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External Costs of Opencast Brown Coal Mining in Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry (on the Example of Wielkopolska)

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Fig. 1

Lignite deposits of the mining and energetic region of Adamów, Konin and BełchatówSource: Kasztelewicz, Sikora and Zajączkowski 2014, 40.
Lignite deposits of the mining and energetic region of Adamów, Konin and BełchatówSource: Kasztelewicz, Sikora and Zajączkowski 2014, 40.

Fig. 2

Changes in the population in the Kolski, Koniński, Gostyński and Rawicki poviats against the background of Poland and the Wielkopolskie voivodships in the years 2002–2010Source: Universal agricultural census 2010. Central Statistical Office Poznań 2012; Report on the results of censuses 2002. Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. CSO, Poznań 2003.
Changes in the population in the Kolski, Koniński, Gostyński and Rawicki poviats against the background of Poland and the Wielkopolskie voivodships in the years 2002–2010Source: Universal agricultural census 2010. Central Statistical Office Poznań 2012; Report on the results of censuses 2002. Wielkopolskie Voivodeship. CSO, Poznań 2003.

The level of yields in the present Wielkopolska province (without the former Konińskie voivodship) and the former Konin Voivodeship in the years 1956–1990 (t * ha-1)

Specificationwielkopolskiekonińskiewielkopolskie = 100%
1956–19601,6851,57293.35
1961–19651,9961,86693.49
1966–19701,8611,69390.98
1976–19802,7962,34783.95
1981–19853,1462,59082.33
1986–19903,4482,65076.85

Annual costs in plant and animal production

SpecificationOścisłowoDęby SzlacheckieOczkowice
OutcropVariant IVariant IIOutcropVariant IVariant IIOutcropVariant IVariant II
common hopperown hopper
Plant production
Area (ha UR)11772997911674118095149747141131051589822500260000
60.017.7%*, 25.0%**17.7%*,17.760.022.117.760.025.017.7
loss (%)25.0%**,
7.3%***
cereals681173416753639357892596570319315112022138921
potatoes1845017517433586724271164445135
acreage (ha)sugar beets14347135337929108733931425416249
rape4411154341114794355911142369140916277
others4211072641773789154915663437702119808493417
cereals0.937.843.3229.231.1714.7532.576.7610.7577.81
potatoes0.131.100.474.430.292.756.281.412.2316.18
Lossessugar beets0.050.420.184.550.131.824.590.881.4010.13
(PLN m / year)rape0.100.810.348.620.243.438.681.352.1415.50
others0.675.673.3221.661.0611.1225.845.839.2767.08
Razem1.8715.857.6468.492.8933.8777.9716.2325.80186.70
External costs(PLN m * year-1)0.4715.857.6468.492.8933.8777.9716.2325.80186.70
Animal production
Area powiatów(% UR)11.2832.5212.6639.442.0915.6825.555.6221.4375.28
Loss (%)cattle60.015.0*, 20.0**15.0*, 20.0**15.060.017.715.060.020.015.0
5.0%***
cows60.015.0*, 20.0**15.0*, 20.0**,15.060.017.715.060.020.015.0
5.0%***
swine60.09.0*, 12.5**9.0*, 12.5**,9.060.011.19.060.012.59.0
3.5***
sows60.09.0*, 12.5**9.0*, 12.5**,9.060.011.19.060.012.59.0
3.5***
cattle48144481444814413443745132165771214093100244100244273982
Amount in poviats (pcs)cows18492184921849250082212376587682930374943749496517
swine959219592195921334314481672974354886264791364791361245727
sows94109410941033221554731498502174374643746119290
beef livestock0.422,971.2410.430.565.4711.933.945.0137.32
milk1.037.263.0323.541.9514.9131.339.2311.7379.58
Losses (PLN m / year)fatteners0.652.771.1710.720.534.1910.0014.2411.3274.44
piglets0.210.910.383.310.201.473.334.333.4423.76
Total2.3213.915.8247.993.2426.0356.5931.7431.50215.10
External costs (PLN m * year-1)0.583.481.46120.816.5114.157.937.8853.78
Annual losses agricultural production (PLN m)4.1929.7613.46116.496.1359.90134.5547.9757.30401.81
Annual external costs agricultural production (PLN m)1.0519.329.0980.491.5340.3892.1111.9933.67240.48
Time to generate losses (years)511551a, 15b, 36c15454515d, 25e, 45f100100100
Losses (PLN m) caused by the outcrop213.64446.34517.471747.34275.972695.435275.374796.845729.9440180.51
External outcrop costs (PLN caused m) by the53.41289.86348.651207.4068.9918173584.921199.213367.2624047.74
Total losses with the open pit area (PLN m)x691.921260.92x1885.993653.92x4566.4725246.95

Characteristics of Kolski, Koniński, Gostyński and Rawicki poviats against the background of the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship and Poland in 2010

SpecificationParticipation UR (%)Area UR (ha)The number of animals (pcs)Stocking of animals (pcs / 100 ha UR)
cattlecowsswinesowscattlecowsswinesows
Polska49.58155029695760585265736515278051142657537.217.198.59.2
wielkopolskie60.011789875844289304467481956138375347.217.0269.321.4
kolski70.8271598451322123748167554763.029.767.37.7
koniński58.3992186481441849295921941052.220.1104.110.2
gostyński77.276260859562252882557762255195.140.4408.536.0
rawicki76.604240040682122062233602119595.928.8526.850.0

Concentration of the population on the territory of the present Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (excluding former Konińskie voivodship) and the former Konin Voivodeship in the years 1959–2010 (pcs * 100ha-1)

Specificationwielkopolskiekonińskiewielkopolskie = 100%
cattlecowsswinesowscattlecowsswinesowscattlecowsswinesows
195943.6430.2872.798.6039.1628.7868.358.8289.7395.0393.91102.63
196552.3228.26102.1811.0843.6027.4390.9811.6183.3597.0789.04104.79
197571.3229.47155.9214.5474.9029.4089.5610.56105.0299.7657.4472.60
198559.2326.75153.2515.3858.1628.5482.9610.3398.19106.7054.1467.14
199644.2216.79252.1523.4045.1121.12118.8512.02102.02125.7447.1351.36
200238.9115.45285.6527.5543.3820.66148.7815.56111.48133.7252.0956.51
201046.0816.18299.8923.4653.2721.6797.6010.12115.61133.9432.5443.14

Annual costs in the sale of the agro-food industry

SpecificationOścisłowoDęby SzlacheckieOczkowice
OutcropVariant IVariant IIOutcropVariant IVariant IIOutcropVariant IVariant II
common hopperown hopper
area (ha)11772997911674118095149747141131051589822500260000
17.7%*,
17.7%*,25.0%**,
loss (%)60.025.0%**7.3%***17.760.022.117.760.025.017.7
purchase (PLN * ha-1)1642.81642.81642.81642.81642.81642.82,1642.82,1642.81642.81642.8
1737.831737.83
losses (PLN m)2.3219.648.3271.102.9535.0978.5611.6318.48151.20
beef livestock0.684.751.9816.690.898.7519.086.308.0159.72
losses (PLN m)milk1.6511.624.8537.663.1123.8550.1314.7618.77127.33
fatteners1.044.441.8717.150.856.7016.0022.7918.11119.11
total3.3720.808.7171.504.8639.3085.2243.8544.89306.16
losses agricultural production (PLN m)5.6940.4517.03142.607.8174.39163.7755.4863.38457.36
Time to generate losses (years)511551a, 15b, 36c15454515d, 25e,100100100
45f
Losses caused by the outcrop (PLN m)290.14606.74655.092139.00351.433347.556433.815547.686337.5545736.08
External costs caused by the outcrop (PLN m)10.1521.2422.9374.8712.30117.16228.18194.17221.811600.76
Total external costs with the open pit area (PLN m)x54.3285.02x129.46237.48x415.981794.93

Anticipated schedule for the development of mining operation and drainage system in the area of the designed Ościsłowo open-pit