite quality assessment criteria | |
B | The use of composites for concrete reinforcement (Combridge, Floors, Tram base, wall cladding) | B1 – optimisation of design solutions, |
B1–B3 – numerical modelling based of FEM |
B1–B3 – computer with installed software for structural FEM analyses |
B4 – Chartered engineer certified in the area of structural designing |
Optimization of design solutions, numerical modelling, strength analysis, preparation of optional design, on-site training | ||
C | Applications in geosynthetics (geosynthetics, embankment reinforcement, diaphragm walls) | C1 – optimization of design solutions, |
C1 – Foundations for tram tracks without sand bedding, strengthening of embankments over piles |
C1–C2 – computer with installed software for structural FEM analyses and CAD software |
C2 – Chartered engineer certified in the area of structural designing |
Optimization of design solutions, strength analysis, on-site training, monitoring (optical fibres) | ||
A | Development of production technology | A1 – organizing of production process taking into account the specificity of the FRP material, |
A1 – power tools, hand tools, vacuum, scissors, brush, roller, fabric dispenser |
A1 – adjusting the production process to material properties (types and characteristics of resins, fibre processing, types of fabrics, shape) |
A1 – experience in the production of composites - may be related to other industries, e.g. the yachting manufacture |
Production process, mould making | Organizing of production process taking into account the specificity of the FRP material, strength and quality tests | |
B | Design and prototyping | B1 – research on material properties, |
B1 – testing material properties, |
B1 – laboratory press (universal testing instrumentation) |
B1 – knowledge about composites and their properties (orthogonal), failure characteristic |
Research on material properties, modes of destruction, FEM modelling | ||
C | Supervision of the execution | C1 – training the contractor, |
C1 – on-site training – including material properties, procedure (e.g. you cannot drill) |
C1 – knowledge about the properties of FRP composites and the procedure |
Control of compliance with the design | Training the contractor, extending the technical knowledge | ||
A | Strengthening of bridges, strengthening of concrete structures | A1 – testing the properties of the substrate, |
A1 – visual inspection, NDT testing of concrete substrate, hammer, grinder |
A1 – pull-out |
A1 – knowledge of material properties and construction testing |
Maintaining cleanliness | Preparing the substrate and strengthening elements, selecting the proportions (mixing), hardening the resin (crosslinking time), | Testing the properties of the substrate, selecting the appropriate adhesive |
B | Strengthening of masonry structures | B1 – ensuring diffusivity (determination of thermal and humidity conditions), |
B1, B2 – strengthening based on mineral adhesives (FRCM), analysis of diffusivity conditions |
B1 – determination of heat and humidity conditions (of particular importance for vaults) |
B1 – enclosing moisture in the vault may worsen its technical condition |
preparing the substrate and strengthening elements, specificity for the substrate and the adhesive | ensuring diffusivity (determination of thermal and humidity conditions), selecting the appropriate adhesive | |
C | Strengthening of timber structures | C1 – selecting the appropriate adhesive, |
C1 – determining the properties of the substrate and matching the appropriate adhesive |
C2 – mechanical cleaning, chemical cleaning |
C1 – recommendations of adhesive manufacturers – adhesive viscosity, generally competence of designer |
Preparing the substrate and strengthening elements, specificity for the substrate and the adhesive | Selecting the appropriate adhesive, fire resistance |
PL |
interview with the user examination of documentation determination of the scope of inventory and research static and strength analysis selection of strengthening areas |
|
PL |
knowledge of composite quality assessment criteria use of pultrusion devices bending of composite rebar quality assessment |
|
PL |
organizing of production process considering the specificity of the FRP material mould making strength and quality tests |
|
PL |
testing the properties of the substrate selecting the appropriate adhesive preparing the substrate and strengthening elements selecting the proportions (mixing) hardening the resin (cross-linking time) maintaining cleanliness |
|
PL |
static analysis selection of the reinforcement system design, drawing |
|
PL |
optimization of design solutions numerical modelling strength analysis preparation of optional design on-site training |
|
PL |
research on material properties modes of destruction FEM modelling |
|
PL |
ensuring diffusivity (determination of thermal and humidity conditions) selecting the appropriate adhesive preparing the substrate and strengthening elements specificity for the substrate and the adhesive |
|
PL |
securing the construction site supervision of preparatory works ensuring safety conditions supervision of works |
|
PL |
optimization of design solutions strength analysis on-site training monitoring (optical fibres) |
|
PL |
training the contractor control of compliance with the design extending the technical knowledge |
|
PL |
selecting the appropriate adhesive preparing the substrate and strengthening elements specificity for the substrate and the adhesive fire resistance |
|
PL |
examination of documentation static and strength analysis selection of strengthening areas |
Professional Profile Map on the use of FRP for Construction Workers and Architects/Civil Engineers | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work Area | Target group | Sub-Work-Area | Competence Steps | ||
C (Construction Worker) A (Architect/Civil Engineer) Worker) | 1 / Beginner | 2 / Under Supervision | 3 / Expert | ||
1. Understand and specify FRP materials | C + A | 1.1. General understanding of FRP in the construction sector | 1.1.a Have basic knowledge about FRP products in the construction sector (e.g., general overview of products). | 1.1.b Have good knowledge about FRP products in the construction sector (e.g., how FRP products are produced). | 1.1.c Have expert knowledge about FRP products in the construction sector (e.g., criteria for their selection). |
C + A | 1.2 Knowledge of different manufacturing processes of FRP products for the construction sector | 1.2.a Have basic knowledge of the manufacturing processes of FRP products (e.g., knowing general processes, hand lay-up, infusion, pultrusion, RTM, vacuum bag etc.). | 1.2.b Have good knowledge of manufacturing processes of FRP products (e.g. basic steps of the general process of FRP products). | 1.2.c Have expert knowledge of manufacturing processes of FRP products (e.g. apply and make infusion, hand lay-up and vacuum bag…). | |
C + A | 1.3. Specification of FRP types and materials | 1.3.a Have basic knowledge about different FRP materials (e.g., basic limitations, constraints and use conditions). | 1.3.b Have good knowledge about different kinds of FRP materials (e.g., good knowledge about limitations, constraints and use condition, different kinds of resins, fibres and fungibles needed for obtaining composites). | 1.3.c Have expert knowledge about different kinds of FRP materials (e.g., expert knowledge about limitations, constraints and use conditions) | |
A | 1.4. Search for and acquisition of FRP products | 1.4.a Search for and order FRP materials/elements under supervision (e.g. basic search criteria with the main material search engines). | 1.4.b Search for and order FRP materials/elements independently (e.g. first steps to select materials or products by properties, etc.). | 1.4.c Supervise the searching and ordering of FRP materials/elements (e.g. supervising, purchase knowledge on the selection of the best options for products and materials). | |
2. Apply FRP materials | A | 2.1 Read and understand technical FRP sheets | 2.1.a Understand technical drawings on the use of FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). | 2.1.b Compare technical data sheets. | 2.1.c Modify/adapt technical drawings and the use of FRP materials/elements according to circumstances for specifications in the construction work. |
C + A | 2.2 Apply FRP materials/elements in the daily work process (e.g., facades, bridges, floors) | 2.2.a Apply FRP materials/elements and work tools for basic products (e.g., pipes, anchors…). | 2.2.b Apply FRP materials/elements and work tools for medium level products (e.g., pools, pultrusion products). | 2.2.c Apply FRP materials/elements and work tools for high level products (e.g., structures, beams, columns, bridges.). | |
3. Plan and design the application of FRP materials/elements | A | 3.1 Design construction elements with FRP | 3.1.a Design construction elements with FRP under supervision (e.g., by using computer software …). | 3.1.b Design construction elements with FRP independently. | 3.1.c Supervise the design of construction elements with FRP (e.g. …). |
A | 3.2 Plan and calculate the use of FRP materials/elements | 3.2.a Plan and calculate the application of FRP materials/elements under supervision (e.g., …). | 3.2.b Plan and calculate the application of FRP materials/elements independently. | 3.2.c Supervise the planning and calculation of the application of FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). | |
4. Handling of used FRP materials/elements | C + A | 4.1 Assemble FRP materials/elements | 4.1.a Have basic skills for assembling FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). | 4.1.b. Have intermediate and supervision skills for assembling FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). | 4.1.c. Select and design for assembling FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). |
C + A | 4.2 Repair of damaged FRP materials/elements and structural damage | 4.2.a. Execute steps of repairing damaged FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). | 4.2.b. Supervise the repairing of damaged FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). | 4.2.c. Design and select criteria for repairing damaged FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). | |
5. Quality Assurance | C + A | 5.1 Control FRP materials/elements | 5.1.a Do a basic check of received FRP materials/elements in a building process (e.g., …). | 5.1.b Supervise the inspection of the quality of FRP materials/elements and take decisions (e.g., …). | |
6. Work Safety and (legal) requirements | C + A | 6.1 Application of all safety regulations/requirements when working with FRP materials/elements | 6.1.a Apply and follow all safety regulations/requirements when working with FRP (e.g., …). | 6.1.b Supervise the application of all safety regulations/requirements when working with FRP (e.g., …) | |
7.Environment al factors and the Circular Economy | C + A | 7.1 Application of environmental requirements/regulation s when using and designing FRP materials/elements | 7.1.a Apply all environmental requirements/regulations when using FRP materials/elements under supervision (e.g., …). | 7.1.b Design and supervise the application of all environmental requirements/regulations when using FRP materials/elements (e.g., …). | |
A | 7.2 Application of environmental requirements/regulation s for the design of construction elements with FRP | 7.2.a. Apply all environmental requirements/regulations for the design of construction elements with FRP under supervision (e.g., …). | 7.2.c Supervise the application of all environmental requirements/regulations for the design of construction elements with FRP (e.g., …). | ||
8. Documentation of data and work processes | C + A | 8.1 Documentation of data and work processes | 8.1.a Document all data and work processes (e.g., …). | 8.1.b Supervise all data and work processes. | 8.1.c Define the documentation of all data and work processes (e.g., …). |