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Morphological and molecular characterization of Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. and additional data on P. engadinensis (Altherr, 1950) Altherr, 1952 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae) from northwest of Iran

Nasir Vazifeh
Nasir Vazifeh
, 
Gholamreza Niknam
Gholamreza Niknam
, 
Habibeh Jabbari
Habibeh Jabbari
 et 
Reyes Peña-Santiago
Reyes Peña-Santiago
   | 28 avr. 2020
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Publié en ligne: 28 avr. 2020
Pages: 1 - 12
Reçu: 23 janv. 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-030
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© 2020 Nasir Vazifeh et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. (A) neck region; (B) anterior region; (C) amphidial pouch, (D) entire body, (E) genital system, (F) posterior body region.
Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. (A) neck region; (B) anterior region; (C) amphidial pouch, (D) entire body, (E) genital system, (F) posterior body region.

Figure 2:

Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. (female) (A) entire, (B, C) anterior body region in lateral median view, (D) lip region in lateral surface view, (E) pharyngo-intestinal junction, (F) vagina, (G) posterior body region, (H) genital system, (I) pharyngeal expansion and pharyngo-intestinal junction, (J) lateral chord. (Scale bars: A = 32 μm; B-I = 10 μm).
Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. (female) (A) entire, (B, C) anterior body region in lateral median view, (D) lip region in lateral surface view, (E) pharyngo-intestinal junction, (F) vagina, (G) posterior body region, (H) genital system, (I) pharyngeal expansion and pharyngo-intestinal junction, (J) lateral chord. (Scale bars: A = 32 μm; B-I = 10 μm).

Figure 3:

Phylogenetic tree of the Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. using D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA gene inferred from a Bayesian analysis under SYM + I + G model (−lnL = 3,311.6086; AIC = 6,637.2173; freqA = 0.2474; freqC = 0.2381; freqG = 0.2699; freqT = 0.2446; R(a) = 1.0335; R(b) = 5.3584; R(c) = 1.8784; R(d) = 0.7817; R(e) = 8.4264; R(f) = 1.0000). Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequence is in bold letters.
Phylogenetic tree of the Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. using D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA gene inferred from a Bayesian analysis under SYM + I + G model (−lnL = 3,311.6086; AIC = 6,637.2173; freqA = 0.2474; freqC = 0.2381; freqG = 0.2699; freqT = 0.2446; R(a) = 1.0335; R(b) = 5.3584; R(c) = 1.8784; R(d) = 0.7817; R(e) = 8.4264; R(f) = 1.0000). Posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. Newly obtained sequence is in bold letters.

Figure 4:

Pungentus engadinensis (Altherr, 1950) Altherr, 1952, Anterior region, Vaginae and Posterior body region of (A-C) Urmia; (D-F) Divandarreh; (G-I) Bokan; (J-L) Maragheh; (M-O) Sufiyan and (P-R) Basmenj populations, respectively. (Scale bars 10 μm).
Pungentus engadinensis (Altherr, 1950) Altherr, 1952, Anterior region, Vaginae and Posterior body region of (A-C) Urmia; (D-F) Divandarreh; (G-I) Bokan; (J-L) Maragheh; (M-O) Sufiyan and (P-R) Basmenj populations, respectively. (Scale bars 10 μm).

Nematode species, locality, associated host and sequences used in this study.

Species Locality Host-plant Accession number
Enchodelus cf longispiculus Gorgan province, Iran – KP190119
Enchodelus sp Hamedan province, Iran – KP190120
Enchodelus sp – – EF207240
Enchodelus macrodorus – – AY593054
Enchodeloides signyensis KY881719
Enchodorus dolichurus – – KR184124
Enchodorus dolichurus – – KR184125
Enchodorus yeatsi Andimeshk, Khuzestan province, Iran Mosses in a natural region KX691911
Heterodorus youbertghostai Sabalan mountains, Iran Grasslands KR184127
Heterodorus youbertghostai Arasbaran forests, Kaleybar, East-Azarbayjan province, Iran Grasses KR184126
Heterodorus brevidentatus Kerman, Iran – KP963962
Longidorella penetrans – – HM235515
Longidorella cf macramphis – – AY593042
Paravulvus hartingii – – AY593062
Pungentus silvestris – – AY593052
Pungentus silvestris – – AY593053
Pungentus engadinensis – – AY593050
Pungentus engadinensis Damghan, Semnan province, Iran Fruit trees MH346473
Pungentus engadinensis Noshahr, Mazandaran province, Iran Forest trees MH346474
Pungentus monohystera Germany Sediment MF325343
Pungentus monohystera Germany Sediment MF325344
Pungentus azarbaijanensis West-Azarbaijan province, Iran Grasses MH346476
Pungentus azarbaijanensis West-Azarbaijan province, Iran Grasses MH346477
Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp. Sufiyan, East-Azarbaijan province, Iran Black cherry trees (Prunus cerasus L.) MN855359
Rhyssocolpus vinciguerrae Astara forests, north-western Iran Forest trees KP204547

Morphometric data for Pungentus sufiyanensis n. sp.

Sufiyan population
Locality Female Bokan population Marand population
Characters Holotype Paratypes Female Female
n – 7 8 2
L 1.49 1.53 ± 0.08 1.41 ± 0.09 1.27 ± 0.07
(1.40–1.57) (1.33–1.54) (1.22–1.33)
a 45 42.0 ± 3.3 47.0 ± 2.8 46.0 ± 2.3
(40.0–47.0) (42.0–50.0) (43.0–49.0)
b 4.4 4.5 ± 0.1 4.4 ± 0.3 3.9 ± 0.7
(4.3–4.8) (4.0–5.0) (3.9–4.0)
c 68 75.0 ± 6.1 70.0 ± 4.7 68.0 ± 1.4
(65.0–84.0) (66.0–75.0) (67.0–70.0)
c´ 1 0.8 ± 0.01 0.9 ± 0.07 0.9 ± 0.01
(0.7–1.0) (0.8–1.0) (0.8–1.0)
V 50 49.0 ± 1.0 49.0 ± 1.0 51.0 ± 2.3
(47.0–50.0) (48.0–51.0) (49.0–54.0)
Lip region diam. 8 8.4 ± 0.3 8.2 ± 0.6 8.0 ± 0.5
(8.0–9.0) (7.5–9.0) (7.0–9.0)
Odontostyle length 20 19.0 ± 0.7 19.0 ± 1.4 20.0 ± 0.4
(18.0–20.0) (18.0–20.5) (19.0–21.0)
Odontophore length 18 17.0 ± 0.8 16.5 ± 0.2 17.0 ± 1.8
(15.0–18.0) (16.0–17.0) (16.0–19.0)
Guiding ring from ant. end 13 13.0 ± 0.5 13.5 ± 0.0 14.0 ± 0.0
(12.0–14.0) (13.5) (14.0)
Neck length 325 335 ± 7 340 ± 15 315 ± 10
(325–348) (304–356) (309–328)
Phar. expansion length 148 150.0 ± 2.8 149.0 ± 5.2 138.0 ± 4.7
(147.0–155.0) (138.0–161.0) (133.0–144.0)
Body diam. at neck base 30 33.0 ± 1.9 29.0 ± 1.8 26.0 ± 0.0
mid-body anus (30.0–38.0) (27.0–31.0) (26.0)
  32 35.0 ± 1.6 29.0 ± 0.4 27.5 ± 0.3
(32.0–38.0) (28.0–30.0) (27.0–28.0)
  20 23.0 ± 2.6 19.5 ± 1.1 20.0 ± 0.6
(20.0–26.0) (18.0–21.0) (19.0–21.0)
Prerectum length 75 71 ± 11 67.0 ± 3.1 83.0 ± 2.0
(57–90) (62.0–73.0) (82.0–85.0)
Rectum length 18 19.0 ± 1.8 20.0 ± 1.2 20.5 ± 0.4
(18.0–23.0) (19.0–22.0) (20.0–21.0)
Tail length 21 20.0 ± 1.8 19.0 ± 2.0 18.5 ± 0.2
(18.0–23.0) (17.5–23.0) (18.0–19.0)

Morphometric data for six Iranian populations of Pungentus engadinensis.

Locality Urmia population Divandarreh population Bokan population Maragheh population Sufiyan population Basmenj population
Characters Female Female Female Female Female Female
n 5 6 7 7 5 6
L 0.90 ± 0.06 1.10 ± 0.01 0.99 ± 0.07 1.00 ± 0.05 0.95 ± 0.03 0.99 ± 0.03
(0.83–1.00) (0.91–1.22) (0.90–1.10) (0.90–1.10) (0.90–0.99) (0.96–1.06)
a 39.0 ± 2.4 40.5 ± 0.5 39.0 ± 2.3 35.5 ± 1.4 38.0 ± 1.9 34.8 ± 2.0
(36.5–42.0) (36.5–50.5) (34.5–41.5) (34.0–37.0) (36.0–41.0) (35.0–37.0)
b 3.7 ± 0.2 4.0 ± 0.6 3.9 ± 0.2 4.0 ± 0.2 4.0 ± 0.1 3.8 ± 0.2
(3.5–4.5) (3.8–5.0) (3.5–4.0) (4.0–4.5) (3.9–4.2) (3.5–4.2)
c 47.0 ± 4.6 60.5 ± 5.5 52.0 ± 0.5 60.5 ± 6.4 54.0 ± 3.4 58.6 ± 7.7
(42.0–52.5) (55.0–68.0) (44.5–59.0) (52.0–72.0) (50.0–59.0) (46.0–68.0)
c´ 1.1 ± 0.08 0.9 ± 0.09 1.0 ± 0.01 0.0 ± 0.06 0.94 ± 0.05 0.81 ± 0.07
(1.0–1.2) (0.7–1.1) (0.9–1.1) (0.8–0.9) (0.9–1.0) (0.7–0.9)
V 48.0 ± 2.5 45.5 ± 0.8 46.0 ± 1.4 46.0 ± 1.3 47.0 ± 1.6 44.3 ± 3.2
(44.0–52.0) (44.5–47.0) (44.0–48.0) (44.0–47.0) (45.0–49.0) (41.0–49.0)
Lip region diam. 8.3 ± 0.5 10.6 ± 0.2 10.0 ± 0.6 10.0 ± 0.5 8.6 ± 0.4 8.8 ± 0.4
(8.0–9.0) (10.0–11.0) (8.0–11.0) (9.0–11.0) (8.0–9.0) (8.0–9.0)
Odontostyle length 15.0 ± 0.5 18.0 ± 0.5 15.3 ± 0.1 17.5 ± 0.2 16.0 ± 0.0 15.9 ± 0.9
(14.5–16.0) (17.5–18.5) (14.0–17.0) (16.0–18.0) (16.0) (15–17.5)
Odontophore length 19.5 ± 0.6 15.6 ± 2.1 16.6 ± 1.8 20.8 ± 1.3 14.2 ± 0.6 19.6 ± 0.9
(19.0–20.5) (13.0–18.5) (14.1–19.3) (19.0–22.0) (13.0–15.0) (17.0–21.0)
Guiding ring from ant. end 10.3 ± 0.5 11.2 ± 0.4 10.6 ± 0.8 10.3 ± 0.4 10.2 ± 0.4 11.3 ± 0.4
(10.0–11.4) (11.0–12.0) (9.0–12.0) (10.0–11.0) (9.0–11.0) (9.6–12.0)
Neck length 238 ± 13 265 ± 14 259 ± 21 302 ± 13 236 ± 11 254 ± 10
(223–255) (233–295) (228–293) (228–329) (219–248) (243–266)
Phar. expansion length 91.2 ± 8.3 104.2 ± 3.1 89.6 ± 9.7 108.2 ± 4.4 96.0 ± 9.1 101.0 ± 5.2
(84.0–105.0) (102.0–108.0) (81.0–106.0) (101.0–116.0) (85.0–108.0) (95.0–109.0)
Body diam. at neck base 26.2 ± 0.4 29.6 ± 2.7 22.2 ± 1.5 26.0 ± 0.7 23.0 ± 0.7 26.0 ± 0.9
(25.0–27.0) (25.0–34.0) (21.0–24.1) (25.0–27.0) (22.0–24.0) (25.0–27.0)
 mid-body 27.4 ± 0.3 32.2 ± 2.0 23.3 ± 0.8 28.3 ± 0.4 24.8 ± 0.1 28.2 ± 1.3
(27.0–28.2) (28.0–37.0) (22.0–25.0) (27.0–29.1) (24.0–25.0) (27.0–30.0)
 anus 18.3 ± 0.5 22.3 ± 2.3 18.1 ± 0.6 20.0 ± 0.7 18.0 ± 0.7 20.0 ± 1.7
(17.0–19.0) (20.0–25.0) (17.0–19.0) (19.0–21.0) (17.0–19.0) (19.0–22.0)
Prerectum length 72.6 ± 13.2 85.1 ± 12.4 55.2 ± 7.7 82.2 ± 2.2 40.0 ± 6.8 64.3 ± 5.1
(52.0–94.0) (72.0–101.0) (50.3–64.0) (77.0–88.0) (30.2–50.0) (59.0–69.0)
Rectum length 17.6 ± 0.2 20.3 ± 1.5 14.3 ± 0.5 18.1 ± 1.2 16.0 ± 2.4 22.0 ± 2.2
(16.0–18.0) (18.0–22.0) (13.0–16.0) (16.0–20.0) (14.0–20.0) (19.0–25.0)
Tail length 18.5 ± 0.8 17.5 ± 0.9 19.0 ± 0.7 16.7 ± 1.2 18.0 ± 0.8 17.1 ± 2.4
(17.5–22.5) (16.5–21.0) (18.0–20.0) (14.0–18.0) (17.0–19.0) (15.0–21.0)
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