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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Numerical Solution of Abel′s Integral Equations using Hermite Wavelet

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Fig. 1

Comparison of numerical solutions with exact solutions of example 1.
Comparison of numerical solutions with exact solutions of example 1.

Fig. 2

Comparison of numerical solutions, exact solutions and existing methods of example 2.
Comparison of numerical solutions, exact solutions and existing methods of example 2.

Fig. 3

Comparison of error analysis of example 2.
Comparison of error analysis of example 2.

Fig. 4

Comparison of Numerical solutions of example 3.
Comparison of Numerical solutions of example 3.

Fig. 5

Comparison of Numerical solutions of example 4.
Comparison of Numerical solutions of example 4.

Fig. 6

Comparison of Error analysis of example 4.
Comparison of Error analysis of example 4.

Numerical results of example 4.

x Exact solution Present method (k = 1, M = 10) Method [22] (k = 0, M = 16) Method [23] (m = 16)
0.1 0.414059 0.411229 0.415689 0.402472
0.2 0.508352 0.507572 0.505528 0.519751
0.3 0.564309 0.563685 0.566205 0.554755
0.4 0.603347 0.602926 0.601908 0.605031
0.5 0.632868 0.632521 0.634188 0.640487
0.6 0.656323 0.656059 0.655109 0.654785
0.7 0.675601 0.675358 0.676588 0.678700
0.8 0.691842 0.691690 0.691596 0.688860
0.9 0.705787 0.705398 0.704377 0.706495

Error analysis of example 3.

x Present method (k = 1, M = 10) Method [23] (m = 16)
0.1 1.52e-08 2.99e-03
0.2 6.92e-10 6.86e-03
0.3 1.79e-09 6.55e-03
0.4 5.79e-10 1.75e-03
0.5 1.04e-09 8.27e-03
0.6 3.79e-10 1.64e-03
0.7 1.14e-09 4.11e-03
0.8 9.93e-10 3.98e-03
0.9 8.86e-09 1.13e-03

Error analysis of example 2.

x Present method (k = 1, M = 10) Method [22] (k = 1, M = 8) Method [23] (m = 16)
0.1 4.73e-04 1.18e-03 8.57e-04
0.2 3.77e-05 1.38e-03 1.32e-02
0.3 6.21e-05 1.29e-03 1.11e-02
0.4 2.37e-05 1.52e-03 3.13e-03
0.5 2.85e-05 5.90e-04 1.38e-02
0.6 9.87e-06 4.19e-04 2.57e-03
0.7 2.72e-05 3.19e-04 7.08e-03
0.8 3.05e-05 2.54e-04 6.71e-03
0.9 2.59e-04 2.08e-04 2.09e-03

Error analysis of example 4.

x Present method (k = 1, M = 10) Method [22] (k = 0, M = 16) Method [23] (m = 16)
0.1 2.82e-03 1.62e-03 1.15e-02
0.2 7.79e-04 2.82e-03 1.13e-02
0.3 6.23e-04 1.89e-03 9.55e-03
0.4 4.21e-04 1.43e-03 1.68e-03
0.5 3.46e-04 1.32e-03 7.61e-03
0.6 2.63e-04 1.21e-03 1.53e-03
0.7 2.42e-04 9.86e-04 3.09e-03
0.8 1.50e-04 2.45e-04 2.98e-03
0.9 3.87e-04 1.40e-03 7.08e-04

Numerical results of example 1.

x Exact solution Present method (k = 1, M = 8) Abs. Error
0.1 0.9910 0.9910 1.61e-12
0.2 0.9680 0.9680 4.71e-13
0.3 0.9370 0.9370 2.27e-12
0.4 0.9040 0.9040 3.04e-12
0.5 0.8750 0.8750 2.52e-12
0.6 0.8560 0.8560 9.67e-13
0.7 0.8530 0.8530 9.64e-13
0.8 0.8720 0.8720 2.36e-12
0.9 0.9190 0.9190 2.36e-12

Numerical results of example 3.

x Exact solution Present method (k = 1, M = 10) Method [23] (m = 16)
0.1 0.953462589245592 0.953462604453520 0.95646081381695
0.2 0.912870929175277 0.912870928482700 0.90601007037324
0.3 0.877058019307029 0.877058021105882 0.88361513925322
0.4 0.845154254728517 0.845154255308354 0.84340093819493
0.5 0.816496580927726 0.816496581976408 0.80822420481499
0.6 0.790569415042095 0.790569415421744 0.79221049469412
0.7 0.766964988847370 0.766964989996025 0.76284677221990
0.8 0.745355992499930 0.745355991505969 0.74933888037055
0.9 0.725476250110012 0.725476258975992 0.72434536240934

Numerical results of example 2.

x Exact solution Present method (k = 1, M = 10) Method [22] (k = 1, M = 8) Method [23] (m = 16)
0.1 0.201317 0.200842 0.200128 0.200460
0.2 0.284705 0.284667 0.286092 0.297987
0.3 0.348691 0.348628 0.347394 0.337588
0.4 0.402634 0.402609 0.404161 0.405769
0.5 0.450158 0.450129 0.449568 0.464014
0.6 0.493124 0.493113 0.492704 0.490550
0.7 0.532634 0.532607 0.532315 0.539721
0.8 0.569410 0.569440 0.569156 0.562698
0.9 0.603951 0.603690 0.603742 0.606044
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