Variable | Mean (STD) | Levene’s test for equality | t-test |
---|---|---|---|
Percentage of revenues from new products/services | |||
Innovation process | |||
Informal (n = 134) | 0.352 (0.278) | 1.432 (p = 0.233) | 0.029 p < 0.05 |
Formal (n = 39) | 0.466 (0.308) | ||
Size | |||
Micro and small (n = 144) | 0.392 (0.294) | 2.694 (p = 0.103) | 0.138 |
Medium (n = 29) | 0.305 (0.248) | ||
Sector | |||
Non-service (n = 87) | 0.355(0.278) | 1.997 (p = 0.159) | 0.300 |
Services (n = 86) | 0.400 (0.297) | ||
Innovations the first of their kind to market | |||
Innovation process | |||
Informal (n = 110) | 0.24 (0.427) | 10.586 (p = 0.001) | 0.000 p < 0.001 |
Formal (n = 32) | 0.56 (0.504) | ||
Size | |||
Micro and small (n = 120) | 0.30 (0.460) | 1.082 (p = 0.300) | 0.556 |
Medium (n = 22) | 0.36 (0.492) | ||
Sector | |||
Non-service (n = 75) | 0.37(0.487) | 12.125 (p = 0.001) | 0.085 |
Services (n = 67) | (0.430) |
Variable | Formal innovation | Informal innovation | Pearson | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Our culture makes it hard for people to put | SA / A | 13 | 21 | 6.277 | 0.043 p < 0.05 |
forward good ideas | – | 8 | 22 | ||
D / SD | 79 | 57 | |||
People in our unit come up with lots of good | SA / A | 72 | 57 | 3.571 | 0.168 |
ideas on their own | – | 10 | 23 | ||
D / SD | 18 | 20 | |||
Few of our projects involve team members | SA / A | 21 | 30 | 7.667 | 0.022 p < 0.05 |
from different units or subsidiaries | – | 15 | 31 | ||
D / SD | 64 | 39 | |||
Typically, our people collaborate on projects | SA / A | 77 | 58 | 6.087 | 0.048 p < 0.05 |
internally, across units, businesses, or | – | 5 | 20 | ||
subsidiaries | D / SD | 18 | 22 | ||
Our people often exhibit a ‘not invented here’ | SA / A | 8 | 23 | 5.912 | 0.052 |
attitude – ideas from outside are not considered | – | 16 | 22 | ||
D / SD | 24 | 19 |
Authors | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Roper et al. (2008) | Knowledge Sourcing | Transformation | Exploitation |
Hansen and Birkinshaw (2007) | Idea Generation | Idea conversion | Idea diffusion |
Loewe and Chen (2007) | Discovery | Opportunity | Realisation |
O’Connor and Ayers (2005) | Discovery | Incubation | Acceleration |
Idea Generation | Conversion | Diffusion | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In-House | Cross- | External | Selection | Development | Spread | |
Creation within | Collaboration | Collaboration | Screening and | Movement from | Dissemination | |
Key Questions | Do people in | Do we create | Do we source | Are we good at | Are we good at | Are we good |
Key | Number of | Number of high | Number of high | Percentage of all | Percentage of | Percentage of |
Variable | Formal innovation | Informal innovation | Pearson | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
We’re slow to roll out new products | SA / A | 23 | 43 | 5.332 | 0.070 |
– | 26 | 21 | |||
D / SD | 51 | 36 | |||
Competitors are slow to copy our product | SA / A | 23 | 19 | 0.555 | 0.758 |
introductions | – | 44 | 41 | ||
D / SD | 33 | 40 | |||
We don’t penetrate all possible channels, | SA / A | 39 | 66 | 10.617 | 0.005 p < 0.01 |
customer groups, and regions with new | – | 28 | 19 | ||
products | D / SD | 33 | 15 |
Variable | Formal innovation | Informal innovation | Pearson | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
We have tough rules for investment in new | SA / A | 20.5 | 29 | 3.318 | 0.190 |
projects making it hard to get ideas funded | – | 20.5 | 29 | ||
in most cases | D / SD | 59 | 42 | ||
We have a risk-taking attitude toward | SA / A | 67 | 38 | 10.105 | 0.006 p < 0.01 |
investing in novel ideas | – | 13 | 30 | ||
D / SD | 20 | 32 | |||
New-product-development projects often | SA / A | 46 | 58 | 8.156 | 0.017 |
from different units or don’t finish on time | – | 19 | 27 | ||
D / SD | 35 | 15 | |||
Managers receive lots of support | SA / A | 79 | 40 | 17.820 | 0.000 p < 0.001 |
developing new ideas | – | 10.5 | 33 | ||
D / SD | 10.5 | 27 |
Variable | N | Mean | Standard | Mean | Standard | p-value | 95% Confidence Adjustment for multiple comparisons: least significant difference (equivalent to no adjustments) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size | Sector | Innovation | Lower | Upper | ||||||
Micro and | Non-service | Informal | 55 | 33.745 | 3.820 | −11.588 | 8.252 | 0.162 | −27.881 | 4.705 |
Formal | 15 | 45.333 | 7.315 | |||||||
Services | Informal | 55 | 37.545 | 3.820 | −17.349 p < 0.05 | 7.539 | 0.023 p < 0.05 | −32.234 | −2.464 | |
Formal | 19 | 54.895 | 6.499 | |||||||
Medium | Non-service | Informal | 14 | 33.571 | 7.571 | 6.905 | 18.024 | 0.702 | −28.682 | 42.492 |
Formal | 3 | 26.667 | 16.356 | |||||||
Services | Informal | 10 | 32.000 | 8.959 | 25.000 | 21.944 | 0.256 | −18.328 | 68.328 | |
Formal | 2 | 7.000 | 20.032 |
Variable | N | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formal innovation process (0: No; 1: Yes) | 173 | 0.23 | 0.419 | 0 | 1 |
Size (0: Micro and Small; 1: Medium) | 173 | 0.17 | 0.375 | 0 | 1 |
Sector (0: Other; 1: Services) | 173 | 0.50 | 0.501 | 0 | 1 |
% revenue from new products and services | 173 | 37.7 | 28.8 | 0 | 100 |
Were your new product or service innovations the first of their kind to the | 142 | 0.31 | 0.464 | 0 | 1 |
Our culture makes it hard for people to put forward good ideas | 171 | 1.57 | 0.796 | 1 | 0 |
People in our unit come up with lots of good ideas on their own | 171 | 2.40 | 0.801 | 1 | 3 |
Few of our projects involve team members from different units or subsidiaries | 171 | 2.18 | 0.836 | 1 | 3 |
Typically, our people collaborate on projects internally, across units, businesses | 172 | 2.41 | 0.815 | 1 | 3 |
Our people often exhibit a ‘not invented here’ attitude – ideas from outside are | 171 | 2.41 | 0.795 | 1 | 3 |
Lots of good ideas for new products and businesses come from outside the | 171 | 1.65 | 0.793 | 1 | 3 |
We have tough rules for investment in new projects making it hard to get ideas | 171 | 2.19 | 0.835 | 1 | 3 |
We have a risk-taking attitude toward investing in novel ideas | 172 | 2.15 | 0.847 | 1 | 3 |
New-product-development projects often don’t finish on time | 169 | 1.63 | 0.784 | 1 | 3 |
Managers receive lots of support developing new ideas | 170 | 1.74 | 0.809 | 1 | 3 |
We’re slow to roll out new products | 173 | 2.01 | 0.886 | 1 | 3 |
Competitors are slow to copy our product introductions | 173 | 2.18 | 0.745 | 1 | 3 |
We don’t penetrate all possible channels, customer groups, and regions with | 173 | 1.59 | 0.792 | 1 | 3 |