Apoptosis, ANUP, Chromogranin A, PGP 9.5, Endothelins and VEGF in Acquired Heart Diseases: Review of Literature

According to the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia data, in 2014 16076 latvians died from cardiovascular diseases and it is 57,03% of all deaths. Changes in myocardium of the diseased hearts are complex and pathogenesis is still not fully clear. Morphopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases are complex molecular cell changes which include apoptosis, homeostasis regulating factors, and innervation and ischemia markers.

In this article we wanted to provide an overview about apoptosis, atrial natriuretic peptide, chromogranin A, neuropeptide-containing innervation, endothelins and vascular endothelial growth factor in pathomorphology of acquired heart diseases and their clinical implications.