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Effects of coenzyme Q10 in a propofol infusion syndrome model of rabbits

Banu Kilicaslan
Banu Kilicaslan
, 
Seda B Akinci
Seda B Akinci
, 
Fatma Saricaoglu
Fatma Saricaoglu
, 
Savas O Yılbas
Savas O Yılbas
 et 
Burcu A Ozkaya
Burcu A Ozkaya
   | 18 oct. 2023
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Article Category: Original article
Publié en ligne: 18 oct. 2023
Pages: 173 - 184
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0058
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© 2023 Banu Kilicaslan et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

BIS monitoring in the rabbit.
BIS monitoring in the rabbit.

Figure 2.

General view of the experimental area.
General view of the experimental area.

Figure 3.

Light micrographs of the liver, gall bladder, kidney, and urinary bladder after the propofol or sevoflurane exposure with respect to saline or additional CoQ10 therapy (hematoxylin and eosin; 200×). The propofol and sevoflurane organ toxicities were recovered up to different extents with CoQ10 therapy. The desquamated mucosal epithelia recovered in the gall bladder and the urinary bladder with CoQ10 (the second and fourth column light micrographs). The portal inflammation, hepatocytic vacuolation, sinusoidal congestion, and dilatation partially improved with CoQ10 treatment (the first column). The kidney damage, which consisted of mainly vascular congestion and tubular injury, did not change much with the CoQ10 treatment (third column). C, vascular congestion; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; D, dilatation; E, epithelium; I, inflammation; TI, tubular injury.
Light micrographs of the liver, gall bladder, kidney, and urinary bladder after the propofol or sevoflurane exposure with respect to saline or additional CoQ10 therapy (hematoxylin and eosin; 200×). The propofol and sevoflurane organ toxicities were recovered up to different extents with CoQ10 therapy. The desquamated mucosal epithelia recovered in the gall bladder and the urinary bladder with CoQ10 (the second and fourth column light micrographs). The portal inflammation, hepatocytic vacuolation, sinusoidal congestion, and dilatation partially improved with CoQ10 treatment (the first column). The kidney damage, which consisted of mainly vascular congestion and tubular injury, did not change much with the CoQ10 treatment (third column). C, vascular congestion; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; D, dilatation; E, epithelium; I, inflammation; TI, tubular injury.

Figure 4.

Light micrographs of the spleen, lung, pancreas, and striated muscle (the heart) inset after the propofol or sevoflurane exposure with respect to saline or additional CoQ10 therapy (hematoxylin and eosin; 200×).
Light micrographs of the spleen, lung, pancreas, and striated muscle (the heart) inset after the propofol or sevoflurane exposure with respect to saline or additional CoQ10 therapy (hematoxylin and eosin; 200×).

The amount of total fluids and drugs given intravenously, serum CoQ10 levels and the time to death, and survival ratio at the 24th hour after the start of propofol infusion or sevofurane inhalation

Propofol Propofol + CoQ10 Sevoflurane Sevoflurane + CoQ10 P value
Total fluid given (mL) 341 (225–875) 186 (100–300) 284 (200–390) 170 (155–200) 0.057
Total urine output (mL) 160 (85–650) 40 (20–100) 150 (50–170) 85 (50–100) 0.073
Total bicarbonate 5 (0–50) 0 (0–10) 0 (0–10) 0 (0–0) 0.424
Total propofol (mg) 1400 (980–2200) 1050 (760–2000) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) NA
Serum CoQ10 level (μg/mL) – basal 0.14 (0.09–0.39) 0.1 (0.06–0.23) 0.26 (0.16–0.56) 0.13 (0.05–0.21) 0.131
Serum CoQ10 level (μg/mL) – 12th hour 0.41 (0.38–0.45) 0.23 (0.12–0.36) 0.28 (0.08–0.58) 0.16 (0.09–0.25) 0.356
Serum CoQ10 level (μg/mL) – 24th hour N = 0 0.38 (N = 1) 0.24 (N = 1) 0.23 (0.11–0.34) NA
Time to death (h) 12 (6–20) 18 (16–24) 20 (17–24) 23 (20–24) 0.066
Survival ratio (%) – 24th hour 0 (0) 1 (25) 1 (25) 2 (50) 0.446

The laboratory results of the four experimental groups

Propofol Propofol + CoQ10 Sevoflurane Sevoflurane + CoQ10 P value
PH – basal 7.37 (7.17–7.64) 7.4 (7.19–7.55) 7.43 (7.17–7.64) 7.35 (7.25–7.5) 0.980
pH – 12th hour 7.40 (7.15–7.47) 7.15 (7.15–7.15) 7.37 (7.28–7.47) 7.4 (7.28–7.46) 0.804
PaCO2 – basal (mmHg) 44.5 (14–63) 42 (41–48) 53.5 (14–61) 30 (22–47) 0.481
PaCO2 – 12th hour (mmHg) 26 (20–38) 34 (34–34) 25 (24–26) 27 (20–38) 0.595
PaO2 – basal (mmHg) 249 (149–371) 258 (214–266) 256 (149–316) 217 (208–251) 0.752
PaO2 – 12th hour (mmHg) 240 (56–391) 116 (116–116) 301.5 (228–375) 273 (185–380) 0.508
Ca+2 – basal (mmol/L) 1.3 (1–1.75) 1.5 (1.52–1.75) 1.42 (1–1.69) 1.27 (1.07–1.35) 0.237
Ca+2 – 12th hour (mmol/L) 1.45 (0.4–1.61) 0.4 (0.4–0.4) 1.34 (1.24–1.45) 1.5 (0.57–1.51) 0.258
Glucose – basal (mg/dL) 299 (135–467) 307 (268–308) 294 (226–463) 320 (135–467) 0.938
Glucose – 12th hour (mg/dL) 111 (47–234) 47 (47–47) 93.5 (76–111) 144 (121–234) 0.162
Lactate – basal (mmol/L) 2.85 (1–10.5) 4 (1.2–10.5) 1.4 (1–3.2) 4.3 (3.9–5.2) 0.190
Lactate – 12th hour (mmol/L) 5 (3.1–8.8) 4.3 (4.3–4.3) 4.05 (3.1–5) 5.3 (3.2–8.8) 0.855
HCO3 – basal (mmol/L) 26 (9.6–36.4) 26 (18.3–36) 28 (15.1–34.7) 23.4 (9.6–25.9) 0.548
HCO3 – 12th hour (mmol/L) 16.7 (11.8–19.5) 11.8 (11.8–11.8) 16 (14.8–17.2) 16.7 (14.2–17.9) 0.277
BE – basal (mmol/L) 0.35 (−17.6 to 13.5) 1.2 (−9.9 to 13.5) 3.6 (−6.2 to 11.1) 0.2 (−17.6 to 0.3) 0.586
BE – 12th hour (mmol/L) −7.2 (−17.1 to 14.2) −17.1 (−17.1 to 17.1) −10.1 (−13 to 7.2) 8.8 (−8.1 to 14.2) 0.294
Hematocrit – basal (%) 34 (30–38) 41 (35–46) 37 (35–48) 37 (35–40) 0.282
Hematocrit – 12th hour (%) 34 (34–34) 41 (38–45) 29 (22–43) 35 (33–42) 0.141
ALT – basal (U/L) 32 (26–141) 59 (44–68) 63 (33–163) 95 (62–110) 0.484
ALT – 12th hour (U/L) 84 (29–254) 86 (63–214) 252 (37–440) 112 (93–487) 0.606
AST – basal (U/L) 86 (10–518) 38 (28–41) 46 (25–108) 53 (30–74) 0.606
AST – 12th hour (U/L) 202 (100–1166) 106 (90–820) 509 (107–1421) 98 (89–627) 0.409
GGT – basal (U/L) 9 (7–21) 12 (8–18) 8 (6–21) 12 (9–15) 0.628
GGT – 12th hour (U/L) 9 (4–16) 10 (7–102) 9 (7–16) 16 (9–17) 0.676
Creatinine – basal (mg/dL) 1.08 (0.9–1.20) 1.12 (1.1–1.16) 1.01 (0.8–1.15) 0.9 (0.9–1.02) 0.204
Creatinine – 12th hour (mg/dL) 1.6 (0.8–3) 2.14 (1.35–4.33) 1.2 (0.9–3.2) 1.4 (1.2–2.14) 0.631
LDH – basal (U/L) 746 (688–900) 932 (444–1540) 689 (600–720) 629 (362–1410) 0.508
LDH – 12th hour (U/L) 1356 (1287–2200) 1654 (1500–1944) 1891 (1748–2595) 845 (814–877) 0.078
CK – basal hour (U/L) 1847 (902–2137) 2922 (2545–3300) 1683 (1436–2089) 1724 (1305–2203) 0.191
CK – 12th hour (U/L) 3838 (2961–5876) 3118 (2900–5402) 4236 (3594–9921) 11415 (6000–12769) 0.117
Amylase – basal (U/L) 289 (281–350) 285 (246–356) 286 (218–333) 291 (231–310) 0.820
Amylase – 12th hour (U/L) 485 (440–625) 371 (323–605) 341 (291–510) 449 (364–1084) 0.289
Troponin T – basal (ng/mL) 0.03 (0.01–0.8) 0.005 (0–0.001) 0.05 (0.01–0.18) 0.01 (0–0.01) 0.535
Troponin T – 12th hour (ng/mL) 0.94 (0.2–3.5) 0.005 (0–0.026)*# 0.15 (0.13–0.2)* 0.01 (0–0.01)*# 0.007
Cholesterol – basal (mg/dL) 49 (32–55) 30 (27–57) 47 (27–92) 32 (29–82) 0.795
Cholesterol – 12th hour (mg/dL) 119 (64–134) 119 (43–124) 49 (24–81) 48 (29–68) 0.138
Triglicerides – basal (mg/dL) 156 (62–201) 168 (67–270) 60 (43–84) 92 (98–152) 0.139
Triglicerides – 12th hour (mg/dL) 993 (663–5460) 1013 (213–1549)# 106 (62–270)* 325 (126–525) 0.038

The histopathologic organ injury scores

Propofol Propofol + CoQ10 Sevoflurane Sevoflurane + CoQ10 P value
Lung
Pulmonary edema 2.5 (2–3) 2.5 (1–3) 2.5 (2–3) 2.5 (2–3) 0.983
Parenchymal congestion 3 (2–3) 2.5 (2–3) 2.5 (2–3) 2.5 (2–3) 0.870
Alveolar hemorrhage 1 (1–2) 1 (1–3) 1 (1–2) 1 (1–1) 0.794
Inflammation 2 (2–2) 2 (1–3) 2 (2–2) 2 (2–2) 1
Lung injury score 8.5 (7–10) 8.5 (5–10) 8.5 (7–9) 8 (7–9) 0.926
Liver
Necrosis 0.5 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 1 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 0.061
Hepatocellular injury 2 (2–3) 1 (1–2) 2 (2–2) 1 (1–2) 0.028
Congestion 2.5 (2–3) 2 (1–2) 2.5 (2–3) 1 (1–2) 0.038
Inflammation 1.5 (1–2) 1 (0–1) 2 (1–2) 0.5 (0–1) 0.039
Vacuolar degeneration 3 (2–3) 1.5 (1–2) 2 (2–3) 2 (2–2) 0.037
Liver injury score 10 (7–11) 5 (4–7)*# 9 (7–11) 4.5 (4–7)*# 0.016
Spleen
Congestion 1.5 (1–2) 0.5 (0–1) 1 (1–2) 0.5 (0–1) 0.075
Fibrosis 0 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 0.543
Spleen injury score 1.5 (1–3) 0.5 (0–1) 1 (1–3) 0.5 (0–1) 0.079
Kidney
Congestion 1.5 (1–2) 1 (1–1) 1 (1–2) 1 (1–2) 0.475
Necrosis 2 (1–3) 1 (1–2) 1.5 (1–3) 2 (2–2) 0.306
Kidney injury score 3.5 (2–5) 2 (2–3) 2.5 (2–5) 3 (3–4) 0.257
Heart
Congestion 1 (0–1) 0 (0–1) 0.5 (0–1) 0 (0–1) 0.454
Necrosis 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 1
Inflammation 0 (0–1) 0 (0––0) 0.5 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 0.238
Heart injury score 1 (0–2) 0 (0–1) 1 (0–2) 0 (0–0) 0.177
Muscle
Congestion 1 (0–1) 0 (0–1) 0.5 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 0.172
Necrosis 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 1
Inflammation 0 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.392
Muscle injury score 1 (0–2) 0 (0–1) 0.5 (0–1) 0 (0–0) 0.146
Gall bladder
Congestion 1 (0–1) 1 (0–1) 1 (1–2) 1 (0–1) 0.419
Necrosis 2 (0–2) 0.5 (0–1) 2 (1–2) 1 (0–1) 0.023
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