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Diatom-based reconstruction of trophic status changes recorded in varved sediments of Lake Żabińskie (northeastern Poland), AD 1888-2010

Małgorzata Witak
Małgorzata Witak
, 
Ivan Hernández-Almeida
Ivan Hernández-Almeida
, 
Martin Grosjean
Martin Grosjean
 et 
Wojciech Tylmann
Wojciech Tylmann
   | 06 mars 2017
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Article Category: Original research paper
Publié en ligne: 06 mars 2017
Pages: 1 - 17
Reçu: 23 mars 2016
Accepté: 10 juin 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2017-0001
© Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Poland. All rights reserved.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Location of lakes included in the Polish Training Set and Lake Żabińskie
Location of lakes included in the Polish Training Set and Lake Żabińskie

Figure 2

a) Principal component analysis (PCA) of all measured environmental variables in 46 lakes in Poland. b) Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) based on 46 sites (red circles) and 57 species (grey circles)
a) Principal component analysis (PCA) of all measured environmental variables in 46 lakes in Poland. b) Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) based on 46 sites (red circles) and 57 species (grey circles)

Figure 3

Diatom assemblages of surface training sets from 46 Polish lakes
Diatom assemblages of surface training sets from 46 Polish lakes

Figure 4

Plots of the observed versus predicted log10 TP and observed versus residual log10 TP based on: a) WA regression with classical deshrinking using 46 Polish lakes; and b) PLS-2 regression for 71 lakes (46 Polish + 25 EDDI). White dots represent lakes from the Polish Training Set, while grey dots are lakes from the EDDI training set. The black dot represents Lake Żabińskie, used in the reconstruction
Plots of the observed versus predicted log10 TP and observed versus residual log10 TP based on: a) WA regression with classical deshrinking using 46 Polish lakes; and b) PLS-2 regression for 71 lakes (46 Polish + 25 EDDI). White dots represent lakes from the Polish Training Set, while grey dots are lakes from the EDDI training set. The black dot represents Lake Żabińskie, used in the reconstruction

Figure 5

TP reconstructions (black solid line: Polish transfer function; grey solid line: Polish + EDDI transfer function) and PCA record (solid line: PCA1; dotted line: PCA2) versus BSi and diatom fluxes in Lake Żabińskie
TP reconstructions (black solid line: Polish transfer function; grey solid line: Polish + EDDI transfer function) and PCA record (solid line: PCA1; dotted line: PCA2) versus BSi and diatom fluxes in Lake Żabińskie

Figure 6

Diatom diagram with the main (more than 1%) planktic taxa in Lake Żabińskie. Trophic groups: eutraphentic (green), eu-mesotraphentic (blue), mesotraphentic (red), meso-oligotraphentic (orange), oligotraphentic (yellow); dark colors – frequency in percentage, light colors – frequency per mile
Diatom diagram with the main (more than 1%) planktic taxa in Lake Żabińskie. Trophic groups: eutraphentic (green), eu-mesotraphentic (blue), mesotraphentic (red), meso-oligotraphentic (orange), oligotraphentic (yellow); dark colors – frequency in percentage, light colors – frequency per mile

Figure 7

Diatom diagram with the main (more than 1%) benthic taxa in Lake Żabińskie, for explanations of colors see Fig. 6
Diatom diagram with the main (more than 1%) benthic taxa in Lake Żabińskie, for explanations of colors see Fig. 6

Figure 8

Comparison of TP reconstructions, regional consumption of phosphate fertilizers and major historical events in the catchment of Lake Żabińskie. Black and red lines represent TP reconstructions based on the Polish Training Set and merged Polish and EDDI datasets, respectively; grey bars represent fertilizers (data compiled from different statistical yearbooks, no data available for the period before 1957, and for the years 1967, 1976-1979, 1996-1998)
Comparison of TP reconstructions, regional consumption of phosphate fertilizers and major historical events in the catchment of Lake Żabińskie. Black and red lines represent TP reconstructions based on the Polish Training Set and merged Polish and EDDI datasets, respectively; grey bars represent fertilizers (data compiled from different statistical yearbooks, no data available for the period before 1957, and for the years 1967, 1976-1979, 1996-1998)

Basic statistics of morphometric features and water environment properties of lakes included in the Polish Training Set

Min. Max Mean
Surface area km2 0.10 7.31 0.73
Max depth m 6.00 43.6 16.0
Water temperature °C 9.95 14.6 11.3
Specific conductivity S cm−1 53.5 771 390
TDS

TDS – total dissolved solids

 g l−1 0.03 0.50 0.25
Turbidity NTU 2.18 23.0 5.42
pH 7.69 8.11 7.88
DO

DO – dissolved oxygen

 concentration		 mg l−1 7.50 12.7 9.82
Na+ 1.65 23.9 7.46
K+ 0.46 16.2 3.93
Mg2+ 0.90 24.6 9.48
Ca2+ 6.01 127 60.4
HCO3 0.30 5.32 2.77
SO42− 4.72 136 29.8
F− 0.07 18.9 0.55
Cl− 2.45 74.2 15.4
N tot 0.35 4.40 1.29
P 0.02 0.33 0.08
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