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Fig. 1.
Diagram showing the anatomical relationships in a patient with NCS. Ao – abdominal aorta
Fig. 2.
CT of double NCS. A. In this image, the retroaortic renal vein (arrow) appears compressed between the aorta and spine. ICV: Inferior cava vein. B. This image shows the anteroaortic renal vein (short arrow) which appears compressed in the space between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (long arrow). C. This coronal view shows gonadal vein dilatation (arrow). d: This axial view shows varicosities of the gonadal plexus (arrows)
Fig. 3.
Grayscale US of the abdominal aorta. Measurement of aortomesenteric distance and aortomesenteric angle. A. Transverse scan of the abdominal aorta shows a narrowing of the aortomesenteric space (D1) measuring 4.2 mm. Superior mesenteric artery (arrow head). Left anteroaortic renal vein (short arrow). Left retroaortic renal vein (long arrow). Abdominal aorta (Ao). Inferior cava vein (ICV). B. Longitudinal scan of the abdominal aorta shows a narrowing of the aortomesenteric angle (18°) and aortomesenteric distance (D1) measuring 4.2 mm. C. Pelvic ultrasound scans show gonadal plexus varicosities (arrows). D. Color Doppler US shows prestenotic tract of the retroaortic renal vein (short arrow) and poststenotic tract of the anteroaortic renal vein (long arrow). Ao: Abdominal aorta. E. Duplex Doppler US measure of the prestenotic flow of retroaortic renal vein. F. Duplex Doppler US measure of the poststenotic flow of retroaortic renal vein