<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Different approaches to the adaptation of foreign geographical atlases, making an effort of classification, against a background of the intensive activity of Polish publishers in the scope of adaptation of these atlases during the last decade of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty first century have been discussed in this article. Moreover the usefulness and correctness of the adapted publications as well as the fundamental problems connected with the use of Polish geographical names have been discussed from the point of view of a Polish user; also the problems related to the layout, range of content and scope of symbolism expected by a Polish user have been discussed.</abstract>

Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw

Department of Geoinformatics, Cartography and Remote Sensing University of Warsaw

Polish adaptation of foreign geographical atlases for general use at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> Through the example of State Scientific and Production Enterprise «Kartographia» the practical steps on publishing of educational electronic cartographic production in Ukraine are analysed. The main functions of using such products in the process of teaching as a key element of innovation techniques implementation into school education are defined. The authors represent the features of application of system approach to creation of electronic cartographic aids. The requirements to the educational electronic cartographic aids are related to the specific aspects of production tasks and technological solutions. The most essential part of the process of creation of electronic aid is a methodic processing. The quality and efficiency of the aid are defined by it. Electronic aid general structure which includes a list of programme units, intermodular connections, terms and definitions for hyperlinks is a result of this processing. Specificity of production tasks causes additional demands to creation of electronic aids. In the article authors consider the requirements and methodic approaches to the content, font style and color composition of electronic aids. Authors also present the recommendations for editor’s work. Due to the use of system approach to the creation of electronic cartographic aids new models of planning or giving lessons can be used and modern instructional techniques can be implemented as a practical matter.</abstract>

Use of system approach in creation of educational electronic cartographic aids in Ukraine

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The DGPS (Differential GPS) and EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) systems belong to a group of systems supporting the global satellite system GPS (Global Positioning System). These systems have significantly better navigation performance than GPS and, therefore, they are widely used in the maritime, civil and air navigation. The analysis of the positioning accuracy of GPS leads to the conclusion: from year to year the accuracy of the positioning determination increases. The effect of the permanent increasing of the GPS positioning accuracy is the parallel increasing of the positioning accuracies of all the supporting systems. In connection with the constant improvement of the precision characteristics of the above mentioned systems on one hand and the fact, that the users do not possess the current information about the actual status of these characteristics on the other hand, it is reasonable to conduct the periodical research in this area. For that purpose the long-term measurement campaigns were realized in the years 2006-2014; the values of measures, describing the positioning accuracies obtained by both systems, were determined on the basis of those campaigns.</abstract>

The evaluation of the positioning accuracy of the EGNOS and DGPS systems based on the long-term measurements in the years 2006–2014

<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> The 90th anniversary of the appearance of Atlas Polski Continental dla automobilistów (Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists) published by Continental Caoutchouc Compagnie Ltd Warsaw is nearing. The Atlas was the first publication of its kind after Poland had regained its independence in 1918. After mentioning the earlier 19th and the beginning of 20th century road maps, mainly from the region known as the Kingdom of Poland being at the time under the rule of the Russian Empire, the author of the article discusses the Continental road atlas. The date of publishing the Continental road atlas is not known, therefore in the article the author makes an attempt at establishing it on the basis of the map’s contents: railroad lines, settlement network and administrative borders. Unfortunately, the study does not allow one to unequivocally state the date of publication due to numerous shortcomings in the map’s contents. Nevertheless, the date may be estimated as the beginning of the year 1926. The atlas consists of 20 single-sided map sheets (foldouts) at the scale of 1:1,000,000, which cover the whole territory of Poland as well as some parts of neighboring countries, and a general map showing the division into sheets. The maps’ main contents consists of five categories of roads marked in red. Their background is composed of railroad lines, towns and villages in seven size classes according to the number of inhabitants, water network, some peaks and passes as well as mountain range names. Explanations of map symbols in the legend are given in five languages: Polish, Russian, German, French, English. The atlas very clearly shows the differences in the density and quality of roads between the regions of the Prussian and Austrian partitions and the road infrastructure-wise neglected Russian partition, especially its eastern part. Apart from mileage information for roads, the maps do not contain additional information specifically for motorists. They do not even show petrol stations or auto repair shops. What is really worth praise is the sole idea of creating such an automobile atlas and publishing it in 10,000 copies, a copy for every other Polish driver at the time! The fact speaks for the publisher’s, Continental Caoutchouc Compagnie’s, perspective. Despite numerous shortcomings discussed in the article, the Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists remains an unique work, which gave a beginning to a new kind of maps in Poland.</abstract>

Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists – the first road atlas in the independent Poland

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Polish Cartographical Review

Journal's original version: electronic version  70 points in the evaluation of Ministry of Education and Science   The Polish Cartographical Review (Pol. Cartogr. Rev, PCR) is one of the oldest cartographic journals in the world. It has been distributed since 1969 as the continuation of the periodical that had been published in Lvov for 11 years (during the years 1923 to 1934) under the title The Polish Cartographical Review. The quarterly plays an essential role in connection with the increasing importance of spatial information in the contemporary world as well as due to the expanding of use of maps in many areas of social and economic life. As a result, cartography as a field of knowledge, dealing with the methodology of information transmission via maps, is becoming increasingly important; especially facing the new challenges posed by the technological changes, and in the natural consequence - cultural ones.  The thematic scope of the articles that are published in The Polish Cartographical Review is very diverse. It reflects the main development directions of the contemporary cartography that is worked up by the cartographers and another specialists from the other fields of science for whom the map is the subject of research or the visual presentation of the results. In the area of interest of the magazine are the problems of theory of cartography, editing and perception processes of maps, the use of cartography in the studies of social and economic phenomena, including the use of the remote sensing and GIS tools, as well as the cultural role of the map and the history of cartography.  Today, like before the World War II, The Polish Cartographical Review is an important forum for exchange of ideas between the cartographers - workers of science, and the contractors or users of space information in the field of research related to utilitarian aspects of the cartographic activity.  The magazine is a quarterly that is edited by Polish scientists connected with Polish Geographical Society. The reviewers are foreign and Polish scientists. The consultative body is the international Advisory Editorial Board. Social media  Twitter  Facebook   Archiving  Sciendo archives the contents of this journal in Portico - digital long-term preservation service of scholarly books, journals and collections.  Plagiarism Policy  The editorial board is participating in a growing community of Similarity Check System's users in order to ensure that the content published is original and trustworthy. Similarity Check is a medium that allows for comprehensive manuscripts screening, aimed to eliminate plagiarism and provide a high standard and quality peer-review process. 