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Selecting Attractor Sounds for Audio-Based Navigation by People with Vision Impairments

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Figure 1.

Schematic of the loudspeaker array relative to the participant listening position within the reverberation chamber.
Schematic of the loudspeaker array relative to the participant listening position within the reverberation chamber.

Table 1.

Description of sounds tested.
Description of sounds tested.

Figure 2.

Diagram of the area used for Experiment 1: Indoor Navigability. Primary test areas were the hallways, the corridor, and room ‘A’ (not to scale).
Diagram of the area used for Experiment 1: Indoor Navigability. Primary test areas were the hallways, the corridor, and room ‘A’ (not to scale).

Figure 3.

Experimental space diagram. Showing beacon location (identified as PING #) and listing the 12 paths corresponding to the 12 sounds being tested. All paths begin at the point labelled START and end at the last beacon.
Experimental space diagram. Showing beacon location (identified as PING #) and listing the 12 paths corresponding to the 12 sounds being tested. All paths begin at the point labelled START and end at the last beacon.

Figure 4.

CAD drawing of an example path (sound 7). Showing ideal (parallel lines) and actual (shaded region) routes.
CAD drawing of an example path (sound 7). Showing ideal (parallel lines) and actual (shaded region) routes.

Table 2.

Ranking of sounds in Experiment 1.
Ranking of sounds in Experiment 1.

Table 3.

Subjective ranking of sounds in Experiment 1.
Subjective ranking of sounds in Experiment 1.

Figure 5.

Overhead diagram of the experimental setup for Experiment 2: Indoor localisation and sound level test.
Overhead diagram of the experimental setup for Experiment 2: Indoor localisation and sound level test.

Table 4.

Ranking of sounds in Experiment 2.
Ranking of sounds in Experiment 2.

Table 5.

Ranking of sounds in Experiment 3.
Ranking of sounds in Experiment 3.

Table 6.

Top six ranking sounds per experiment.
Top six ranking sounds per experiment.

Table 7.

Recommendations for addition to the PING! catalog.
Recommendations for addition to the PING! catalog.
eISSN:
2652-3647
Langue:
Anglais
Périodicité:
Volume Open
Sujets de la revue:
Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine