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Figure 1
Count of reports in function of their number of words.Excluding stopwords, numbers and punctuation. The average (660 words, black line) lies far beyond the median (380 words, maximum peak of count), due to a few documents exceeding 10 pages (10,000 words).
Figure 2
Number of reports sent per city. Total French: 23,426. 1920 (thin) and August 1945 (thick) borders. (Map projection: Dymaxion).
Figure 3
Detail of Figure 2: Europe. (Map projection: Peirce Quincuncial).
Figure 4
Distribution of documents from selected cities, per city and time span of origin. Line colour is transparent: Light grey lines indicate one or two documents and dark lines multiple documents overlapping in the same time span. The line width is proportional to the number of tokens per document, divided by the line's length.
Figure 5
Plutchik's wheel of emotions‹. The intensity of emotions weakens with distance from the centre. Similar emotions are placed next to each other and contrasting emotions opposite to each other. Complex emotions appear as combinations of the basic emotions, between the petals of main axes.
Figure 6
The 30 most frequent polarised lemmas in the corpus, according to the original FEEL lexicon. Turquoise terms marked as positive, and red terms marked as negative. Crossed out terms reflect judgement arbitral of the lexicon authors rather than actual sentiments and were removed prior to further analysis. The full list of removed terms is in the Annex.
Figure 7
Evolution of final salutations.
Figure 8
Number of texts expressing each given sentiment. Histogram. n=27,000.Here, we also include texts from wide time spans.
Figure 9
Evolution of mean document frequency of crisis-related lemmas.
Figure 10
Evolution of mean document frequency of Fascism- and Nazism-related lemmas. These encompass nazisme, nazi, naziste, antinazisme, fasciste, fascisme, fascisation and anti-fasciste.
Figure 11
Evolution of mean document frequency of terms related to war and reconstruction, including reconstruire and régénérer.
Figure 12
Indicators of negative sentiments: negative, fear, sadness, anger. The thick grey line reflects average of all cities shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Annotations: maximum Tokyo (A) and maximum Stockholm (B).
Figure 13
50 polar lemmas with the largest D between 1940 and 1944 frequencies and all time frequency average. Polarity is given by colour. Negative values on the x-axis denote terms that appear less in that period than in all time average, and positive values represent terms that appear more.
Figure 14
Evolution of sentiment intensity defined as (positive + negative)/total of tokens excepting stopwords. Loess smoothing applied. Global average in thick dark grey.
Figure 15
Demonstration march against strike-breakers in Ådalen, Lunde, on May 14th 1931, 3PM, gathering 3,000 people. A few minutes later, five people were killed by bullets fired by troops. Photo: IT News Agency / Scanpix.
Figure 16
Stockholm. Frequency D of polarised lemmas between the 1928 and 1932 period and all time Stockholm average. Colour indicates polarity. Negative values on the x-axis denote terms that appear less in that period than in all time Stockholm average; positive values denote terms that appear more.
Figure 17
Co-occurrence network of most frequent lemmas in reports from Stockholm, 1928-1932. We have kept only politically relevant lemmas in this visualisation (excluding e. g. ›année‹ or ›voir‹). We applied Fruchterman–Reingold network layout, meaning that strongly linked lemmas are close to each other on the graphic. Edge weights show lemma co-occurrence frequency; circle sizes are proportional to lemma frequency. Polarised lemmas, marked in red and turquoise, reflect the sentiments expressed when reporting on these topics.
Figure 18
Selected nodes from the semantic network of Figure 17, showing only the part of the network related to social movements. Socialism and the working class movement are particularly important topics in this period.
Figure 19
Indicators of disgust and surprise. The thick grey line reflects average of all cities shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Figure 20
Indicators marking positive sentiments: positive, compound and joy. The thick grey line reflects average of all cities shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Figure 21
Washington. Frequency D of polarised lemmas in the 1940–1944 period and all time Washington average. Colour indicates sentiment polarity. Negative values on the x-axis denote terms that appear less in that period than in all time Stockholm average; positive values denote terms that appear more.
Figure 22
Frequency of lemmas associated with joy in London, 1932-1936.