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Figure 1

Preoperative 3D reconstruction (A) showing craniocerebral penetrating injury caused by the shaft of a spear gun. Note the entry point through the cranial base towards coronal suture. Postoperative sequential (B, C) CT scans demonstrating acute traumatic insular (B) and opercular contusions (C) on the right side throughout missile trajectory.
Preoperative 3D reconstruction (A) showing craniocerebral penetrating injury caused by the shaft of a spear gun. Note the entry point through the cranial base towards coronal suture. Postoperative sequential (B, C) CT scans demonstrating acute traumatic insular (B) and opercular contusions (C) on the right side throughout missile trajectory.

Summary of published cases of Foix-Chavany-Marie Syndrome of traumatic origin.F – female, M – male, mo – months, NA – not available, SAH – subarachnoid haemorrhage, SLT – speech and language therapy, yr - year

Author, YearAge (yr), GenderHand dominanceBrain Trauma MechanismImaging FindingsSymptomsTreatmentOutcome
Laurent-Vannier et al.2, 199910, MLeftBilateral Closed Car accidentRight frontopolar, right anterior temporal cortex contusions, brain edema and SAH (day 1) Left subdural collection and extradural hematoma (day 3)Automatic-voluntary dissociation Loss of voluntary control of muscles Innervated by cranial nerves V, VI, VII, IX, X, and XISurgical evacuation of the left extra-axial hematomaPoor recovery limited orofacial abilities (18mo)
Cambpell et al.3, 200924, MNASequential bilateral Closed AssaultRight frontal and temporal contusions, midline shift (day 1) Left frontal contusion (22mo later)Automatic voluntary dissociation Bilateral central facial palsy, loss of gag reflex, loss of voluntary movements of the tongue Mouth half open, drooling salivaSurgical evacuation of the right contusion Conservative (SLT)Good recovery
Nitta et al.,4 201324, FRightUnilateral Closed Car accidentRight subdural hematoma, midline shift, opercular Premotor cortex contusion on intraoperative InspectionAutomatic-voluntary dissociation Unable to swallow and speak Mouth half open, mastigatory diplegiaSurgical evacuation of the right contusionPartial recovery (18mo)
Acioly et al., 201728, FLeftUnilateral Penetrating Spear gun injuryRight operculo-insular hematoma (day 1)Automatic-voluntary dissociation Loss of voluntary control of muscles innervated by cranial nerves V, VI, VII, IX, X, and XIIDecompressive craniectomy SLTFull recovery (24mo)
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