Hydraulic characteristics and sediment generation on slope erosion in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Abrahams, A.D., Parsons, A.J., Luk, S.H., 1986. Field measurement of the velocity of overland flow using dye tracing. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 11, 653-657.10.1002/esp.3290110608Search in Google Scholar

Abrahams, A.D., Li, G., Parsons, A.J., 1996. Rill hydraulics on a semiarid hillslope, Southern Arizona. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 21, 35-47.10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199601)21:1<35::AID-ESP539>3.0.CO;2-TSearch in Google Scholar

Assouline, S., Ben-Hur, M., 2006. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing. Catena, 66, 211-220.10.1016/j.catena.2006.02.005Search in Google Scholar

Berger, C., Schulze, M., Rieke-Zapp, D., Schlunegger, F., 2010. Rill development and soil erosion: a laboratory study of slope and rainfall intensity. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 35, 1456-1467.10.1002/esp.1989Search in Google Scholar

Bulygin, S.Y., Nearing, M.A., Achasov, A.B., 2002. Parameters of interrill erodibility in the WEPP model. Eurasion Soil Sci., 35, 1237-1242.Search in Google Scholar

Cerdà, A., 1998. Relationship between climate and soil hydrological and erosional characteristics along climatic gradients in Mediterranean limestone areas. Geomorphology, 25, 123-124.10.1016/S0169-555X(98)00033-6Search in Google Scholar

Cerdà, A., Giménez-Morera, A., Bodí, M.B., 2009. Soil and water losses from new citrus orchards growing on sloped soils in the western Mediterranean basin. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 34, 1822-1830.10.1002/esp.1889Search in Google Scholar

Cao, L.X., Zhang, K.L., Dai, H.L., Liang, Y., 2015. Modeling interrill erosion on unpaved roads in the Loess Plateau of China. Land Degrad. Dev., 26, 8, 825-832.10.1002/ldr.2253Search in Google Scholar

Cheng, Q., Ma, W., Cai, Q., 2008. The relative importance of soil crust and slope angle in runoff and soil loss: a case study in the hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China. Geo- Journal, 71, 117-125.10.1007/s10708-008-9149-5Search in Google Scholar

De Roo, A.P.J., Wesseling, C.G., Cremers, N.H.D.T., Offermans, R.J.E., Ritsema, C.J., Van Oostindie, K., 1994. LISEM: a new physically-based hydrological and soil erosion model in a GIS-environment, theory and implementation. IAHS Publications - Series of Proceedings and Reports - International Association of the Hydrological Sciences, vol. 224, pp. 439-448.Search in Google Scholar

Defersha, M.B., Melesse, A.M., 2012. Effect of rainfall intensity, slope and antecedent moisture content on sediment concentration and sediment enrichment ratio. Catena, 90, 47-52.10.1016/j.catena.2011.11.002Search in Google Scholar

Donjadee, S., Chinnarasri, C., 2012. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the application of vetiver grass mulch in soil and water conservation. Int. J. Sed. Res., 27, 168-177.10.1016/S1001-6279(12)60025-0Search in Google Scholar

El Kateb, H., Zhang, H., Zhang, P., Mosandl, R., 2013. Soil erosion and surface runoff on different vegetation covers and slope gradients: A field experiment in Southern Shaanxi Province, China. Catena, 105, 1-10.10.1016/j.catena.2012.12.012Search in Google Scholar

Ellison, W.D., 1947. Soil erosion studies part VI: Soil detachment by surface flow. Agr. Eng., 28, 402-408.Search in Google Scholar

Fang, H., Sun, L., Tang, Z., 2015. Effects of rainfall and slope on runoff, soil erosion and rill development: an experimental study using two loess soils. Hydrol. Process., 29, 11, 2649-2658.10.1002/hyp.10392Search in Google Scholar

Foster, G.R., Huggins, L., Meyer, L.D., 1984. A laboratory study of rill hydraulics: I. Velocity relationships. Trans. ASAE, 27, 790-796.10.13031/2013.32873Search in Google Scholar

Foster, G.R., Flanagan, D.C., Nearing, M.A., Lane, L.J., Risse, L.M., Finkner, S.C., 1995. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP). Technical documentation. NSERL Report No. 10. National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory. USDA-ARS. West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196.Search in Google Scholar

Fox, D.M., Bryan, R.B., 2000. The relationship of soil loss by interrill erosion to slope gradient. Catena, 38, 211-222.10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00072-7Search in Google Scholar

Fox, D.M., Bryan, R.B., Price, A.G., 1997. The influence of slope angle on final infiltration rate for interrill conditions. Geoderma, 80, 1-2, 181-194.10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00075-XSearch in Google Scholar

Fu, Z.Y., Li, Z.X., Cai, C.F., Shi, Z.H., Xu, Q.X., Wang, X.Y., 2011. Soil thickness effect on hydrological and erosion characteristics under sloping lands: a hydropedological perspective. Geoderma, 167-168, 41-53.10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.08.013Search in Google Scholar

Gilley, J.E., Woolhiser, D.A., McWhorter, D.B., 1985. Interrill soil erosion, Part I. Development of model equations. Trans. ASAE, 28, 147-153.10.13031/2013.32218Search in Google Scholar

Giménez, R., Govers, G., 2001. Interaction between bed roughness and flow hydraulics in eroding rills. Water Resour. Res., 37, 791-799.10.1029/2000WR900252Search in Google Scholar

Govers, G., 1991. Time dependency of runoff velocity and erosion: the effect of the initial soil moisture profile. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 16, 713-729.10.1002/esp.3290160805Search in Google Scholar

Govers, G., 1992. Relationship between discharge, velocity and flow area for rills eroding loose, non-layered materials. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 17, 515-528.10.1002/esp.3290170510Search in Google Scholar

Guo, T.L., Wang, Q.J., Li, D.Q., Zhuang, J., Wu, L.S., 2013. Flow hydraulic characteristic effect on sediment and solute transport on slope erosion. Catena, 107, 145-153.10.1016/j.catena.2013.03.001Search in Google Scholar

Hairsine, P.B., Rose, C.W., 1992. Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles, 1. Sheet flow. Water Resour. Res., 28, 237-243.10.1029/91WR02380Search in Google Scholar

Huang, C.H., 1995. Empirical analysis of slope and runoff for sediment delivery from interrill areas. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59, 982-990.10.2136/sssaj1995.03615995005900040004xSearch in Google Scholar

Jia, H.Y., Lei, A.L., Lei, J.S., Ye, M., 2007. Effects of hydrological processes on nitrogen loss in purple soil. Agric Water Manag, 89, 89-97.10.1016/j.agwat.2006.12.013Search in Google Scholar

Jin, C.X., 1996. The role of slope gradient on slope erosion. Geographical Research, 15, 57-62. (In Chinese.)Search in Google Scholar

Julien, P.Y., Simmons, D.B., 1985. Sediment transport capacity of overland flow. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 28, 755-762.10.13031/2013.32333Search in Google Scholar

Kinnell, P.I.A., 1993. Interrill erodibilities based on the rainfall intensity-flow discharge erosivity factor. Aust. J. Soil Res., 31, 319-332.10.1071/SR9930319Search in Google Scholar

Kinnell, P.I.A., Cummings, D., 1993. Soil slope gradient interactions in erosion by rainimpacted flow. Trans. ASAE, 36, 381-387.10.13031/2013.28349Search in Google Scholar

Knapen, A., Poesen, J., Govers, G., De Baets, S., 2008. The effect of conservation tillage on runoff erosivity and soil erodibility during concentrated flow. Hydrol. Process., 22, 1497-1508.10.1002/hyp.6702Search in Google Scholar

Li, Z.B., Qin, B.S., Kang, W., Li, W., Wei, X., 2008. Indoor experimental studies on hydrodynamic characteristics of runoff in rill erosion procession steep slope. Trans. CSAE, 24, 64-68. (In Chinese.)Search in Google Scholar

Liu, D.D., She, D.L., Yu, S.E., Shao, G.C., Chen, D., 2015. Rainfall intensity and slope gradient effects on sediment losses and splash from a saline-sodic soil under coastal reclamation. Catena, 128, 54-62.10.1016/j.catena.2015.01.022Search in Google Scholar

Luk, S.H., Cai, Q.G., Wang, G.P., 1993. Effects of surface crusting and slope gradient on soil and water losses in the hilly loess region, North China. Catena, 24, 29-45.Search in Google Scholar

Mathier, L., Roy, A.G., Paré, J.P., 1989. The effect of slope gradient and length on the parameters of a sediment transport equation for sheetwash. Catena, 16, 545-558.10.1016/0341-8162(89)90041-6Search in Google Scholar

Morgan, R.P.C., Quinton, J.N., Smith, R.E., Govers, G., Poesen, J.W.A., Auerswald, K., Chisci, G., Torri, D., Styczen, M.E., 1998. The European soil erosion model (EUROSEM): a process-based approach for predicting soil loss from fields and small catchments. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 23, 527-544.10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<527::AID-ESP868>3.0.CO;2-5Search in Google Scholar

Nash, D., Halliwell, D., Cox, J., 2002. Hydrological mobilization of pollutants at the field/slope scale. In: Haygarth, P.M., Jarvis, S.C. (Eds.): Agriculture, hydrology and water quality. CAB Int., Wallingford, Oxon, UK, pp. 225-242.10.1079/9780851995458.0225Search in Google Scholar

Nearing, M.A., Parker, S.C., 1994. Detachment of soil by flowing water under turbulent and laminar conditions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 1612-1614.10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800060004xSearch in Google Scholar

Nearing, M.A., Norton, L.D., Bulgakov, D.A., Larionov, G.A., West, L.T., Dontsova, K.M., 1997. Hydraulics and erosion in eroding rills. Water Resour. Res., 33, 865-876.10.1029/97WR00013Search in Google Scholar

Nearing, M.A., Simanton, J.R., Norton, L.D., Bulygin, S.J., Stone, J., 1999. Soil erosion by surface water flow on a stony, semiarid hillslope. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 24, 677-686.10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199908)24:8<677::AID-ESP981>3.0.CO;2-1Search in Google Scholar

Peng, X.D., Shi, D.M., Jiang, D., Wang, S.S., Li, Y.X., 2014. Runoff erosion process on different underlying surfaces from disturbed soils in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Catena, 123, 215-224.10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.012Search in Google Scholar

Peng, W.Y., Zhang, Z.D., Zhang, K.L., 2015. Hydrodynamic characteristics of rill flow on steep slopes. Hydrol. Process. 29, 3677-3686.10.1002/hyp.10461Search in Google Scholar

Rafael, G., Gerard, G., 2008. Effects of freshly incorporated straw residue on rill erosion and hydraulics. Catena, 72, 214-223.10.1016/j.catena.2007.05.004Search in Google Scholar

Ran, Q., Su, D., Li, P., He, Z., 2012. Experimental study of the impact of rainfall characteristics on runoff generation and soil erosion. J. Hydrol., 424, 99-111.10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.12.035Search in Google Scholar

Savat, J., 1980. Resistance to flow in rough supercritical sheet flow. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 16, 103-122.10.1002/esp.3760050202Search in Google Scholar

Sharma, K., Singh, H., Pareek, O., 1983. Rainwater infiltration into a bare loamy sand. Hydrol. Sci. J., 28, 417-424.10.1080/02626668309491980Search in Google Scholar

Shen, H.O., Zheng, F.L., Wen, L.L., Jiang, Y.L., Lu, J., 2015. Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Slope Gradient on Rill Morphological Characteristics. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 46, 8, 104-112. (In Chinese.)Search in Google Scholar

Sirjacobs, D., Shainberg, I., Rapp, I., Levy, G.J., 2000. Polyacrylamide, sediment, and interrupted flow effects on rill erosion and intake rate. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 64, 1487-1495.10.2136/sssaj2000.6441487xSearch in Google Scholar

Smith, M.W., Cox, N.J., Bracken, L.J., 2007. Applying flow resistance equations to overland flows. Prog. Phys. Geog., 31, 363-387.10.1177/0309133307081289Search in Google Scholar

Wang, H.J., Zhang, J., Wang, H.J., Tu, S.Y., 2010. The Characteristics of Short-duration Precipitation Extremes of Badong and Yichang Stations in the Yangtze Three Gorges Area. Torrential rain and disasters., 29, 1, 38-43. (In Chinese.)Search in Google Scholar

Wang, Z., Yang, X., Liu, J., Yuan, Y., 2015. Sediment transport capacity and its response to hydraulic parameters in experimental rill flow on steep slope. J. Soil Water Conserv., 70, 36-44.10.2489/jswc.70.1.36Search in Google Scholar

Wen, A.B., Qi, Y.Q., Wang, Y.C., He, X.B., Fu, J.X., Zhang, X.B., 2005. Study on erosion and sedimentation in Yangtze Three Gorge Region. J. Soil Water Conserv., 19, 2, 33-36. (In Chinese.)Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, X.C., Nearing, M.A., Miller, W.P., Norton, L.D., West, L.T., 1998. Modeling interrill sediment delivery. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 62, 438-444.10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200020021xSearch in Google Scholar

Zhang, G.H., Liu, B.Y., Nearing, M.A., Huang, C.H., Zhang, K.L., 2002. Soil detachment by shallow flow. Trans. ASAE, 45, 351-357.10.13031/2013.8527Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, G.H., Liu, B.Y., Liu, G.B., He, X.W., Nearing, M.A., 2003. Detachment of undisturbed soil by shallow flow. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 67, 713-719.10.2136/sssaj2003.7130Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, G.S., Chan, K.Y., Oates, A., Heenan, D.P., Huang, G.B., 2007. Relationship between soil structure and runoff/ soil loss after 24 years of conservation tillage. Soil Till. Res., 92, 122-128.10.1016/j.still.2006.01.006Search in Google Scholar

Zhang, G.H., Liu, G.B., Yi, L., Zhang, P.C., 2014. Effects of patterned Artemisia capillaris on overland flow resistance under varied rainfall intensities in the Loess Plateau of China. J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 62, 334-342.10.2478/johh-2014-0035Search in Google Scholar

Zhao, Q.H., Li, D.Q., Zhuo, M.N., Guo, T.L., Liao, Y.S., Xie, Z.Y., 2015. Stochastic Environ. Res. Risk Assess., 29, 609-621.10.1007/s00477-014-0896-1Search in Google Scholar

Ziadat, F.M., Taimeh, A.Y., 2013. Effect of rainfall intensity, slope and land use and antecedent soil moisture on soil erosion in an arid environment. Land Degrad. Dev. 24, 582-590.10.1002/ldr.2239Search in Google Scholar