[Abdelqader A., Al - Fataftah A-R., Das G. (2013 a). Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis and inulin supplementation on performance, eggshell quality, intestinal morphology and microflora composition of laying hens in the late phase of production. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 179: 103-111.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.11.003]Search in Google Scholar
[Abdelqader A., Irshaid R., Al - Fataftah A-R. (2013 b). Effects of dietary probiotic inclusion on performance, eggshell quality, cecal microflora composition, and tibia traits of laying hens in the late phase of production. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 45: 1017-1024.10.1007/s11250-012-0326-723271415]Search in Google Scholar
[Abdulrahim S.M., Haddadin M.S.Y., Hashlamoun E.A.R., Robinson R.K. (1996). The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and bacitracin on layer performance of chickens and cholesterol content of plasma and egg yolk. Brit. Poultry Sci., 37: 341-346.]Search in Google Scholar
[Afsari M., Mohebbifarn A., Torki M. (2014). Effects of dietary inclusion of olive pulp supplemented with probiotics on productive performance, egg quality and blood parameters of laying hens. Annu. Res. Rev. Biol., 4: 198-211.]Search in Google Scholar
[Aghaei A., Tabatabaei S., Chaji M., Nazari M. (2010). Effects of dried whey (prebiotics) and probiotics on laying hens performance and intestinal flora. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9: 1996-2000.]Search in Google Scholar
[Balevi T., Ucan U.S., Coscun B., Kurtoglu V., Cetingul S. (2009). Effect of dietary probiotic on performance and humoral immune response in layer hens. Arch. Zootech., 12: 14-23.]Search in Google Scholar
[Capcarova M., Chmelnicna L., Kolesarova A., Massanyi P., Kovacik J. (2010). Effects of Enterococcus faecium M 74 strain on selected blood and production parameters of laying hens. Brit. Poultry Sci., 51: 614-620.]Search in Google Scholar
[Chung S.H., Lee J., Kong C. (2015). Effects of multi strain probiotics on egg production and quality in laying hens fed diets containing food waste product. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 14: 19-22.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dankowiakowska A., Kozłowska I., Bednarczyk M. (2013). Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in poultry - mode of action, limitations and achievements. J. Cent. Europ. Agric., 14: 467-478.]Search in Google Scholar
[Deng W., Dong X.F., Tong J.M., Zhang Q. (2012). The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poultry Sci., 91: 575-582.]Search in Google Scholar
[Edens W. (2003). An alternative for probiotic use in poultry. Probiotics. Braz. J. Poultry Sci., 5: 75-97.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ehrmann M.A., Kurzak P., Bauer J., Vogel R.F. (2002). Characterization of lactobacilli towards their use as probiotic adjuncts in poultry. J. Appl. Microbiol., 92: 966-975. ]Search in Google Scholar
[FAO/WHO (2002). Joint FAO/WHO Working Group Report on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food, London, Ontario, Canada.]Search in Google Scholar
[Folch J., Lees M., Sloane - Stanley G.H. (1957). Asimple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 226: 497-509.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fukushima M., Nakano M. (1995). The effect ofaprobiotic on faecal and liver lipid classes in rats. Brit. J. Nutr., 73: 701-710.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gaggia F., Mattarelli P., Biavati B. (2010). Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding for safe food production. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 141: 15-28.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gallazzi D., Giardini A., Mangiagalli M.G., Marelli S., Ferrazzi V., Orsi C., Cavalchini L.G. (2008). Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSLon laying hen performance. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 7: 27-37.]Search in Google Scholar
[Garcia V., Catala - Gregori P., Hernandez F., Megias M.D., Madrid J. (2007). Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. J. Appl. Poultry Res., 16: 555-562.]Search in Google Scholar
[Gilliland S.E., Nelson C.R., Maxwell C. (1985). Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 49: 377-381.]Search in Google Scholar
[Haddadin M.S., Abdulrahim S.M., Hashlamoun E.A., Robinson R.K. (1996). The effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the production and chemical composition of hen’s eggs. Poultry Sci., 75: 491-494.]Search in Google Scholar
[Horniakova E., Busta L., Flatnitzer F. (2006). Application of probiotic preparation IMB 52 in laying hens nutrition. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 39: 191-196. International Dairy Federation (1992). Provisional Standard (159): Milk and milk fat product - determination of cholesterol content. IDF, Brussels, Belgium.]Search in Google Scholar
[Janocha A., Milczarek A., Osek M., Turyk Z. (2010). Effectivity of probiotic bacteria and probiotic in broiler chicken feeding (in Polish). Acta Sci. Pol., Zootechnica, 9: 21-30.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jayaraman S., Thangavel G., Kurian H., Mani R., Mukkalil R., Chirakkal H. (2013). Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis. Poultry Sci., 92: 370-374.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kalavathy R.N., Abdullah N., Jalaludin S., Ho Y.W. (2003). Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids and weight of organs of broiler chickens. Brit. Poultry Sci., 44: 139-144.]Search in Google Scholar
[Kurtoglu V., Kurtoglu F., Seker E., Coskun B., Balevi T., Polat E.S. (2004). Effect of probiotic supplementation on laying hen diets on yield performance and serum and egg yolk cholesterol. Food Addit. Contam., 21: 817-823.]Search in Google Scholar
[La Ragione R.M., Woodward M.J. (2003). Competitive exclusion by Bacillus subtilis spores of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and Clostridium perfringens in young chickens. Vet. Microbiol., 94: 245-256.]Search in Google Scholar
[La Ragione R.M., Casula G., Cutting S.M., Woodward M.J. (2001). Bacillus subtilis spores competitively exclude Escherichia coli O78:K80 in poultry. Vet. Microbiol., 79: 133-142.]Search in Google Scholar
[Li L., Xu C.L., Ju C., Ma Q., Hao K., Jin Z.Y., Li K. (2006). Effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on egg quality. Poultry Sci., 85: 364-368.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ma Q.G., Gao X., Zhou T., Zhao L.H., Fan Y., Li X.Y., Lei Y.P., Ji C., Zhang J.Y. (2012). Protective effect of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on egg quality, biochemical and histopathological changes in layers exposed to aflatoxin B1. Poultry Sci., 91: 2852-2857.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mahdavi A.H., Rahmani H.R., Pourreza J. (2005). Effect of probiotic supplements on egg quality and laying hen’s performance. Int. J. Poultry Sci., 4: 488-492.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mateova S., Gaalova M., Saly J., Fialkovicova M. (2009). Investigation of the effect of probiotics and potentiated probiotics on productivity of laying hens. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 54: 24-30.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mikulski D., Jankowski J., Naczma ński J., Mikulska M., Demey V. (2012). Effects of dietary probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici) supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, egg traits, egg yolk cholesterol, and fatty acid profile in laying hens. Poultry Sci., 91: 2691-2700.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mizak L., Gryko R., Kwiatek M., Parasion S. (2012). Probiotics in animal nutrition (in Polish). Życie Wet., 87: 736-742. Mohan B., Kadirvel R., Bhaskaran M., Natarajan A. (1995). Effect of probiotic supplementation on serum/yolk cholesterol and on egg shell thickness in layers. Brit. Poultry Sci., 36: 799-803.]Search in Google Scholar
[Mutus R., Kocabagl N., Alp M., Acar N., Eren M., Gezen S.S. (2006). The effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on tibial bone characteristics and strength in broilers. Poultry Sci. Assoc., 85: 1621-1625.]Search in Google Scholar
[Naumann C., Bassler R. (1993). Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. Methodenbuch, Band III. 3. Erg.,VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt.]Search in Google Scholar
[Nelson C.R., Gilliland S.E. (1984). Cholesterol uptake by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Abstract. J. Dairy Sci., 67 (Suppl.1).]Search in Google Scholar
[Nogueira G.C., Bragagnolo N. (2002). Assessment of methodology for the enzymatic assay of cholesterol in egg noodles. Food Chem., 79: 267-270.]Search in Google Scholar
[O ’ Hara A.M., Shanahan F. (2007). Mechanisms of action of probiotics in intestinal diseases. Sci. World J., 7: 31-46.]Search in Google Scholar
[Panda A.K., Reddy M.R., Rama Rao S.V., Praharaj N.K. (2003). Production performance, serum/yolk cholesterol and immune competence of White Leghorn layers as influenced by dietary supplementation with probiotic. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 35: 85-94.]Search in Google Scholar
[Panda A.K., Rama Rao S.S., Raju M.V.L.N., Sharma S.S. (2008). Effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus sporogenes) feeding on egg production and quality, yolk cholesterol and humoral immune response of White Leghorn layer breeders. J. Sci. Food Agric., 88: 43-47.]Search in Google Scholar
[Patterson J.A., Burkholder K.M. (2003). Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poultry Sci., 82: 627-631.]Search in Google Scholar
[Pelicano E.R.L., De Souza P.A., De Souza H.B.A., Leonel F.R., Zeola N.M.B.L., Boiago M.M. (2004). Productive traits of broiler chickens fed diets containing different growth promoters. Braz. J. Poultry Sci., 6: 177-182.]Search in Google Scholar
[Quarantelli A., Righi F., Agazzi A., Invernizzi G., Ferroni M., Chevaux E. (2008). Effects of the administration of Pediococcus acidilactici to laying hens on productive performance. Vet. Res. Commun., 32: 359-361.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ramasamy K., Abdullah N., Jalaludin S., Wong M., Ho Y.W. (2009). Effects of Lactobacillus cultures on performance of laying hens, and total cholesterol, lipid and fatty acid composition of egg yolk. J. Sci. Food Agric., 89: 482-486.]Search in Google Scholar
[Ribeiro Jr. V., Albino L.F.T., Rostagno H.S., Barreto S.L.T., Hannas M.I., Har-rington D.,de Araujo F.A., Ferreira Jr. H.C., Ferreira M.A. (2014). Effects of the dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis levels on performance, egg quality and excreta moisture of layers. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 195: 142-146.]Search in Google Scholar
[Scholz - Ahrens K.E., Ade P., Marten B., Weber P., Timm W., Asil Y., Gluer C.-C.]Search in Google Scholar
[Schrezenmeir J. (2007). Prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics affect mineral absorption, bone mineral content and bone structure. J. Nutr., 137: 838S-846S.]Search in Google Scholar
[Shivaramaiah S., Pumford N.R., Morgan M.J., Wolfender R.E., Wolfender A.D., Torres - Rodr íguez A., Hargis B.M., T éllez G. (2011). Evaluation of Bacillus species as potential candidates for direct-fed microbials in commercial poultry. Poultry Sci., 90: 1574-1580.]Search in Google Scholar
[Smulikowska S., Rutkowski A. (2005). Nutrient requirements of poultry. Feeding recommendations and nutritive value of feed (in Polish). The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jabłonna by Warszawa, 4th ed.]Search in Google Scholar
[St - Onge M.P, Farnworth E.R., Jones P.J.H. (2000). Consumption of fermented and nonfermented dairy products: Effects on cholesterol concentrations and metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71: 674-681.]Search in Google Scholar
[Świ ątkiewicz S., Arczewska- W łosek A., J ózefiak D. (2014). Bones quality indices in laying hens fed diets withahigh level of DDGSand supplemented with selected feed additives. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 59: 61-68.]Search in Google Scholar
[Vanden Heuvel E.G., Muys T.,van Dokkum W., Schaafsma G. (1999). Oligofructose stimulates calcium absorption in adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69: 544-548.]Search in Google Scholar
[Vila B., Fontgibell A., Badiola I., Esteve - Garcia E., Jiménez G., Castillo M., Brufau J. (2009). Reduction of Salmonella enterica var. enteritidis colonization and invasion by Bacillus cereus var. toyoi inclusion in poultry feeds. Poultry Sci., 88: 975-979. ]Search in Google Scholar
[Willis W.L., Reid L. (2008). Investigating the effects of dietary probiotic feeding regiments on broiler chicken production and Campylobacter jejuni presence. Poultry Sci., 87: 606-611.]Search in Google Scholar
[Xu C.-L., Ji C., Ma Q., Hao K., Jin Z.-Y., Li K. (2006). Effects ofadried Bacillus subtilis culture on egg quality. Poultry Sci., 85: 364-368.]Search in Google Scholar
[Yeum K.J., Russell R.M. (2002). Carotenoid bioavailability and bioconversion. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 22: 483-504.]Search in Google Scholar
[Youssef A.W., Hassan H.M.A., Ali H.M., Mohamed M.A. (2013). Effect of probiotics, prebiotics and organic acids on layer performance and egg quality. Asian J. Poultry Sci., 7: 65-74.]Search in Google Scholar
[Zarei M., Ehsani M., Torki M. (2011). Dietary inclusion of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics and evaluating performance of laying hens. Am. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 6: 249-255.]Search in Google Scholar
[Zhang J.L., Xie Q.M., Ji J., Yang W.H., Wu Y.B., Li C., Ma J.Y., Bi Y.Z. (2012). Different combinations of probiotics improve the production performance, egg quality, and immune response of layer hens. Poultry Sci., 91: 2755-2760.]Search in Google Scholar
[Żeglarska Z., Jaworski J., Borejszo Z. (1991). Evaluation of the modified Peisker method to obtain fatty acid methyl esters (in Polish). Acta Acad. Agricult. Tech. Olst. Tech. Aliment., 24: 25-33. ]Search in Google Scholar
