<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Providing free trade conditions to all WTO Members, the GATT 1994 includes general exceptions to Article XX, which allows members to adopt trade and legislative restrictions and measures to promote values and interests and the protection of the environment. Driven by the aim of protecting the environment, various countries have been adopting a considerable number of measures to protect the environment and all human, animal and plant life and health under their jurisdiction. However, such restrictions are likely to influence the free trade regime through a clash of interests and relationships between WTO Members, which are challenged through WTO dispute settlement mechanisms. Although the WTO provides exceptions under Article XX of its free trade conditions to protect the environment via the national environmental measures of WTO Members, the justifications for such measures are challenged in meeting the requirements of Article XX.
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Article XX of the Gatt 1994 and WTO Members: Sufficient Freedom to Define And Pursue Environmental Policy Objectives

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The right to criticize or parody has always been a fundamental human right. In today’s world of technology and the Internet, parodies or caricatures of someone’s work are not uncommon. Technology has become so readily available that anyone can create a parody or caricature of another person’s work. The main task of the nowadays researchers is find balance between one person’s right to the inviolability of his property and the right of other persons to imitate it.
The aim of this article is to analyze the concept of parody and caricature, as well as the case law of different countries – exploring how case law assesses whether an imitated work can be defined as a parody, or whether it is an “unsuccessful” imitation. Where is the line where an author has created a parody or has already infringed the rights of another author?
The methodological basis of this article is based on general scientific approaches (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparison, analogy and a systemic and structural-functional approach). The article also draws on court decisions, legislation, legal literature, publications and doctrine. Conclusions are drawn using the method of scientific induction and deduction.
</abstract>

Parody as a Fair Use of Freedom of Speech

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The last two decades have seen a huge technological development, also known as the technology explosion, making it easier for anyone to access any kind of information, including of course intellectual property, anywhere in the world, and this has created new challenges for the protection of intellectual property. But nowadays, technology not only allows access to any work of authorship or invention, it is also capable of creating works of authorship or inventions itself, leading legal scholars to debate whether works created by technology can be protected if they are not human‐made. As is well known, almost all national laws only recognise an author or inventor if it is a human‐made work, but what about a painting or invention created by artificial intelligence? Are such works becoming vulnerable and freely available to everyone today? The methodological basis of this article is based on general scientific approaches (analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparison, analogy and a systemic and structural‐functional approach). The article also draws on court decisions, legislation, legal literature, publications and doctrine. Conclusions are drawn using the method of scientific induction and deduction. The aim of this article is to explain the importance of intellectual property protection in today's technological age, where intellectual property can be created not only by people but also by technology.
</abstract>

The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Technological Age

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The establishment of a specific project company most commonly known as a Special Purpose/Project Vehicle (SPV) is a key feature of most Public private partnership (PPP) transactions in Turkey.
According to the competent authority, the SPV is considered to fall under the definition of a Securitisation Special Purpose Vehicle (SSPE) then it should not be considered a financial sector entity. In order to meet the increasing infrastructure needs of Turkey, it is generally accepted necessary to utilise alternative financing models to be provided with the participation of the private sector in addition to the use of public resources. In this framework, PPPs model, which has been widely used in realisation of infrastructure investments in developed and developing countries in recent years, is also applied in Turkey. SPV PPP risks, income and losses usually are shared in proportion to the shares of a public partner and a private partner that they have in a joint venture. However capital companies also bid for the tender opened by the contracting public authority according to the relevant laws. If the tender is awarded to a business partnership or a capital company according to the relevant law, the documents regarding the establishment of the special purpose vehicle shall be requested. Generally, the SPV structured as a joint stock company. SPV is a feasible and an effective option for the lenders and financiers, who take into account the cash flow of the project and security over its assets for the repayments of the debts.
</abstract>

Structuring of Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) Within the Scope of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) Under Latvian and Turkish Law

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
After regaining its state independence, Azerbaijan got a favorable opportunity to enter the world market. The income from the country’s rich oil and gas resources served to rapidly increase the gross domestic product. Today, the government of Azerbaijan is preparing an action plan for the development of the non-oil sector in order to reduce the country’s dependence on oil and gas exports. In particular, there are some economic spheres that have a great need to be revived and have the main share in budget revenues. Although Azerbaijan has left behind most of its competitors in the viticulture and winemaking sector for many years, in the current conditions this sector relies on foreign investments for its development. Although tourism opportunities in Azerbaijan are very wide, the level of service in hotels and recreation centers is very low. Expensive prices in return for the level of service provided have a negative impact on the growth of Azerbaijan’s tourism revenues. Unfortunately, there are also serious problems in the development of the forestry and machine-building industries and wheat production in the country. Latvia has already specialized and has some experience in exporting in the listed economic sectors in Eastern Europe. The entry of Latvian investment into Azerbaijan will serve to strengthen economic relations between the two countries and maximize mutual income. In the research work, these issues will be considered and analyzed separately by economic spheres.
</abstract>

The Future Role of International Trade Risk Elimination and Investment Promotion in the Development of Economic Relations Between Azerbaijan and Latvia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
In today’s conditions of globalization and digitalization, in the conditions of rapid change, it is important to be flexible and adapt to new challenges. In order, for companies and organizations to be able to successfully manage crises, it is important that people who take leading positions in organizations and companies, have an understanding of risk and crisis management. Some of the current students will later take leading positions in various organizations and companies. Propose of the paper is to find out trends, how safe students feel in Europe, as well as how important they think understanding crisis management is, as well as whether they have studied subjects related to risk management and crisis management during their studies. The main finding is that insufficient attention has been paid to risk management and crisis management, subjects, people don’t realize the devastating effect of the crisis, as well as the fact that the crisis is not only a threat but also an opportunity.
</abstract>

Knowledge of Risk and Crisis Management for Managers of Companies and Organizations

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The paper presents results on design and implementation the monitoring system to control temperature of heating facilities in Turiba university. Key point of the project was implementation the internet of things ideas into proposed system. A design and prototyping of hardware circuits, including used sensors and hardware control and communication boards based on Raspberry PI Pico platform, is described. Developed software solution for the control board, implemented with the use of MicroPython programming language, and user interface with the use of JavaScript programming language, are presented. Results of experimental verification of developed solutions confirmed correctness of all anticipated results. Developed platform could be used for further investigation on microclimate control systems for buildings.
</abstract>

Heating Facilities Temperature Control System in Turiba University

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The present article explores the internal and external factors that enable the implementation of innovative practices within Georgian SMEs and the successful management of innovation and growth. We posit that a well-functioning and effective innovation management model is a prerequisite for growth and sustainability. The research aims to propose a conceptual model of innovation management and assess whether the application of innovation practices impacts the company’s growth in the targeted sample. The interpretation of results is based on examining the phenomenon and synthesis of theoretical information and data obtained from the online questionnaire and focus group. The data reported here appear to support the assumption that innovation management and a good combination of human and financial resources shall be the basis upon which the growth is implemented. As there is still a scarcity of research on innovation management practices in SMEs in developing countries, notably in Georgia, the present study shall contribute to the business and innovation management literature and shall develop recommendations and suggestions for start-up managers, entrepreneurs, policymakers or other interested parties. Consequently, the present research shall attempt to combine theoretical and empirical substantiations and create practical implications.
</abstract>

Innovation Management Model for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): Georgia

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The purpose of the article is to obtain, learn and analyse the international experience on the basic principles of artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in the public sector. In the article, the author examines the problems and offers proposals on the legal foundations that must be provided in the concept of introducing AI for the prevention of conflict of interest situations in the public sector. To achieve the goal, the author relies not only on the findings of other authors and the experience of other countries, but presents his own research. The author’s research is based on a survey of Latvian state and local government officials and employees. The author’s research was conducted but not fully completed at the time of submission of the article. However, in the article, the author has summarized the interim conclusions of the study and presents them. The author believes that the topic of the article and the research presented herein will allow a better understanding of the importance of AI technology, the need to regulate it, as well as ensure the safe implementation of AI in the public sector in the future with the aim of minimizing the risks of corruption and conflicts of interest.
</abstract>

Concept of Implementation of Artificial Intelligence for the Prevention of Conflict of Interest Situations in the Public Sector

<abstract><title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
With the advent of social media and a unique brand voice, brand communications frequently employ artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate timely interactions across the many channels of communication, and often integrate communications. This research seeks to investigate the influence of an AI-regulated brand voice on the freedom of expression (FOE) when communicating on social media.
A qualitative research design is implemented based on content analysis. The research gap was identified by reviewing the role of brand voice using AI, the application of AI to monitor freedom of expression, and the study of integrating FOE in brand voice generation using AI. Various case studies were used to conclude that AI-regulated brand voice has a substantial impact on the freedom of expression on social media, which is frequently governed by privacy rules. This study establishes that a brand’s communication in its social media portfolio is governed by national and international laws that regulate freedom of expression and thus have legal implications. This study suggests that AI must be fed information to prevent content such as hate speech, bullying, and so on, and produce a brand voice with checkpoints for human validation and verification to maintain general societal decorum.
</abstract>

Does the Dependence of Brand Voice on AI Restrict Freedom of Expression in Social Media?

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
Nowadays, experiential marketing is of great interest to researchers and practitioners. The use of experiential marketing helps to promote brands, because consumers take into account the experience when choosing a particular brand, product, service. Experiential marketing, which involves concepts such as satisfaction and loyalty, can influence the recommendation messages that customers distribute.
With the rapid development of social media communication, the amount of recommendation messages in the Internet environment has also increased. This is also very relevant in the field of higher education. It is on social networks that loyal foreign students can share their impressions and experiences with other potential foreign students about Latvian universities and Latvia as a destination for higher education, thus becoming distributors of marketing messages.
The aim of the research is to investigate how the experience of foreign students studying at a university in Latvia is reflected in their communication on social networks, and what is its connection with the formation of loyalty. Research methods: survey, descriptive analysis technique crosstabs, T‐Test.
The study concludes that foreign message publishers have a higher average level of loyalty to the country of study than those who do not engage in such social network communication, as well as a higher average level of loyalty to their university. The potential of the recommendations in this group is quite high, and it can be used to promote the recognition of the country as an educational destination and its universities.
</abstract>

Experiential Marketing in Communication of Loyal Foreign Students on Social Networks

<abstract>
<title style='display:none'>Abstract</title>
The Covid‐19 pandemic plunged the whole world into a protracted economic crisis, dealing a significant blow to all branches of human activity. Some areas have suffered serious losses, in particular, the tourism industry. This article discusses measures to restore and strengthen the tourism and hospitality sector after the pandemic in the Republic of Uzbekistan. A Safe Tourism program has been developed in the Republic of Uzbekistan; tourists will use tourist services, follow the sanitary and hygienic rules during trips. This project will provide travelling individually, choosing a destination and booking what they need during travelling online.
The purpose of the article is to analyse the situation in the world and Uzbekistan as well, during the pandemic, as well as to develop practical measures to rehabilitate the tourism sector from the consequences of the economic crisis associated with the pandemic. New offers are being considered in the tourism market to attract tourists to our country. The primary attention in the paper is focused on the development of electronic platforms for the formation of "online tourism", architectural sights and monuments combining the history of different peoples and religious denominations. The article also provides information about alternative medicine, and lists of several of treatment methods used by our ancestors and actual nowadays. The report summarizes some of the study results, concluding that the tourism business of Uzbekistan needs to radically rethink existing business models through innovation and digitalization of tourism. Examples of the development of such market segments as agro and eco‐tourism are given. This segments are currently beginning to develop and are of interest to tourists. It is mentioned that Uzbekistan is among the top 10 countries in terms of security.
</abstract>

Influence of the Covid‐19 Pandemic on the Development of Tourism and Measures of Creating Sustainable Tourism in Uzbekistan

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ACTA PROSPERITATIS

ACTA PROSPERITATIS (ISSN 1691-6077) is a peer-reviewed, international journal that publishes high-quality, original research across the entire spectrum of the social sciences. It was founded in...

ACTA PROSPERITATIS (ISSN 1691-6077) is a peer-reviewed, international journal that publishes high-quality, original research across the entire spectrum of...