Summary of meta-analyses of studies considering lesion size cut-off thresholds for the assessment of eligibility for FNAB and sonoelastography and inter- and intra-observer agreement in estimating the malignant potential of focal lesions of the thyroid gland

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Range of kappa values	Interpretation of the degree of agreement
<0,00	poor
0.00–0.20	slight
0.21–0.40	fair
0.41–0.60	moderate
0.61–0.80	substantial
0.81–1.00	almost perfect

	Basha 2019	Dobruch- Sobczak 2019	Itani 2019	Lam 2019	Pang 2019	Persichetti 2020	Phuthharak 2019	Seifert 2020	Wildman-Tobriner 2020
Number of nodules assessed	380	20	180	463	189	100	108	(40 80 + 40)	100
Number of researchers	3	5	4	3	2	7	2	4	15
Statistics	Fleiss’ κ	Cohen’s κ	Cohen’s κ	Randolph’s κ	Cohen’s κ	Cohen’s κ	Cohen’s κ	Fleiss’ κ	Fleiss’ κ
Feature on ultrasound examination:
structure	0.636	0.55	0.43	0.66	0.10–0.64³	0.53	0.616	S1: 0.476 S2: 0.674	0.39
echogenicity	0.750	0.48–0.50¹	0.252	0.35	0.24–0.53⁴	0.47	0.327	S1: 0.440 S2: 0.622	0.39
shape	0.868	–	0.30	–	0.28	0.47	–	S1: 0.537 S2: 0.676	0.38
margins	0.524	0.39	0.23	0.50	0.07–0.14⁵	0.33	0.143	S1: 0.431 S2: 0.796	0.18
halo	–²	0.41	–	–	0.50	–	–	–	–
hyperechogenic foci	0.598	–	–	0.77	–	–	0.288	–	–
microcalcifications	0.957	0.57	0.27	–	0.39	0.47	–	–	0.28
macrocalcifications	0.974	0.61	0.49	–	–	0.38	–	–	0.41
peripheral calcifications	0.604	–	0.39	–	0.33	0.65	–	–	0.26
total calcifications	–	–	0.38	–	–	–	–	S1: 0.405 S2: 0.424	–
comet tail	0.885	–	0.06	–	–	0.11	–	–	0.08
vascularisation	0.211	0.34	–	–	–	0.46	–	–	–
extra-thyroidal infiltration	1.000	0.40	–	0.82	0.24	–	–	–	–