The Discriminant Analysis Approach for Evaluating Effectiveness of Learning in an Instructor-Led Virtual Classroom
Article Category: Research-Article
Publié en ligne: 30 déc. 2020
Pages: 1 - 15
Reçu: 04 janv. 2018
© 2020 D. Magdalene Delighta Angeline et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Wilks’ Lambda test (Rao’s approximation).
Lambda |
0.000 |
F (observed value) |
7.018 |
F (critical value) |
2.551 |
DF1 |
384 |
DF2 |
10 |
P value |
0.001 |
alpha |
0.05 |
Sum of weights and prior probabilities for each class.
Class |
Sum of weights |
Prior probabilities |
Average |
68.000 |
0.342 |
Good |
62.000 |
0.312 |
Poor |
69.000 |
0.347 |
Pillai’s trace.
Trace |
1.992 |
F (observed value) |
7.610 |
F (critical value) |
2.310 |
DF1 |
384 |
DF2 |
12 |
P value |
0.000 |
alpha |
0.05 |
Classification matrix.
Classification matrix |
Average |
Good |
Poor |
Correct |
Average |
5 |
0 |
0 |
100 |
Good |
3 |
8 |
0 |
72.7272727 |
Poor |
1 |
0 |
4 |
80 |
P values for Fisher distances.
Class |
Average |
Good |
Poor |
Average |
1 |
0.021 |
0.028 |
Good |
0.021 |
1 |
0.006 |
Poor |
0.028 |
0.006 |
1 |
Hotelling–Lawley trace.
Trace |
596.480 |
F (observed value) |
7.256 |
F (critical value) |
3.923 |
DF1 |
384 |
DF2 |
6 |
P value |
0.011 |
alpha |
0.05 |
Confusion matrix for the validation sample.
From/to |
AVERAGE |
GOOD |
POOR |
Total |
% correct |
AVERAGE |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.00 |
GOOD |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.00 |
POOR |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
100.00 |
Total |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
100.00 |
Summary classification.
Correct |
81.0% |
Base |
52.4% |
Improvement |
60.0% |
Summary statistics.
Variable |
Categories |
Frequencies |
% |
Predicted performance |
Average |
68 |
34.171 |
|
Good |
62 |
31.156 |
|
Poor |
69 |
34.673 |
Canonical correlations.
Generalized squared distances.
Class |
Average |
Good |
Poor |
Average |
2.147594 |
1,529.279 |
1,259.779 |
Good |
1,529.094 |
2.332341 |
2,556.248 |
Poor |
1,259.809 |
2,556.462 |
2.118397 |
Roy’s greatest root.
Root |
426.213 |
F (observed value) |
13.319 |
F (critical value) |
3.691 |
DF1 |
192 |
DF2 |
6 |
P value |
0.002 |
alpha |
0.05 |
Bartlett’s test for eigenvalue significance.
|
F1 |
F2 |
Eigenvalue |
426.213 |
170.267 |
Bartlett’s statistic |
1125.651 |
516.894 |
P value |
0.000 |
0.000 |
Confusion matrix for the cross-validation results.
From\to |
AVERAGE |
GOOD |
POOR |
Total |
% correct |
AVERAGE |
23 |
26 |
19 |
68 |
33.82 |
GOOD |
16 |
36 |
10 |
62 |
58.06 |
POOR |
5 |
8 |
56 |
69 |
81.16 |
Total |
44 |
70 |
85 |
199 |
57.79 |
Discriminant analysis for performance.
Sample summary |
Sample size |
Internal 1 mean |
Internal 2 mean |
Attendance mean |
Average |
5 |
54 |
51.2 |
89 |
Good |
11 |
78 |
77 |
90.54545455 |
Poor |
5 |
19.4 |
25.2 |
73.8 |
Matrix of variance and covariance.
Matrix of vars and covars |
PA 1 |
PA 2 |
Attendance |
Average
|
PA 1 |
126.5 |
243.5 |
96.5 |
PA 2 |
243.5 |
472.7 |
178 |
Attendance |
96.5 |
178 |
100.5 |
Good
|
PA 1 |
258 |
163.6 |
10.4 |
PA 2 |
163.6 |
152.2 |
7 |
Attendance |
10.4 |
7 |
22.27273 |
Poor
|
PA 1 |
237.8 |
190.4 |
126.85 |
PA 2 |
190.4 |
268.7 |
107.8 |
Attendance |
126.85 |
107.8 |
92.2 |
Pooled
|
PA 1 |
224.289 |
187.31 |
55.41111 |
PA 2 |
187.311 |
249.31 |
67.4 |
Attendance |
55.4111 |
67.4 |
55.19596 |
Fisher distances.
Class |
Average |
Good |
Poor |
Average |
0 |
6.580 |
5.723 |
Good |
6.580 |
0 |
11.082 |
Poor |
5.723 |
11.082 |
0 |
Functions at the centroids.
|
F1 |
F2 |
AVERAGE |
−1.441 |
17.951 |
GOOD |
27.354 |
−8.465 |
POOR |
−23.159 |
−10.085 |
Mahalanobis distances.
Class |
Average |
Good |
Poor |
Average |
0 |
1,526.947 |
1,257.661 |
Good |
1,526.947 |
0 |
2,554.130 |
Poor |
1,257.661 |
2,554.130 |
0 |
Summary statistics (validation).
Variable |
Categories |
Frequencies |
% |
Predicted performance |
Average |
0 |
0.000 |
|
Good |
0 |
0.000 |
|
Poor |
1 |
100.000 |
Eigenvalue.
|
F1 |
F2 |
Eigenvalue |
426.213 |
170.267 |
Discrimination (%) |
71.455 |
28.545 |
Cumulative % |
71.455 |
100.000 |
Confusion matrix for the training sample.
From/to |
AVERAGE |
GOOD |
POOR |
Total |
% correct |
AVERAGE |
68 |
0 |
0 |
68 |
100.00 |
GOOD |
0 |
62 |
0 |
62 |
100.00 |
POOR |
0 |
0 |
69 |
69 |
100.00 |
Total |
68 |
62 |
69 |
199 |
100.00 |