[Aitken, K. E. H. & Martin, K. 2004. Nest cavity availability and selection in aspen-conifer groves in a grassland landscape. - Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 2099-2109. DOI: 10.1139/x04-08610.1139/x04-086]Search in Google Scholar
[Aitken, K. E. H. & Martin, K. 2007. The importance of excavators in hole-nesting communities: Availability and use of natural tree holes in old mixed forests of western Canada. - Journal of Ornithology 148 (Suppl.2.): S425-S434. DOI: 10.1007/ s10336-007-0166-910.1007/s10336-007-0166-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Aitken, K. E. H. & Martin, K. 2008. Resource selection plasticity and community responses to experimental reduction of a critical resource. - Ecology 89: 971-980. DOI: 10.1890/07-0711.110.1890/07-0711.118481522]Search in Google Scholar
[Ali, S. & Ripley, S. D. 1983. Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. - Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom]Search in Google Scholar
[Allard, H. A. 1940. The Starling’s family life and behaviors. - Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 30: 34-46.]Search in Google Scholar
[Angelstam, P., Andersson, K., Axelsson, R., Elbakidze, M., Jonsson, B. G. & Roberge, J-M. 2011. Protecting forest areas for biodiversity in Sweden 1991-2010: the policy implementation process and outcomes on the ground. - Silva Fennica 45: 1111-1133.10.14214/sf.90]Search in Google Scholar
[Angelstam, P., Boresjön-Bronge, L., Mikusiński, G., Sporrong, U. & Wästfelt, A. 2003. Assessing village authenticity with satellite images: A method to identify intact cultural landscapes in Europe. - Ambio 32(8): 594-604. DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-32.8.59410.1579/0044-7447-32.8.59415049358]Search in Google Scholar
[Aulen, G. 1986. Vitryggiga hackspettens Dendrocopos leucotos utbredningshistoriaoch förekomst i Sverige. - Vår Fågelvärld 45: 201-226. (in Swedish)]Search in Google Scholar
[Bai, M-L. 2005. Tree cavity abundance and nest site selection of cavity nesting birds in a natural boreal forest of West Khentey, Mongolia. - PhD Dissertation, Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany]Search in Google Scholar
[Bai, M-L., Wichman, F. & Muhlenberg, M. 2005. Nest-site characteristics of hole-nesting birds in a primeval boreal forest of Mongolia. - Acta Ornithologica 40: 1-14. DOI: 10.3161/068.040.010510.3161/068.040.0105]Search in Google Scholar
[Bailey, H. H. 1925. The birds of Florida. - The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, Maryland]Search in Google Scholar
[Baker, J. L. & Payne, R. L. 1993. Nest usurpation of a Starling nest by a pair of Red-bellied Woodpeckers. - Florida Field Naturalist 21: 33-34.]Search in Google Scholar
[Banks, R. C., Cicero, C., Dunn, J. L., Kratter, A. W., Rasmussen, P. C., Remsen, J. V. Jr., Rising, J. D. & Stotz, D. F. 2005. Forty-sixth supplement to the American Ornithologistsʼ Union Checklist of North American Birds. - The Auk 122: 1026-1031. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[1026:FSTTAO] 2.0.CO;2]Search in Google Scholar
[Bent, A. C. 1939. Life histories of North American woodpeckers. - U. S. National Museum Bulletin 174.10.5479/si.03629236.174.i]Search in Google Scholar
[Berthold, P. 1968. Die Massenvermehrung des Stars Sturnus vulgaris in fortpflanzungsphysiologischer Sicht. - Journal für Ornithologie 109: 11-16. DOI: 10.1007/BF01678098 (in German)10.1007/BF01678098]Search in Google Scholar
[BirdLife International 2016a Species factsheet: Colaptes fernandinae. - Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 22 Feb. 2016.]Search in Google Scholar
[BirdLife International 2016b Species factsheet: Dendrocopos noguchii. - Downloaded from http://www/birdlife.org on 8 March 2016.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bishop, C. A. & Brogan, J. M. 2013. Estimates of avian mortality attributed to vehicle collisions in Canada. - Avian Conservation and Ecology 8(2): 2 DOI: 10.5751/ACE-00604-08020210.5751/ACE-00604-080202]Search in Google Scholar
[Blem, C. R. 1981. Geographic variation in mid-winter body composition of starlings. - The Condor 83: 370-376. DOI: 10.2307/136750810.2307/1367508]Search in Google Scholar
[Bock, C. E. 1970. The ecology and behavior of the Lewis’ Woodpecker, Asyndesmus lewis. - University of California Publications in Zoology 92: 1-100.]Search in Google Scholar
[Breitwisch, R. J. 1977. The ecology and behavior of the Red-bellied Woodpecker, Centurus carolinus (Linnaeus; Aves: Picidae), in south Florida. - M.S. Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida]Search in Google Scholar
[Brenowitz, G. L. 1978. Gila Woodpecker agonistic behavior. - The Auk 95: 49-58. DOI: 10.2307/408549410.2307/4085494]Search in Google Scholar
[Brewster, W. 1876. The Yellow-bellied Woodpecker (Sphyrapicus varius). - Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 1: 63-70.]Search in Google Scholar
[Brooks, A. & Swarth, H. S. 1925. A distributional list of the birds of British Columbia. - Pacific Coast Avifauna, no. 17.]Search in Google Scholar
[Brush, T. 1983. Cavity use by secondary cavity-nesting birds and response to manipulations. - The Condor 85: 461-466. DOI: 10.2307/136798710.2307/1367987]Search in Google Scholar
[Bruun, M. & Smith, H. G. 2003. Landscape composition affects habitat use and foraging flight distances in breeding European Starlings. - Biological Conservation 114: 179-187. DOI: 10.1016/ S0006-3207(03)00021-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Burns, F. L. 1900. A monograph of the flicker. - Wilson Bulletin 12: 1-82.]Search in Google Scholar
[Bull, E. L. 1987. Ecology of the Pileated Woodpecker in northeastern Oregon. - Journal of Wildlife Management 51: 472-481. DOI: 10.2307/380103610.2307/3801036]Search in Google Scholar
[Bull, E. L. & Jackson, J. A. 1995. Pileated Woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 148. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/tbna.148.p]Search in Google Scholar
[Butler, A. W. 1897. Birds of Indiana. - In: 22nd Annual Report of the Department of Geology and Natural Resources for Indiana for 1897, pp. 515-1187.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cabe, P. R. 1993. European Starling Sturnus vulgaris. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) Birds of North America, no. 48. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/bna.48]Search in Google Scholar
[Calef, R. T. 1953. Ecological analysis of the flora and vertebrate fauna of Funks Forest Natural Area, McLean Co. Illinois. - M.S. Thesis, University of Illinois, Champaign]Search in Google Scholar
[Campbell, R. W., Dawe, N. K., McTaggart-Cowan, I., Cooper, J. M., Kaiser, G. W. & McNall, M. C. E. 1990. The birds of British Columbia. Vol. 2. - Diurnal birds of prey through woodpeckers. - Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria]Search in Google Scholar
[Carlson, A., Sandström, U. & Olsson, K. 1998. Availability and use of natural tree holes by cavity nesting birds in a Swedish deciduous forest. - Ardea 86(1): 109-119.]Search in Google Scholar
[Carriger, H. W. & Wells, G. 1919. Nesting of the Northern Pileated Woodpecker. - The Condor 21: 153-156. DOI: 10.2307/136263010.2307/1362630]Search in Google Scholar
[Carter, J. H. III. & Kocher, B. J. 1995. The Red-cockaded Woodpecker: an endangered species in Golf country. U.S.G.A. - Green Section Record 33(4): 8-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[Carter, J. H. III., Walters, J. R., Everhart, S. H. & Doerr, P. D. 1989. Restrictors for Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities. - Wildlife Society Bulletin 17: 68-72.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cely, J. E. 1985. Red-cockaded Woodpecker found dead in cavity entrance. - Chat 49(4): 98.]Search in Google Scholar
[Choi, C-Y., Park, J-G., Moores, N., Kim, E-M., Kang, C-W., Nam, H-Y. & Kim, S-M. 2011. The recent increase of the Red-billed Starling Sturnus sericeus in the Republic of Korea. - Forktail 27: 89-91.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ciach, M. & Fröhlich, A. 2013. Habitat preferences of the Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus in urban environments: an ambiguous effect of pollution. - Bird Study 60: 491-499. DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2013.84789910.1080/00063657.2013.847899]Search in Google Scholar
[Coleman, J. D. 1974. The use of artificial nest sites erected for Starlings in Canterbury, New Zealand. - New Zealand Journal of Zoology 1: 349-354.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cooke, M. T. 1925. Spread of the European Starling in North America. - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Department Circular 336.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cooper, J. M., Siddle, C. & Davidson, G. 1998. Status of the Lewis’ Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) in British Columbia. - BC Environment, Wildlife Working Report no. WR-91.]Search in Google Scholar
[Cruz, A. 1977. Ecology and behavior of the Jamaican Woodpecker. - Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences 22: 149-204.]Search in Google Scholar
[Czeszczewik, D. & Walankiewicz, W. 2006. Logging affects the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos distribution in the Bialowieza Forest. - Annales Zoologici Fennici 43: 221-227.]Search in Google Scholar
[Day, J. D. 2012. The Purple Martin and its management in Texas. 4th ed. - Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, Texas]Search in Google Scholar
[Dennis, J. B. 1971. Species using Red-cockaded Woodpecker holes in northeastern South Carolina. - Bird Banding 42: 79-87. DOI: 10.2307/451173510.2307/4511735]Search in Google Scholar
[Dixon, R. D. & Saab, V. A. 2000. Black-backed Woodpecker Picoides arcticus. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 509. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/bna.509]Search in Google Scholar
[Dobbs, R. C., Martin, T. E. & Conway, C. J. 1997. Williamson’s Sapsucker Sphyrapicus thyroideus. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 285. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/tbna.285.p]Search in Google Scholar
[Dobkin, D. S., Rich, A. C., Pretare, J. A. & Pyle, W. H. 1995. Nest-site relationships among cavity-nesting birds of riparian and snowpocket aspen woodlands in the northwestern Great Basin. - The Condor 97: 694-707. DOI: 10.2307/136917810.2307/1369178]Search in Google Scholar
[Dunning, J. B. Jr. 1993. CRC handbook of avian body masses. - CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida]Search in Google Scholar
[Dunning, J. B. Jr. 2008. CRC handbook of avian body masses. 2nd ed. - CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton, Florida10.1201/9781420064452]Search in Google Scholar
[Eckstein, R. G. 1983. Nesting Black-backed Threetoed Woodpeckers in Forest County. - Passenger Pigeon 45: 16-17.]Search in Google Scholar
[Eguchi, K. & Amano, H. E. 2004. Invasive birds in Japan. - Global Environmental Research 8: 29-39.]Search in Google Scholar
[Erskine, A. J. & McLaren, W. D. 1972. Sapsucker nest holes and their use by other species. - Canadian Field Naturalist 86: 357-361.]Search in Google Scholar
[Feare, C. 1984. The Starling. - Oxford University Press, New York Feare, C. 1989. The changing fortunes of an agricultural bird pest: the European Starling. - Agricultural Zoology Reviews 3: 317-342.]Search in Google Scholar
[Feare, C. J. & Craig, A. 1999. Starlings and mynas. - Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey]Search in Google Scholar
[Feare, C. & Douville de Franssu, P. 1992. The Starling in Europe: Multiple approaches to a problem species. - Proceedings of the 15th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Paper 28.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ferguson, M. S. 1938. Notes on the relation of the European Starling to other species of birds. - The Auk 53: 87-88.10.2307/4077378]Search in Google Scholar
[Fisher, R. J. & Wiebe, K. L. 2006. Nest site attributes and temporal patterns of Northern Flicker nest loss: effects of predation and competition. - Oecologia 147: 744-753. DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0310-210.1007/s00442-005-0310-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Flux, I. E. C. & Flux, M. M. 1981. Population dynamics and age structure of Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in New Zealand. - New Zealand Journal of Zoology 4: 65-72.]Search in Google Scholar
[Forbush, E. H. 1915. The Starling. - Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, Circular, no. 45.]Search in Google Scholar
[Freeman, S. N., Robinson, R. A., Clark, J. A., Griffin, B. M. & Adams, S. Y. 2007. Changing demography and population decline in the Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris: a multisite approach to integrated population monitoring. - Ibis 149: 587-596. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00684.x10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00684.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Frei, B., Fyles, J. W. & Nocera, J. J. 2013. Maladaptive habitat use of a North American woodpecker in population decline. - Ethology 119: 377-388. DOI: 10.1111/eth.1207410.1111/eth.12074]Search in Google Scholar
[Frugis, S., Malaguzzi, G. & Vicini, G.1988. Guida ai picchi del mondo. Monografie VII. - Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy (in Italian)]Search in Google Scholar
[Garrett, K. L., Raphael, M. G. & Dixon, R. 1996. White-headed Woodpecker Picoides albolarvatus. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) Birds of North America, no. 252. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/tbna.252.p]Search in Google Scholar
[Garrido, O. H., & Kirkconnell, A. 2000. Birds of Cuba. - Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York]Search in Google Scholar
[George, W. 1979. Protect our elm trees society. - American Forests 85(1): 27-29, 51-52.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gibo, D. L., Stephens, R., Culpepper, A. & Dew, H. 1976. Nest-site preferences and nesting success of the Starling Sturnus vulgaris L. in marginal and favorable habitats in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. - American Midland Naturalist 95(2): 493-499. DOI: 10.2307/242441910.2307/2424419]Search in Google Scholar
[Giese, C. L. A. & Cuthbert, F. J. 2003. Influence of surrounding vegetation on woodpecker nest tree selection in oak forests of the upper Midwest, U.S.A. - Forest Ecology and Management 179: 523-534. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00529-710.1016/S0378-1127(02)00529-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Glue, D. E. & Boswell, T. 1994. Comparative nesting ecology of the three British breeding woodpeckers. - British Birds 87: 253-269.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gosse, P. H. 1847. The birds of Jamaica. - Jon Van Voorst, London10.5962/bhl.title.14540]Search in Google Scholar
[Graber, J. W., Graber, R. R. & Kirk, E. L. 1977. Illinois birds: Picidae. - Illinois Natural History Survey, Biological Notes, no. 102. Urbana, Illinois]Search in Google Scholar
[Graves, G. R. 2014. Historical decline and probable extinction of the Golden Swallow Tachycineta euchrysea euchrysea. - Bird Conservation International 24: 239-251. DOI: 10.1017/ S095927091300035X10.1017/S095927091300035X]Search in Google Scholar
[Gromadzki, M. 1980. Reproduction of the Starling Sturnus vulgaris in Żulawy Wiślane, North Poland. - Acta Ornithologica 17(16): 195-224.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gutzwiller, K. J. & Anderson, S. H. 1987. Multiscale associations between cavity-nesting birds and features of Wyoming streamside woodlands. - The Condor 89: 534-548.10.2307/1368643]Search in Google Scholar
[Hadow, H. H. 1973. Winter ecology of migrant and resident Lewis’s Woodpeckers in Southeastern Colorado. - The Condor 75: 210-274. DOI: 10.2307/136586910.2307/1365869]Search in Google Scholar
[Haynes, A. M., Sutton, R. L. & Harvey, K. D. 1989. Conservation trends, and the threats to endemic birds in Jamaica. - In: Woods, C. A. (ed.) Biogeography of the West Indies. - Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 827-838.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hicks, L. E. 1934. Individual and sexual variations in the European Starling. - Bird-Banding 5: 103-118.10.2307/4509308]Search in Google Scholar
[Holzapfel, C., Levin, N., Hatzofe, O. & Kark, S. 2006. Colonization of the Middle East by the invasive Common Myna Acridotheres tristis L., with special reference to Israel. - Sandgrouse 28: 44-51.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hoover, E. 1972. Weight variation of Downy Woodpeckers. - Inland Bird Banding News 45: 149-150.]Search in Google Scholar
[Howell, A. B. 1943. Starlings and woodpeckers. - The Auk 60: 90-91.10.2307/4079319]Search in Google Scholar
[Hoyt, J. S. Y. 1948. Observations on nesting associates. - The Auk 65: 188-196. DOI: 10.2307/408029710.2307/4080297]Search in Google Scholar
[Hoyt, S. F. 1957. The ecology of the Pileated Woodpecker. - Ecology 38: 246-256. DOI: 10.2307/193168310.2307/1931683]Search in Google Scholar
[Humphrey, P. S. 1946. Observations at the nest of a Pileated Woodpecker. - Migrant 17: 43-46.]Search in Google Scholar
[Husak, M. S. & Maxwell, T. C. 1998. Golden-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes aurifrons. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 373. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/bna.373]Search in Google Scholar
[Ifran, N. R. & Fiorini, V. D. 2010. European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris): Population density and interactions with native species in Buenos Aires urban parks. - Ornitologia Neotropical 21: 507-518.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ingold, D. J. 1989. Nesting phenology and competition for nest sites among Red-headed and Red-bellied Woodpeckers and European Starlings. - The Auk 106: 209-217.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ingold, D. J. 1994. Influence of nest-site competition between European Starlings and woodpeckers. - Wilson Bulletin 106: 227-241.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ingold, D. J. 1996. Delayed nesting decreases reproductive success in Northern Flickers: implications for competition with European Starlings. - Journal of Field Ornithology 67: 321-326.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ingold, D. J. 1997. Do nest boxes help alleviate nestsite competition by European Starlings on Northern Flickers? - Sialia 19: 83-91.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ingold, D. J. 1998. The influence of starlings on flicker reproduction when both naturally excavated cavities and artificial nest boxes are available. - Wilson Bulletin 110: 218-225.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ingold, D. J. & Densmore, R. J. 1992. Competition between European Starlings and native woodpeckers for nest cavities in Ohio. - Sialia 14: 43-48, 54.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ingold, D. J. & Ingold, D. A. 1984. A study of possible niche preferences of cavity-nesting birds in the Colorado Rockies. - NMOS Bulletin 12(1): 1-9.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. 1976. A comparison of some aspects of the breeding ecology of Red-headed and Red-bellied Woodpeckers in Kansas. - The Condor 78: 67-76. DOI: 10.2307/136691710.2307/1366917]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. 1994. Red-cockaded Woodpecker Picoides borealis. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 85. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/tbna.85.p]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. 1997. A hankerin’ to hammer. - Birder’s World 11(2): 16-21.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. 2000. Rapid nest-site selection and initiation of nests on commercial aircraft by European Starlings. - Migrant 71: 97-99.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. 2002. Niche concepts and woodpecker conservation: Understanding why some species are endangered. - In: Pechacek, P. & d’Oleire-Oltmanns, D. (eds.) International Woodpecker Symposium. - Nationalpark Berchtesgaden, Germany. - Forschungsbericht 48: 87-96.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. 2003a Pandora’s birds. - Birder’s World 17(5): 54-59.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. 2003b Red white & blue-blooded: the Red-headed Woodpecker is an American aristocrat. - Birder’s World 17(3): 51-55.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. & Davis, W. E. Jr. 1998. Range expansion of the Red-bellied Woodpecker. - Bird Observer 26(1): 4-11.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. & Jackson, B. J. S. 2004. Ecological relationships between fungi and woodpecker cavity sites. - The Condor 106: 37-49. DOI: 10.1650/748310.1093/condor/106.1.37]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A., Ouellet, H. R. & Jackson, B. J. S. 2002. Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 702. - The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania10.2173/tbna.702.p]Search in Google Scholar
[Jackson, J. A. & Tate, J. Jr. 1974. An analysis of nest box use by Purple Martins, House Sparrows and Starlings in eastern North America. - Wilson Bulletin 86: 435-449.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jeffrey-Smith, M. 1972. Bird-watching in Jamaica. - Bolivar Press, Kingston, Jamaica]Search in Google Scholar
[Johnson, S. R. & Campbell, R. W. 1995. Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) Birds of North America, no. 157. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/bna.157]Search in Google Scholar
[Johnston, R. F. & Garrett, K. L. 1994. Population trends of introduced birds in western North America, 1890-1991. - In: Jehl, J. R. Jr. & Johnson, N. K. (eds.) A century of avifaunal change in western North America. - Studies in Avian Biology, no. 15., pp. 221-231.]Search in Google Scholar
[Joy, J. B. 2000. Characteristics of nest cavities and nest trees of the Red-breasted Sapsucker in coastal montane forests. - Journal of Field Ornithology 71: 525-530. DOI: 10.1648/0273-8570-71.3.52510.1648/0273-8570-71.3.525]Search in Google Scholar
[Kalmbach, E. R. 1928. The European Starling in the United States. - U.S. Department of Agriculture Farmers’ Bulletin, no. 1571.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kalmbach, E. R. & Gabrielson, I. N. 1921. Economic value of the Starling in the United States. - U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin, no. 868.]Search in Google Scholar
[Karnosky, D. F. 1979. Dutch elm disease: a review of the history, environmental implications, control, and research needs. - Environmental Conservation 6: 311-322. DOI: 10.1017/ S037689290000357X10.1017/S037689290000357X]Search in Google Scholar
[Kendeigh, S. C. 1982. Bird populations in east central Illinois: fluctuations, variations, and development over a half century. - Illinois Biological Monographs 52.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kerpez, T. A. & Smith, N. S. 1990. Nest-site selection and nest-cavity characteristics of Gila Woodpeckers and Northern Flickers. - The Condor 92: 193-198. DOI: 10.2307/136839810.2307/1368398]Search in Google Scholar
[Kessel, B. 1953. Distribution and migration of the European Starling in North America. - The Condor 55: 49-67. DOI: 10.2307/136502610.2307/1365026]Search in Google Scholar
[Kessel, B. 1957. A study of the breeding biology of the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) in North America. - American Midland Naturalist 58: 257-331. DOI: 10.2307/242261510.2307/2422615]Search in Google Scholar
[Kilham, L. 1968. Reproductive behavior of Hairy Woodpeckers. II. Nesting and habitat. - Wilson Bulletin 80: 286-305.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kilham, L. 1969. Reproductive behavior of Hairy Woodpeckers. III. Agonistic behavior in relation to courtship and territory. - Wilson Bulletin 81: 169-183.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kilham, L. 1971. Reproductive behavior of Yellow- bellied Sapsuckers. Preference for nesting in Fomes-infected aspens and nest hole interrelations with flying squirrels, raccoons, and other animals. - Wilson Bulletin 83: 159-171.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kilham, L. 1973. Dying elms: Boon to woodpeckers. - American Birds 27: 736-738.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kilham, L. 1977. Nesting behavior of Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers. - Wilson Bulletin 89: 310-324.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kilham, L. 1979. Courtship and the pair-bond of Pileated Woodpeckers. - The Auk 96: 587-594.]Search in Google Scholar
[Koenig, W. D. 2003. European Starlings and their effect on cavity-nesting birds. - Conservation Biology 17: 1134-1140. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02262.x10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02262.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Kohler, L. S. 1912. Status of the European Starling in Essex County, New Jersey. - Wilson Bulletin 24: 44-46.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kosinski, Z. & Ksit, P. 2006. Comparative reproductive biology of Middle-spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius and Great-spotted Woodpeckers D. major in a riverine forest. - Bird Study 53(3): 237-246. DOI: 10.1080/0006365060946143810.1080/00063650609461438]Search in Google Scholar
[Kotaka, N. & Matsuoka, S. 2002. Secondary users of Great-spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) nest cavities in urban and suburban forests in Sapporo City, northern Japan. - Ornithological Science 1: 117-122. DOI: 10.2326/osj.1.11710.2326/osj.1.117]Search in Google Scholar
[Lawrence, L. de K. 1967. A comparative life-history study of four species of woodpeckers. - Ornithological Monographs 5: 1-156. DOI: 10.2307/4016674710.2307/40166747]Search in Google Scholar
[Leopold, A. 1949. A Sand County almanac and sketches here and there. - Oxford University Press, New York]Search in Google Scholar
[Lindell, C. 1996. Patterns of nest usurpation: When should species converge on nest niches? - The Condor 98: 464-473. DOI: 10.2307/136956010.2307/1369560]Search in Google Scholar
[Linsdale, J. M. 1929. Roadways as they affect bird life. - The Condor 31: 143-145. DOI: 10.2307/136297810.2307/1362978]Search in Google Scholar
[Lowther, P. E. 2000. Nuttall’s Woodpecker Picoides nuttallii. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 373. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/bna.555]Search in Google Scholar
[Löhrl, H. 1956. Der Star als Bruthohlenkonkurrent. - Die Vogelwelt 77(2): 47-50. (in German)]Search in Google Scholar
[Lombardo, M. P., Romagnano, L. C., Stouffer, P. C., Hoffenberg, A. S. & Power, H. W. 1989. The use of nest boxes as night roosts during the nonbreeding season by European Starlings in New Jersey. - The Condor 91: 744-747. DOI: 10.2307/136813510.2307/1368135]Search in Google Scholar
[Lumsden, H. G. 1976. Choice of nest boxes by Starlings. - Wilson Bulletin 88: 665-666.]Search in Google Scholar
[Marples, G. 1936. Behaviour of Starlings at nesting site. - British Birds 30: 14-21.]Search in Google Scholar
[Martin, K., Aitken, K. E. H. & Wiebe, K. L. 2004. Nest sites and nest webs for cavity-nesting communities in interior British Columbia, Canada: nest characteristics and niche partitioning. - The Condor 106: 5-19. DOI: 10.1650/748210.1093/condor/106.1.5]Search in Google Scholar
[Mathis, P. M. 1975. Incident of nest-site related aggressive behavior in the Flicker, Colaptes auratus. - Migrant 46: 73-74.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mazgajski, T. D. 2000. Competition for nest sites between the Starling Sturnus vulgaris and other cavity nesters - study in forest park. - Acta Ornithologica 35(1): 103-107.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mazgajski, T. D. 2003. Nest site choice in relation to the presence of old nests and cavity depth in the Starling Sturnus vulgaris. - Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 15: 273-281. DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2003.952267210.1080/08927014.2003.9522672]Search in Google Scholar
[Mazgajski, T. D. 2007a Nest hole age decreases nest site attractiveness for the European Starling Sturnus vulgaris. - Ornis Fennica 84: 32-38.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mazgajski, T. D. 2007b Effect of old nest material on nest site selection and breeding parameters in secondary hole nesters - a review. - Acta Ornithologica 42(1): 1-14. DOI: 10.3161/000164507781646960]Search in Google Scholar
[Mazgajski, T. D. & Rejt, L. 2006. The effect of forest patch size on the breeding biology of the Great-spotted Woodpecker. - Annales Zoologici Fennici 43: 211-220.]Search in Google Scholar
[McAtee, W. A. 1940. An experiment in songbird management. - The Auk 57: 333-348. DOI: 10.2307/407900010.2307/4079000]Search in Google Scholar
[McComb, A. M. G., Kernohan, R., Mawhirt, P., Robinson, B., Weir, J. & Wells, B. 2010. Great-spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major): proof of breeding in Tollymore Forest Park, Co. Down. - Irish Naturalists’ Journal 31: 66-67.]Search in Google Scholar
[McDevitt, A. D., Kajtoch, L., Mazgajski, T. D., Carden, R. F., Coscia, I., Osthoff, C., Coombes, R. H. & Wilson, F. 2011. The origins of Great-spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major colonizing Ireland revealed by mitochondrial DNA. - Bird Study 58: 361-364. DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2011.58261910.1080/00063657.2011.582619]Search in Google Scholar
[Michalczuk, J. & Michalczuk, M. 2016. The reproductive biology of the Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus in a newly colonized area of south-eastern Poland. - Journal of Ornithology 157: 179-187.10.1007/s10336-015-1265-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Mikusiński, G., Angelstam, P. & Sporrong, U. 2003. Distribution of deciduous stands in villages located in coniferous forest landscapes. - Ambios 32(8): 520-526. DOI: 10.1579/0044-7447-32.8.52010.1579/0044-7447-32.8.520]Search in Google Scholar
[Miller, A. H. & Bock, C. E. 1972. Natural History of the Nuttall Woodpecker at the Hastings Reservation - The Condor 74(3): 284-294. DOI: 10.2307/136659010.2307/1366590]Search in Google Scholar
[Mitchell, A. D., Kirkconnell, A. & Wells, L. J. 2000. Notes on the status and nesting ecology of Fernandina’s Flicker Colaptes fernandinae. - Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 120: 103-112.]Search in Google Scholar
[Moeed, A. & Dawson, D. G. 1979. Breeding of Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in nest boxes of various types. - New Zealand Journal of Zoology 6(4): 613-618. DOI: 10.1080/03014223.1979.1042840410.1080/03014223.1979.10428404]Search in Google Scholar
[Moore, G. E. 1937. Probable effects of Starling. - Bluebird [Missouri Audubon Society] April: 34.]Search in Google Scholar
[Moore, W. S. 1995. Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 166. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/bna.166]Search in Google Scholar
[Morrison, D. W. & Caccamise, D. F. 1985. Ephemeral roosts and stable patches? A radiotelemetry study of communally roosting starlings. - The Auk 102: 793-804.]Search in Google Scholar
[Morrison, J. L. & Chapman, W. C. 2005. Can urban parks provide habitat for woodpeckers? - Northeastern Naturalist 12(3): 253-262. DOI: 10.1656/1092-6194(2005)012[0253:CUPPHF] 2.0.CO;2]Search in Google Scholar
[Navas, J. R. 2002. Las aves exóticas introducidas y naturalizadas en la Argentina. - Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 4(2): 191-202. (in Spanish with English Summary)10.22179/REVMACN.4.12]Search in Google Scholar
[Nichols, L. L. & Jackson, J. A. 1987. Interspecific aggression and the sexual monochromism of Redheaded Woodpeckers. - Journal of Field Ornithology 58: 288-290.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nilsson, S. G. 1984. The evolution of nest-site selection among hole-nesting birds: the importance of nest predators and competition. - Ornis Scandinavica 15: 167-175. DOI: 10.2307/367595810.2307/3675958]Search in Google Scholar
[Nilsson, S. G., Johnson, K. & Tjernberg, M. 1991. Is avoidance by Black Woodpeckers of old nest holes due to predators? - Animal Behaviour 8: 439-441. DOI: 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80845-010.1016/S0003-3472(05)80845-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Oberholser, H. C. 1896. A preliminary list of the birds of Wayne County, Ohio. - Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station 1(4), Article XXIV.10.5962/bhl.title.25893]Search in Google Scholar
[Ónodi, G. & Csörgő, T. 2013. Relationship between vegetation structure and abundance of Great-spotted Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major) in a mosaic habitat. - Ornis Hungarica 21: 1-11. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2013-001110.2478/orhu-2013-0011]Search in Google Scholar
[Orchan, Y., Chiron, F., Shwartz, A. & Kark, S. 2013. The complex interaction network among multiple invasive bird species in a cavity-nesting community. - Biological Invasions 15: 429-445. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0298-610.1007/s10530-012-0298-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Osborne, P. 1982. Some effects of Dutch elm disease on nesting farmland birds. - Bird Study 29(1): 2-16. DOI: 10.1080/0006365820947673310.1080/00063658209476733]Search in Google Scholar
[Pimentel, D., Lach, L., Zuniga, R. & Morrison, D. 2000. Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the United States. - BioScience 50: 53-65. DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2000) 050[0053:EAECON] 2.3.CO;2]Search in Google Scholar
[Pocock, I. 2015. Ireland’s great spots. - BirdWatching 29(6): 28-32.]Search in Google Scholar
[Polder, E. 1963. Starling and woodpecker interactions. - Iowa Bird Life 33: 42-43.]Search in Google Scholar
[Pranty, B. 2007. Status and distribution of Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) in Florida. - North American Birds 61: 658-665.]Search in Google Scholar
[Price, R. E. Jr. 1971. The Red-cockaded Woodpecker in Scotland County, North Carolina. - Chat 35: 42-44.]Search in Google Scholar
[Raffaele, H., Wiley, J., Garrido, O., Keith, A. & Raffaele, J. 1998. A guide to the birds of the West Indies. - Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey]Search in Google Scholar
[Raphael, M. G. & White, M. 1984. Use of snags by cavity- nesting birds in the Sierra Nevada. - Wildlife Monograph 86.]Search in Google Scholar
[Remm, J., Lohmus, A. & Remm, K. 2006. Tree cavities in riverine forests: What determines their occurrence and use by hole-nesting passerines? - Forest Ecology and Management 221: 267-277. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.01510.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.015]Search in Google Scholar
[Riensche, D. & Cogswell, H. L. 1993. Western sycamore woodland with scattered oaks. - Journal of Field Ornithology 64 (Suppl.1.): 34.]Search in Google Scholar
[Roberge, J-M., Mikusinski, G. & Svensson, S. 2008. The White-backed Woodpecker: umbrella species for forest conservation planning? - Biodiversity Conservation 17: 2479-2494. DOI: 10.1007/ s10531-008-9394-410.1007/s10531-008-9394-4]Search in Google Scholar
[Robinson, R. A., Siriwardena, G. M. & Crick, H. Q. P. 2005. Status and population trends of Starling Sturnus vulgaris in Great Britain. - Bird Study 52: 252-260.10.1080/00063650509461398]Search in Google Scholar
[Scheffer, T. H. & Cottam, C. 1935. The Crested Myna, or Chinese Starling, in the Pacific Northwest. - U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, no. 467. Washington, D.C.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sedgwick, J. A. & Knopf, F. L. 1990. Habitat relationships and nest site characteristics of cavity- nesting birds in cottonwood floodplains. - Journal of Wildlife Management 54: 112-124. DOI: 10.2307/380891010.2307/3808910]Search in Google Scholar
[Selander, R. K. 1966. Sexual dimorphism and differential niche utilization in birds. - The Condor 68: 113-151. DOI: 10.2307/136571210.2307/1365712]Search in Google Scholar
[Self, B. 2003. Vancouver Crested Mynas gone. - Winging It 15(5): 7.]Search in Google Scholar
[Shelley, L. O. 1933. Some notes on the Hairy Woodpecker. - Bird Banding 4: 204-205.]Search in Google Scholar
[Shelley, L. O. 1935. Flickers attacked by starlings. - The Auk 52: 93.10.2307/4077146]Search in Google Scholar
[Short, L. L. 1974. Habits of three endemic West Indian woodpeckers (Aves, Picidae). - American Museum Novitates, no. 2549.]Search in Google Scholar
[Short, L. L. 1979. Burdens of the picid hole-excavating habit. - Wilson Bulletin 91: 16-28.]Search in Google Scholar
[Short, L. L. 1982. Woodpeckers of the World. - Delaware Museum of Natural History, Greenville, Delaware, Monograph Series, no. 4.]Search in Google Scholar
[Simberloff, D. & Gibbons, L. 2004. Now you see them, now you don’t! - Population crashes of established introduced species. - Biological Invasions 6: 161-172. DOI: 10.1023/B:- BINV.0000022133.49752.46]Search in Google Scholar
[Smith, H. G. & Bruun, M. 2002. The effect of pasture on Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) breeding success and population density in a heterogeneous agricultural landscape in southern Sweden. - Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 92: 107-114. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00266-310.1016/S0167-8809(01)00266-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Smith, K. W. 2005. Has the reduction in nest-site competition from Starlings Sturnus vulgaris been a factor in the recent increase of Great-spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major numbers in Britain? - Bird Study 52: 307-313. DOI: 10.1080/0006365050946140410.1080/00063650509461404]Search in Google Scholar
[Smith, K. W. 2006. The implications of nest site competition from Starlings Sturnus vulgaris and the effect of spring temperatures on the timing and breeding performance of Great-spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major in southern England. - Annales Zoologici Fennici 43: 177-185.]Search in Google Scholar
[Snow, D. W., Perrins, C. M., Gillmore, R., Hillcoat, B., Roselaar, C. S., Vincent, D., Wallace, D. I. M. & Wilson, M. G. 1998. - The birds of the western Palearctic. Concise edition. - Oxford University Press, New York]Search in Google Scholar
[Snyder, J. S. 2003. Patent US6513454 B1. Martin house starling excluder. - U.S. Patent Office, Washington, D.C.]Search in Google Scholar
[Sorace, A., Petrassi, F. & Consiglio, C. 2004. Long distance relocation of nestboxes reduces nest predation by Pine Marten Martes martes. - Bird Study 51: 119-124. DOI: 10.1080/0006365040946134310.1080/00063650409461343]Search in Google Scholar
[Stevenson, H. M. & Anderson, B. H. 1994. The birdlife of Florida. - University Press of Florida, Gainesville]Search in Google Scholar
[Stickel, D. W. 1963. Natural history of the Red-bellied Woodpecker. - M.S. Thesis, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale]Search in Google Scholar
[Stighäll, K. 2015. Habitat composition and restocking for conservation of the White-backed Woodpecker in Sweden. - PhD Thesis, Orebro University, Sweden]Search in Google Scholar
[Stone, W. 1908. European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. - The Auk 25: 221-222. DOI: 10.2307/407071110.2307/4070711]Search in Google Scholar
[Stoner, D. 1925. The toll of the automobile. - Science 61(1568): 56-57. DOI: 10.1126/science.61.1568.5610.1126/science.61.1568.5617819715]Search in Google Scholar
[Sutton, G. M. 1967. Oklahoma birds. Their ecology and distribution with comments on the avifauna of the southern Great Plains. - University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma]Search in Google Scholar
[Sutton, G. M. 1984. The Red-bellied Woodpeckers fail again. - Bulletin of the Oklahoma Ornithological Society 17: 1-3.]Search in Google Scholar
[Svensson, S. 2004. Onset of breeding among Swedish Starlings Sturnus vulgaris in relation to spring temperature in 1981-2003. - Ornis Svecica 14: 117-128.]Search in Google Scholar
[Szép, T., Nagy, K., Nagy, Z. & Halmos, G. 2012. Population trends of common breeding and wintering birds in Hungary, decline of long distance migrant and farmland birds during 1999-2012. - Ornis Hungarica 20(2): 13-63. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2013-000710.2478/orhu-2013-0007]Search in Google Scholar
[Szlivka, L. 1957. Biological data on the Syrian Woodpecker, Dendrocopos syriacus balcanicus, and its relations towards the Starling, Sturnus vulgaris. - Larus 9-10: 43-56. [English translation by the Smithsonian Institution, 1973]]Search in Google Scholar
[Taber, S. R. 1921. A bird battle. - Bird-Lore 23: 243.]Search in Google Scholar
[Tashiro-Vierling, K. 1994. Population trends and ecology of the Lewis’s Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) in southeastern Colorado. - M.A. Thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder]Search in Google Scholar
[Taylor, R. G. 1953. Starlings in Jamaica. - Ibis 95: 700-701.10.1111/j.1474-919X.1953.tb01902.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Tobalske, B. W. 1996. Scaling of muscle composition, wing morphology, and intermittent flight behavior in woodpeckers. - The Condor 113: 151-177. DOI: 10.2307/408894310.2307/4088943]Search in Google Scholar
[Tobalske, B. W. 1997. Lewis’ Woodpecker Melanerpes lewis. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 284. - The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.10.2173/tbna.284.p]Search in Google Scholar
[Troetschler, R. G. 1970. The impact of the Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) on the native hole-nesting species of the San Francisco Bay region. - M.S. Thesis, San Jose State University, San Jose]Search in Google Scholar
[Troetschler, R. G. 1976. Acorn Woodpecker breeding strategy as affected by Starling nest-hole competition. - The Condor 78: 151-165. DOI: 10.2307/136685010.2307/1366850]Search in Google Scholar
[Turner, E. L. 1908. Green Woodpecker versus Starling. - British Birds 2: 141-146.]Search in Google Scholar
[van Balen, J. H., Booy, C. J. H., Franeker, J. A. V. & Osieck, E. R. 1982. Studies on hole-nesting birds in natural nest sites. - Ardea 70: 1-24. DOI: 10.5253/arde.v70.p110.5253/arde.v70.p1]Search in Google Scholar
[Verheyen, R. F. 1969. Le choix du nichoir chez l’Etourneau, Sturnus v. vulgaris [The nesting box selection of the Starling, Sturnus v. vulgaris]. - Le Gerfaut 59: 239-259. (in French)]Search in Google Scholar
[Vierling, K. T. 1998. Interactions between European Starlings and Lewis’ Woodpeckers at nest cavities. - Journal of Field Ornithology 69(3): 376-379.]Search in Google Scholar
[Villard, P. 1999. The Guadeloupe Woodpecker and other islands Melanerpes. - Société d’ Études Ornithologiques de France, Brunoy]Search in Google Scholar
[Vysotsky, V. G. 2005. Survival of the Starling Sturnus vulgaris in the eastern Baltic: different stages of the population dynamics. - Avian Ecology and Behaviour 13: 1-10.]Search in Google Scholar
[Walters, E. L., Miller, E. H. & Lowther, P. E. 2002a Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 662. - The Birds of North America Incorporated, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania10.2173/bna.yebsap.02]Search in Google Scholar
[Walters, E. L., Miller, E. H. & Lowther, P. E. 2002b Red-breasted Sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber, Rednaped Sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis. - In: Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.) The Birds of North America, no. 663. - The Birds of North America Incorporated, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania10.2173/tbna.663.p]Search in Google Scholar
[Wesolowski, T. 2007. Lessons from long-term holenester studies in a primeval temperate forest. - Journal of Ornithology 148: 395-405. DOI: 10.1007/s10336-007-0198-110.1007/s10336-007-0198-1]Search in Google Scholar
[Wiebe, K. L. 2001. Microclimate of tree cavity nests: Is it important for reproductive success in Northern Flickers? - The Auk 118: 412-421. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0412:MOTCNI] 2.0.CO;2]Search in Google Scholar
[Wiebe, K. L., Koenig, W. D. & Martin, K. 2007. Costs and benefits of nest reuse versus excavation in cavity- nesting birds. - Annales Zoologici Fennici 44: 209-217.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wiley, J. W. & Wunderle, J. M. Jr. 1993. The effects of hurricanes on birds, with special reference to Caribbean islands. - Bird Conservation International 3: 319-349.]Search in Google Scholar
[Willet, G. 1930. The Common Mynah breeding in Los Angeles. - The Condor 32: 301-302.]Search in Google Scholar
[Willimont, L. A. 1990. A case of competition between European Starlings and West Indian Woodpeckers on Abaco, Bahamas. - Florida Field Naturalist 18(1): 14-15.]Search in Google Scholar
[Wood, C. A. 1924. The starling family at home and abroad. - The Condor 26: 123-136. DOI: 10.2307/136321610.2307/1363216]Search in Google Scholar
[Zeleny, L. 1969. Starlings versus native cavity-nesting birds. - Atlantic Naturalist 24: 158-161.]Search in Google Scholar