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Secondary Metabolites Produced by Heterorhabditis Symbionts and Their Application in Agriculture: What We Know and What to Do Next

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Presently identified Photorhabdus secondary metabolites (SM) and their biological activity.

  SM Activity Target organism Reference
Anthraquinone and its derivatives 1,3,8-trihydroxy-9, 10-anthraquinone Insecticidal Culex pipiens Brachmann et al. (2007), Ahn et al. (2013)
  1,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-9, 10-anthraquinonea3,8-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-9, 10-anthraquinone Weak antibiotic activity   Li et al. (1995), Hu et al. (1998), Richardson et al. (1988), Challinor and Bode (2015)
  3-methoxychrysazine Insecticidal C. pipiens Ahn et al. (2003)
Benzaldehydea   Antimycotic Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, and Corynespora cassiicola Ullah et al. (2015)
    Insecticidal Galleria mellonella  
Carbapenem 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid Antibiotic Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae Derzelle et al. (2002)
GameXpeptides   Cytoxic Eukaryotic cells Bode et al. (2012)
Glidobactin/Cepafungin I     None Theodore et al. (2012), Dudnik et al. (2013), and Stein et al. (2012)
Indigoidine   Unknown None Brachmann et al. (2012)
Indolea   Nematicidal Caenorhabditis elegans, Hu et al. (1996, Meloidogyne incognita, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus1998)
Kollisin A   Unknown None Bode et al. (2015)
Lumizinone A   Cytotoxic Human plasma Park and Crawford (2015)
Phurealipids   Unknown None Nollmann et al. (2015)
Probactin   Antibiotic None Ciche et al. (2003)
Pyrone   Antimycotic, Cytotoxic None Brachmann et al. (2013)
Rhabduscin   Insecticidal potential None Crawford et al. (2012)
Stilbene and its derivatives 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropyl stilbene (syn. 2-isopropyl-5-[(E)-2-phenylethenyl] benzene-1,3-diol)a Nematicidal C. elegans, B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus, and Aphelenchoides rhytium Hu et al. (1996), Paul et al. (1981), Chen (1996), Shi et al. (2012)
    Antibacterial Bacillus subtilis  
    Antimycotic Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Botrytis cinerea, Candida tropicales, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pythium aphanidermatum, R. solani, Exserohilum turcicum, and Fusarium oxysporum  
  Insecticidal potential      
  3-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-5-phenethyl phenyl carbamatea Antimycotic P. aphanidermatum, R. solani, E. turcicum, and F. oxysporum Shi et al. (2012)
  2-isopropyl-5-(3-phenyl-2-oxiranyl) -benzene-1,3-diol (syn. 2-Isopropyl-5-(3-phenyl-2-oxiranyl) -1,3-benzenediol) Antibacterial B. subtilis, E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus Hu et al. (2006)
Trans-cinnamic acid   Antimycotic Fusicladium effusum Bock et al. (2014)
eISSN:
2640-396X
Langue:
Anglais
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Volume Open
Sujets de la revue:
Life Sciences, other