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In bromeliad phytotelma, anthropic disturbance does not affect the nematode trophic structure

Alexandre Macedo Almeida
Alexandre Macedo Almeida
, 
Janeo Eustáquio Almeida Filho
Janeo Eustáquio Almeida Filho
 et 
Ricardo Moreira Souza
Ricardo Moreira Souza
   | 10 nov. 2020
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Publié en ligne: 10 nov. 2020
Pages: 1 - 10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-101
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© 2020 Alexandre Macedo Almeida et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Satellite (source Google Maps®) and ground views of areas with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil. A, B: area 1, most disturbed; C, D: area 2, intermediate; D, E: area 3, least disturbed.
Satellite (source Google Maps®) and ground views of areas with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil. A, B: area 1, most disturbed; C, D: area 2, intermediate; D, E: area 3, least disturbed.

Figure 2:

Mean number of nematodes in Neoregelia cruenta phytotelma in areas (1-3) with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil. For each trophic group, columns marked with the same letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey test at 5%. Numbers in the columns indicate the mean number/standard error of the mean. Values are mean of 64 sampled bromeliads.
Mean number of nematodes in Neoregelia cruenta phytotelma in areas (1-3) with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil. For each trophic group, columns marked with the same letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey test at 5%. Numbers in the columns indicate the mean number/standard error of the mean. Values are mean of 64 sampled bromeliads.

Figure 3:

Mean number of nematodes in Neoregelia cruenta phytotelma in seasonal samplings in areas (A1-A3) with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil. For each sampling, empty columns indicate no significant differences among areas according to the Tukey test at 5%. Different letters indicate significant differences among areas. Numbers in the columns indicate the mean number/standard error of the mean. Values are mean of eight bromeliads sampled per season and per area.
Mean number of nematodes in Neoregelia cruenta phytotelma in seasonal samplings in areas (A1-A3) with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil. For each sampling, empty columns indicate no significant differences among areas according to the Tukey test at 5%. Different letters indicate significant differences among areas. Numbers in the columns indicate the mean number/standard error of the mean. Values are mean of eight bromeliads sampled per season and per area.

Descriptive statistics of physico–chemical properties of the water retained in Neoregelia cruenta phytotelma, in areas with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil.

Areas
1a 2 3
Properties Mean (min-max) SD Mean (min-max) SD Mean (min-max) SD
Temp (°C)b 21.9 (20-26) 2.1 22.1 (20-26) 2.3 21.1 (20-29) 2.6
DO2 (mg/L) 5.5 (2.7-8) 1.2 5.6 (3.7-7.4) 0.9 5.7 (3.2-8) 1
DS (mg/L) 64.1 (12-381) 55.1 69.8 (9-284) 54.2 80 (8-247) 56.6
EC (mS/cm) 0.09 (0.02-0.6) 0.08 0.1 (0.01-0.4) 0.08 0.1 (0.01-0.4) 0.08
pH 6.1 (4.1-8.2) 0.8 5.8 (4.5-6.8) 0.6 5.6 (3.5-8.1) 0.7
Vol (mL) 270.6 (25-845) 171.2 271.1 (20-740) 177.1 222.5 (37-910) 157.9
OD (g) 13.4 (0.3-55.8) 12.3 13.5 (1-61.4) 12.4 13.7 (1-51) 10.4
DOC (mg/L) 62.3 (13.2-210.7) 42.8 78.7 (14.9-468.3) 64.8 97.4 (15.9-574) 108.5
N (mg/L) 4.1 (0.1-17.4) 2.9 4.4 (0.1-10.8) 2.7 4.2 (0.1-12.8) 2.9

Mean number of nematodes in Neoregelia cruenta phytotelma in seasonal samplings in areas with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil.

Season/year Area BFa HF C Total abundance
Fall/2014 1b 14.7a 22a 17b 82.1ab
2 9.9a 18.5a 57a 92.7a
3 8.9a 5.4b 21.1b 54.2b
Winter/2014 1 2.4a 5.8a 8.9a 31.6b
2 9.7a 9.6a 14.6a 44.5ab
3 14.4a 4a 11.5a 64.9a
Spring/2014 1 15.9a 7.2a 14.8a 48a
2 29.3a 5.8a 7.2a 40.2a
3 3.8a 4.2a 9.1a 22.9a
Summer/2015 1 22.4a 11.8ab 9.9a 40.9a
2 7.6b 7.1a 9.2a 34.5a
3 8.9b 3b 6.8a 25.1a
Fall/2015 1 12.8a 4.5a 8.4a 24a
2 6.9a 1.5a 6.7a 12.9a
3 7.3a 0.6a 6.3a 11.3a
Winter/2015 1 24.9a 9.1a 16a 53.9a
2 11.9b 5.9a 16.1a 35.4a
3 29.7a 2.7a 12.3a 48.9a
Spring/2015 1 8.5a 6.5a 7.6b 28.7a
2 7.7a 4.3a 28.1a 41.7a
3 7.5a 5.3a 10.5b 24.5a
Summer/2016 1 9.3b 3.3a 12.2a 25.4ab
2 10.4b 2.3a 10.2a 19.6b
3 27.7a 4.6a 18.2a 55.7a

Description and level of anthropic disturbance in three areas of Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazila.

Levels
Description Area 1 Area 2 Area 3
Removal of vegetation due to road construction 1b 1 0
Removal of vegetation for the establishment of commercial activities 1 0 0
Removal of vegetation of gardening/landscaping interest 2 1 0
Removal of vegetation for establishment of coconut plantation 2 0 0
Damage to vegetation due to human trampling 2 2 0
Littering on vegetation 2 1 0
Traffic of vehicles in the area 2 1 1
Establishment of housing 2 0 0
Sand removal for building purposes 2 1 0
Sum 16 7 1

ANOVA of nematode abundance in Neoregelia cruenta phytotelma, in areas with different levels of anthropic disturbance, in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Brazil.

Sources of variation Statistical parameters Area Season Area×season Error R 2
Bacterial feeders MSEa 123.3 363.3 393.5 94.7 0.5
p-value nsc ***b *** – –
Hyphal feeders MSE 261.7 162.9 62.8 24.5 0.6
p-value *** *** ** – –
Carnivores MSE 771.4 570.7 469.7 96.3 0.6
p-value *** *** *** – –
Total abundance MSE 293.7 3877.7 1266.1 558 0.6
p-value ns *** ** – –
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