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An assessment of the relationship between urethral hypermobility as measured by ultrasound and the symptoms of stress urinary incontinence in primiparous women 9–18 months postpartum

Paulina Maria Pająk
Paulina Maria Pająk
, 
Edyta Wlaźlak
Edyta Wlaźlak
, 
Grzegorz Surkont
Grzegorz Surkont
 et 
Jarosław Kalinka
Jarosław Kalinka
   | 14 mars 2024
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Article Category: Research paper
Publié en ligne: 14 mars 2024
Pages: -
Reçu: 25 févr. 2023
Accepté: 25 juil. 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15557/jou.2024.0010
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© 2024 Paulina Maria Pająk et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

A diagram showing ultrasound parameters of the internal urethral opening at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver. A. Location of CI and CII points within the internal urethral opening. B. Location of points CI and CII on the OY and OX axes. C. Location of points CI and CII (at rest), as well as Ci p and CII p (during the Valsalva maneuver) on the OY and OX axes. D. Calculation of bladder neck descent parameters: BND and vector; S – pubic symphysis; B – urinary bladder; U – urethra; CI and CII – points referring to the internal urethral opening at rest; CI x and CII x – projection of CI and CII points on the OX axis; CI y and CII y – projection of CI and CII points on the OY axis; B p – urinary bladder at maximum pressure; Ci p and CII p – points locating the internal urethral opening during the Valsalva maneuver; CI px and CII px – projection of the points CI p and CII p on the OX axis; CIpy and CII p – projection of CIp and CIIp points on the OY axis; ∆HI – BND for the CI point during the Valsalva maneuver; Vector I – vector for the CI point during the Valsalva maneuver
A diagram showing ultrasound parameters of the internal urethral opening at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver. A. Location of CI and CII points within the internal urethral opening. B. Location of points CI and CII on the OY and OX axes. C. Location of points CI and CII (at rest), as well as Ci p and CII p (during the Valsalva maneuver) on the OY and OX axes. D. Calculation of bladder neck descent parameters: BND and vector; S – pubic symphysis; B – urinary bladder; U – urethra; CI and CII – points referring to the internal urethral opening at rest; CI x and CII x – projection of CI and CII points on the OX axis; CI y and CII y – projection of CI and CII points on the OY axis; B p – urinary bladder at maximum pressure; Ci p and CII p – points locating the internal urethral opening during the Valsalva maneuver; CI px and CII px – projection of the points CI p and CII p on the OX axis; CIpy and CII p – projection of CIp and CIIp points on the OY axis; ∆HI – BND for the CI point during the Valsalva maneuver; Vector I – vector for the CI point during the Valsalva maneuver

Voiding symptoms (UDI-6)

Do you NO YES
1. Urinate frequently? 0 1234
2. Usually experience urine leakage related to urgency? 0 1234
3. Usually experience urine leakage related to coughing, sneezing, laughing? 0 1234
4. Usually experience minor urine leakage (small amounts, drops)? 0 1234
5. Usually experience difficulty emptying your bladder? 0 1234
6. Usually experience pain or discomfort in your lower abdominal, pelvic, or genital area? 0 1234

Demographics for groups: I – study group, II – control group, III – total sample

Variable Group I Group II Group III p-value
Age – median (IQR) 30 (27–31) 30 (29–33) 30 (28–32) 0.1972
Race Caucasian Caucasian Caucasian
Body weight during the examination – median (kg) (IQR) 65 (54–74) 60 (56–70) 62 (51–70) 0.713
Height (cm) – median (IQR) 169 (163–172) 166 (164–172) 167 (164–172) 0.4694
Body weight at delivery (kg) – median (IQR) 83 (67–90) 74 (70–85) 75 (70–86) 0.3171
BMI at delivery – median (IQR) 25.62 (24.22–32.25) 27.34 (24.68–29.14) 27.31 (24.68–29.18) 0.802
Type of work, N(%)
Manual 3 (16%) 0 (0%) 5 (5%)
Intellectual 15 (79%) 79 (98%) 94 (94%)
Housewife 1 (5%) 0 (0%) 1 (1%)
Education, n(%)
Primary 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Secondary 4 (21%) 7 (9%) 11 (11%)
Higher 15 (79%) 74 (91%) 89 (89%)
Pre-delivery SUI 0% 0% 0%
Child’s birthweight – median (g) (IQR) 3500 (3,210–3,895) 3,420 (3,200–3,720) 3,430 (3,200–3,735) 0.3722
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Langue:
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Sujets de la revue:
Medicine, Basic Medical Science, other
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