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Factors affecting the shear wave elastic quantitative measurement of penile tissue in rats

Wan-Ting Rao
Wan-Ting Rao
, 
Jing-Dong Tang
Jing-Dong Tang
 et 
Jin-Fang Xing
Jin-Fang Xing
   | 07 août 2023
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Article Category: Brief communication
Publié en ligne: 07 août 2023
Pages: 22 - 29
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0040
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© 2023 Wan-Ting Rao et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

2D-SWE imaging of the penis. The grayscale image of the rat penis clearly showed that the cross-section of the rat penis (below, the O area indicated by the thick arrow) was oval, with a clear boundary, intact capsule, and uniform low echogenicity in the interior. The 2D-SWE image showed that the ROI within the rat penile tissue (above, the O area indicated by the thin arrow) was completely filled with color, similar to an oil painting without mosaic-like points. +Q-Box™, shear wave elastic quantitative measurement results; 2D-SWE, 2-dimensional shear wave elastography; Diam, diameter; Max, maximum value; Mean, mean value; Min, minimum value; SD, standard deviation.
2D-SWE imaging of the penis. The grayscale image of the rat penis clearly showed that the cross-section of the rat penis (below, the O area indicated by the thick arrow) was oval, with a clear boundary, intact capsule, and uniform low echogenicity in the interior. The 2D-SWE image showed that the ROI within the rat penile tissue (above, the O area indicated by the thin arrow) was completely filled with color, similar to an oil painting without mosaic-like points. +Q-Box™, shear wave elastic quantitative measurement results; 2D-SWE, 2-dimensional shear wave elastography; Diam, diameter; Max, maximum value; Mean, mean value; Min, minimum value; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2.

Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and type III collagen in rat penile tissue (× 200). Immunohistochemical staining showed positive results (brown areas). (A): Alpha-smooth muscle actin. (B): type III collagen. Bars were 100 μm.
Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and type III collagen in rat penile tissue (× 200). Immunohistochemical staining showed positive results (brown areas). (A): Alpha-smooth muscle actin. (B): type III collagen. Bars were 100 μm.

Figure 3.

Multiple linear regression analysis results of (A) SWQ, PAPS, and PAPC. Scatter plots showed a linear correlation between SWQ and PAPS, SWQ, and PAPC, respectively. (B) The histogram and (C) P-P plot showed that the regression standardized residuals of SWQ were normally distributed (mean = 2.37E-15, SD = 0.983). (D) Residual plot showed that the regression standardized residuals distributed symmetrically around the 0-value, possessing independence and equal variance. SWQ, shear wave elastic quantitative measurement; PAPS, positive area proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin; PAPC, positive area proportion of type III collagen fiber.
Multiple linear regression analysis results of (A) SWQ, PAPS, and PAPC. Scatter plots showed a linear correlation between SWQ and PAPS, SWQ, and PAPC, respectively. (B) The histogram and (C) P-P plot showed that the regression standardized residuals of SWQ were normally distributed (mean = 2.37E-15, SD = 0.983). (D) Residual plot showed that the regression standardized residuals distributed symmetrically around the 0-value, possessing independence and equal variance. SWQ, shear wave elastic quantitative measurement; PAPS, positive area proportion of alpha-smooth muscle actin; PAPC, positive area proportion of type III collagen fiber.

Figure 4.

The principle of 2D-SWE. The probe emitted the exciting acoustic impulse (red thick arrows) to the measured tissue. The impulse continuously focused on the tissue, leading the particles (red circles) to vibrate. The shear wave (black arrow) formed and propagated transversely after tissue vibration. The shear wave velocity was measured to calculate the SWQ value reflecting the tissue elastic characteristics. The white area with dotted lines was the 2D-SWE imaging area (elastography map). 2D-SWE, 2-dimensional shear wave elastography; SWQ, shear wave elastic quantitative measurement.
The principle of 2D-SWE. The probe emitted the exciting acoustic impulse (red thick arrows) to the measured tissue. The impulse continuously focused on the tissue, leading the particles (red circles) to vibrate. The shear wave (black arrow) formed and propagated transversely after tissue vibration. The shear wave velocity was measured to calculate the SWQ value reflecting the tissue elastic characteristics. The white area with dotted lines was the 2D-SWE imaging area (elastography map). 2D-SWE, 2-dimensional shear wave elastography; SWQ, shear wave elastic quantitative measurement.

Multiple linear regression results in the rat penis

Variables Coefficient Standard error t P F R2
PAPS −0.050 0.029 −1.745 0.086 21.152*** 0.426
PAPC −0.070 0.028 −2.521 0.015
Constant 10.376 0.255 40.663 0.000

SWQ, PAPS, and PAPC measurements in rat penile tissue

Number Section SWQ (kPa) PAPS (%) PAPC (%)
1 NG 6.90 16.11 24.56
M 6.90 14.76 24.45
NT 7.00 14.57 25.01
2 NG 9.40 12.75 22.09
M 5.80 17.15 27.64
NT 9.50 13.17 19.42
3 NG 12.50 8.99 9.16
M 8.90 8.13 8.11
NT 8.50 13.49 7.11
4 NG 7.50 19.89 14.20
M 5.90 28.84 20.28
NT 5.70 28.79 18.18
5 NG 8.40 17.82 10.61
M 8.40 12.93 12.11
NT 8.30 7.73 18.71
6 NG 8.60 16.31 11.96
M 7.60 18.83 15.77
NT 7.70 20.17 18.33
7 NG 6.90 30.08 34.32
M 7.00 38.75 29.57
NT 5.60 33.72 31.44
8 NG 9.80 30.95 12.90
M 9.80 21.58 10.42
NT 12.60 14.02 12.80
9 NG 8.50 13.96 23.67
M 8.20 10.52 26.86
NT 9.60 11.61 27.99
10 NG 10.50 8.98 8.56
M 11.10 9.93 11.21
NT 10.40 11.62 8.89
11 NG 9.60 4.99 3.87
M 8.80 4.06 4.03
NT 7.30 4.16 4.72
12 NG 10.00 2.39 2.37
M 9.90 2.76 2.09
NT 10.40 2.72 1.64
13 NG 11.20 3.32 2.48
M 10.60 3.33 2.47
NT 9.70 3.70 3.92
14 NG 9.30 2.51 2.36
M 10.20 1.93 2.81
NT 10.30 1.64 2.64
15 NG 11.40 3.33 1.05
M 9.60 3.88 1.21
NT 8.80 4.31 1.60
16 NG 10.50 2.49 2.64
M 9.10 3.61 3.15
NT 10.20 3.47 3.55
17 NG 9.80 4.74 2.20
M 10.70 2.14 2.65
NT 8.50 4.17 3.15
18 NG 10.20 3.31 3.17
M 9.40 4.19 3.59
NT 9.00 4.20 3.49
19 NG 8.90 4.03 4.09
M 9.20 3.73 4.90
NT 7.70 4.93 5.62
20 NG 10.30 5.04 3.37
M 9.50 4.44 3.20
NT 12.50 3.35 2.68
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